He aha te mea te kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia: āhuatanga, hua. kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia nui o Russia: Rārangi, Whakatauranga

hāngai ana te ōhanga o tetahi whenua i runga i te whanaketanga o ngā pakihi e na roto i to ratou utu tāke ki afata tao'a te whenua o e hanga e rite ki te hua o te pauna pai. Ko te wātea o te moni i roto i te kaha, i roto i te tahuri, - te matua ki te ora angitu, he taurangi o te haumaru, tapatahi o te whenua, tona whanaketanga pūmau. Ko tētahi o nga puna matua o te moni i nga wa katoa i roto i whenua whakawhanakehia whakaaro i kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia, he rārangi o e tatou i aparau i roto i te taipitopito ki a koutou i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ēnei kamupene whai wāhi nui ngā i roto i te ōhanga motu, a ētahi wā noa noho te tūranga ārahi i roto i tona motuhake.

Whakatau i te āhua o te kamupene

Ka taea e ēnei pūtahi pūtea kia tino rerekē i roto i to ratou kaha, engari i roto i te whānui, i etahi ritenga. Ko te kupu, ko te kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia - te whakahaere i ai kia o tetahi puka whakahaere-ture. Ano, puritia ona rawa whakaritea e te kāwanatanga, ahakoa tika municipality ranei. E whakaritea kaiwhakahaere ki o ratou pou (mahi i runga i te kirimana) tūmatanui mana. Ko utu te tuhituhi i te meka e whai ake nei te reira i: te kamupene kāwanatanga arahina nga wa katoa e kore anake e te rapu mo nga puna rahi o te moni, engari takakawe hoki ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te hapori, kia rite ki te ingoa whakaahua ana ano te whakahaere ta e te kāwanatanga ko te āhuatanga taketake o mahi i roto i te tūranga o te kaihanga me te kiritaki.

Ko te tikanga matua

Tetahi kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia:

• Kei te titauhia te reira ki te whai i te hiri ki runga ki i whakaahuatia te te State tohu o te Russian Federation. Hoki, kia whaowhao te tā ki te ingoa tonu o te whakahaere.
• He tuwhera pūkete ki te Federal Treasury me te tika ki te whakatuwhera i ngā pūkete o nāianei i roto i ngā tahataha ētahi atu whare nama ranei mo te momo o ngā whakawhitinga pūtea.
• e kore e whai te reira i tetahi here ki runga ki te wā o ona mahi.
• Takoto ki te whakaputa i ngā pūrongo āmiki i runga i to ratou mahi i raro i te ture.
• He te tika ki te whakahaere mo te whakaaro o te imiraa moni i te mahi mo te i hanga ai. I muri i utu o utu me takoha katoa e hiahiatia ana e te ture e hāngai ana, te tikanga te Kamupene kia whakamahi i te toe rauemi ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga i tohua e te ture Federal.
• E kore te mea i takoto ki te whakatau i te herenga tangohia e te Russian Federation. I roto i te tahuri, e kore ko te Russian Federation kawenga mō taunahatanga o te kamupene.

tika

kamupene State-puritia i raro i kia te ture:

• Whakatūwhera ratou tari atu, me te hanga i rerekē manga.
• Kia te mema o te rōpū, me ētahi atu rōpū.
• E tomo ki roto ki kirimana ture.
• A ani i to ratou ake tohu (pennants, haki, tohu, me ētahi atu tohu) me ki te whakahaere i te tukanga mō te türanga me te whakamahi i roto i ō rātou whakaurunga me waka.

Ko te painga matua mo te kaimahi

E mea pinepine e kore kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia, e kua whakarārangitia hua i raro, e taea ki te whakahere utu teitei ki tona wae kaimahi (ka taea anake te okotahi hanga kaiwhakahaere matua). I te mahi taua wa i runga i te whakahaere taua ka ahureitia chotkom i roto i runga i te Code Reipa. I roto i te tahuri, e te tikanga tenei mo te tangata toharite, e:

• Kei te kī te reira ki te tiki i to koutou urunga i roto i te pukamahi. Hoki ki te kirimana mahi ka kia hainatia kahore kore.
• Ki te utu ka tonu wā takoha katoa e hiahiatia ana me takoha whakahauanga ki te pūtea kāwanatanga, e te tikanga e reira e kia kore amuamu i te takoha.
• Ka waiho e ia āhei hoki utua poroporoaki ā-tau whakahauanga, poroporoaki hapūtanga, poroporoaki mate.
• e kore e e pupuhi te reira i waho tautukunga ki nga tikanga katoa ture me ngā whakaritenga (mataara wawe, utu uaua rahi, a na i runga i).
• Ka kia tonu o mahi ra, ka whakarato i te reira no te utu mo te roanga, me te wiki mahi i roto i runga i te ture.

Ko reira ano hoki nui te meka e kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia mō fekumi mahi e ngā whakaritenga iti pākaha ki runga ki tau, atu i tetahi hinonga tūmataiti. Ko rawa pono hoki te iwi i runga i wha tekau nga tau, he nei i paerewa o tenei ra i te mōrearea i roto i ngā o te mahi tenei.

ngā Western

I roto i te maha whenua capitalist o te wahi ki te hauauru o te ao mo etahi wa tino i reira ko te āhuatanga huru o te tēpara, i te mea e whai ake: te tīmatanga hanga te iwi taitamariki ratou mahi, me te whakarite koe i te turanga rauemi pai mō te heke mai i roto i ngā umanga tūmataiti me hinonga. I muri i taua, a tawhio noa te tau o 40-45 tau, huri i ratou mahi, me te nekehanga ki ngā kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia, nga āhuatanga o nei, i roto i te tahuri, tukua te tangata ki te akaanga ahua, no te mea i roto i taua whakahaere iti kaimahi pūngao me te penihana pai me te haumaru pāpori, e pai pā te te kounga me te roanga o te ora. I tua atu, kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia varavara whakanohoia pānuitanga i runga i to ratou mahi i roto i te ao nui o te Internet, a maha nga tino tata mahi tahi ki ngā whakawhitinga mahi me te ratonga terenga.

hanga ture

Te hanga i te kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia whakaritea e te ture. I roto i tenei take, kia mohio ki te hanga i te poari o kaiwhakahaere (poari hi'opo'araa) o te kamupene (e rua - te tinana nui rawa o te poari).

Ko te tinana whakahaere o te whakahaere e taea te whakatutuki i te take e whai ake nei:

• Whakaae te hōtaka o ngā mahi mo o te wā he wā roa. kia whakauru tēnei tuhinga te whakatinanatanga o te hanga, pūtea, mahi haumi, ki te u ai e te ture e hānga ana.
• Hei whakapuaki te parau tumu o kaimahi utu, e kia whakaratohia e te fakafalala o te taumata utu o paetae o tohu mahi matua.
• Te whakatau i te whakamahi o hua te kamupene o.
• Whakatau i runga i te whakawhitinga o te taonga rauemi o te whakahaere ki te taonga kāwanatanga o te Russian Federation.

Ka rite ki te tinana te mea nui rawa e whai i te mana ki te hanga i komiti motuhake me ngā kōmihana ki te mahi ki ngā take. Ko nga ngā tukanga whakahaere o ngā hanganga whakapumautia me ratou hanganga whaiaro, me te ine i whakaritea e te whakatau motuhake o te Poari Supervisory.

kamupene State-fatuhia i roto i te ōhanga

kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia Russian i tūranga ārahi i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o ōhanga rāngai Federation. Heoi, i reira he rāngai wahi ko te tino iti te aroaro o pūtahi tūmatanui (hei tauira, waro keri, marama me ahumahi kai).

9 anake% no ki te hanganga kāwanatanga i roto i te hanga o ngā hua waipiro. Ko anake whakawhetai taea ki te "Tatspirtprom" me "Bashspirt" tenei.

Same ahua feunga iti - 9% - angamaheni mō ngā kamupene kāwanatanga me te hanga.

Te pānga kāwanatanga kătahi i roto i te ahumahi penupenu me te pepa, ko te pā ana ki 12%. Ko Income anake kotahi kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia takoha ki te Treasury - Federal State Kotahitanga Enterprise "Gosznak". Ko te rawa matua o te taua i roto i tenei rohe mo te maha nga tau e puritia e kamupene tūmataiti, me ngā umanga.

awe te rängai torotoro waea e te kāwanatanga 14 anake%. Ko konei te whakahaere kāwanatanga matua "Rostelecom". April 1, 2011 e piri ki i reira waru kamupene rohe o "Svyazinvest" me te maha o te kāwanatanga e hānga ana hinonga kotahitanga.

State whai wāhitanga i roto i te hanga o ngā waka nekeneke, ëtahi me āhua-ëtahi he 17%, me te i roto i te hanga o te taputapu me te mīhini - 15%.

tūranga tino ngoikore o te mana kāwanatanga i roto i te tangohanga o tokahuke o ngā konganuku me te metallurgy. Here, kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia i 3 anake% i roto i te metallurgy kore-ferrous. I te wa ano e tino puritia ahumahi maitai e te takitahi tūmataiti.

Oil. whakahaere te whenua 23% o te ahumahi. mana State he tika ki te rawa o "Rosneft" me "Gazprom Neft".

no te mana Electrical ki te hanganga kāwanatanga i te 35%. Ko te wahi matua i roto i te rohe o Moscow ( "Mosenergo" MOESK) me te hanganga e hānga ana.

Hoatu e te kāwanatanga nona neke atu i te hawhe o "Gazprom" hea, mana o ahumahi hau te whenua, ko te 48%.

57% - e ko te nui no ki kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia i te hanga o rerekē oko, wāhi me te rererangi. Ko te tino kaha i roto i te Ufa Engine Industrial Association, Helicopter Kazan tūranga o te kāwanatanga Plant, he wheketere rererangi i roto i Ulan-ude, te United pahi Company.

Ko te mana kaha o kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia nui kei roto i te ahumahi transportation - 73%. Here mai ki te rerewē mua, te hinu, me te hau pipelines. whakahaere Rail waka e JSC "Railways Russian", e te tino puritia e te kāwanatanga. He Pipelines i raro i te mana "Transneft", me pipelines hau -. "Gazprom"

tokitoki ara

I hanga State Company "huarahi Russian" me mahi anake mo te whakaaro o te raveraa i mahi o te kiritaki i roto i te tukanga o te hoahoa, te hanganga, anō, nāna me te tiaki o nga rori. Kei te whai wāhi hoki te kamupene i roto i te whakahaere o te waka (tae atu ki te mana rere o te waka), te whakarite i te taumata e tika ana o te mahi (te tere, whakamarie, haumaru), te utu mo te whakamahi o rori takoha taonga, hi◊opo◊ai te whakarato o te haumaru huarahi, ka aromātai te āhuatanga waka whakahaere o te rori . I tua atu, whakarato te ti'amâraa kāwanatanga consulting, engineering me ētahi atu ratonga i roto i to ratou tuhaa whakaritea o mahi. I roto i ona mau ohipa ngā tā me hāngai ana ki te hanganga o te Atlas o nga ara Russian Federation. hangaia e te kamupene hoki, ngā me pā tikanga auaha ki te whakahaere i te rere waka, e pupuri ana i te record o auau aituā i runga i te rori. I te wa ano te whakahaere e te tika, ki te tuku ki te kāwanatanga tohu ona kaimahi, mahi i roto i te rāngai ara.

Waihanga i te kamupene kāwanatanga-puritia, i whakaritea e te reira Hōngongoi 17, 2009. hainatia te pūtake o tona mahi e Dmitry Medvedev, Federal Ture.

I roto i te 2014, kua tae te kamupene kāwanatanga "Roads Russian" he kawenata ki te Russian Direct Investment Fund i runga i te tahi ki te kukume pūtea i roto i ngā kaupapa i te ao o te hanganga waka. Ka whakanui i tenei kawenata te nui o hanganga o rori hou i roto i te whenua i raro i te mana o te kāwanatanga. Ko te kirimana whakaaetia ki te utu i te pūtea ke ārahi kore iti iho i te 25% o te pūtea kaupapa.

Pipiri 24, 2016 i roto i Beijing tū whiriwhiringa o te kōmihana te äpiti Russian-Chinese i runga i haumi mahi tahi, i tae i te heamana o "Avtodor" Sergei Kelbakh. Ko te hua o te hui ko ki whakaaetia te rārangi o ngā kaupapa huarahi hanganga matua. I roto i ngā, utua whakarongo motuhake i ki te hanga o te ara "Europa - China Western". Ko wāhanga o te tuara o ara nui-tere te kaupapa. I roto i tenei kamupene kāwanatanga Russian hanga ao ko te whakahaere, ko wai e whai ki te hanga e pā ana ki 2.3 mano kiromita o rori. Ko te kaupapa ngā rua ngā wāhanga. Ko te tuatahi o 567 kiromita o tiketike-tere huarahi M-11 (Moscow - Saint-Petersburg). Ko te wāhanga tuarua - i te Central Ring Road ki te rohe ki te Republic o katatānga.

Roroa whanuitanga Russian

nui kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia o Russia, o te akoranga, ko te hunga whakahaere, e te nuinga te whakatau i te mana ōhanga o te whenua katoa. e na reira e te reira tino whai hua ki te whakaaro i te rārangi o enei pūata. I roto ia ratou puta:

• "Hangarau Russian".
• "Rosatom".
• "RusHydro".
• Federal Mātiti Company o Pūnaha Energy Unified.
• "Rosneft".
• "Gazprom".
• "Transneft".
• Rao "Energy Systems o te Te Tai Rāwhiti".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United Aircraft Corporation".
• "Railways Russian".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• "United pahi Corporation".
• Corporation "Tactical vela".
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Military Industrial Corporation "Scientific-Production Association o te engineering aunoa."
• Rocket me Space Corporation "Energía" te ingoa i muri i S. P. Koroleva.
• Joint Stock Company "ALROSA".
• "Vega".
• Āwangawanga "Moana patu raro - Gidropribor".
• Center o mua me te Hangarau Ship Tapia.
• "Roskhimzaschita".
• "Rangahau me Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "Dzerzhinsky".
• "Okeanpribor" āwangawanga.
• "Mōhiohio Satellite Systems" academician M. F. Reshetneva.
• United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• Federal State Kotahitanga Enterprise "Russian Company Satellite Communications".
• FSUE "Mail o Russia".
• Federal State Kotahitanga Enterprise "Russian Whakaata me Irirangi Broadcasting Whatunga".
• Irkutsk o pūngao me te Electrification.
• Tohutūmahi Pūnaha o te Pūnaha Energy Unified.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo Airport.

Ko raro i te mana o te tinana e hānga ana whakahaere, me te Komihana i runga i Hangarau High me te Auahatanga enei kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia Russian nui katoa. mahi tenei kei te ki te whakaaro o te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka whanaketanga auaha.

Ko te wahi nui rawa o te āhua

kamupene Herenga tauanga kāwanatanga-puritia, e pūkete hoki te wahi nui rawa o te kāwanatanga, ka kia e whai ake:

1. United Aircraft Corporation (MPK). ngā te kamupene kāwanatanga i roto i te rāngai engineering aunoa. Ko te āhua nona 93.4% o hea. haere mai Corporation ki te i roto i te tau 2006. I te tīmatanga, katoa 100% o nga hea i roto i te kainga o ngā pokapū kāwanatanga, engari i roto i te 2009 i hokona te hea ki takitahi tūmataiti.
2. "Alrosa" - te kaihanga nui o taimana i roto i te whenua. Nona te kāwanatanga 90.9% o hea.
3. "Tattelecom". e kore te Power fatuhia e te kamupene tika me i roto i pupuri "Svyazinvestneftekhim". I roto i tenei take, te whakahaere kāwanatanga, ko te 87,2% o te hea.
4. "Rosneft" ko raro i aro kāwanatanga tata. mau te State 82% o hea.
5. Power Company "fakasosialé" Ko mo te wahi tino te hopoi'a o te Federal Āhuatanga Agency (79.55%).
6. "Transneft". 78,11% o te whakapaipai mana e wātea ana - taonga o te kāwanatanga.
7. Bank "VTB". "Federal Āhuatanga Whakahaere Agency" hokona 75,5% o hea.
8. "Kubanenergo" te kamupene te mana, ko te kawenga mō te whakarato hiko ki te whakaurunga Olympic i Sochi, no ki te āhua e 70%.
9. "RusHydro". Ko te wahi o Federal Āhuatanga Whakahaere Agency i te kamupene moni ki 60.5%.
10. "Inter Rao". Ko te whenua nona tata 60% tĭtĭ.
11. "Aeroflot" - he mema tonu i-parirau o te haumi rererangi SkyTeam, 51,17% o no ki te āhua nei hea.

I te mutunga, ka kite matou: ko ta matou e tumanako ana ko tenei tuhinga tonu i awhina i a koe ki te mohio ko wai nga kamupene kei roto i nga kawanatanga tae noa ki tenei ra, he aha o raatau tino pai me te wahanga o te whai wāhi ki te whakawhanaketanga o Rusia.