He aha te mea he irakētanga?

E huaina irakētanga huringa noa i roto i te hanganga o te DNA o kaiao ora, ārahi ki te putanga o abnormalities ngā i roto i te tupu me te whanaketanga. Ko te kupu, whakaaro tatou he irakētanga e taua, ona take, a ngā i roto i te pūtaiao o te whakarōpū. kia utu ano te reira i whakarongo ki te pānga o te tohuira i runga i ngā rerekētanga i roto i te natura.

He aha te mea he irakētanga?

Ko te pūtaiao mea e vai i te irakētanga me te hakari tonu i roto i te tinana rawa o taata katoa e noho ana i runga i te ao, ano, e taea te kite ratou ake ki te rau e rave rahi i roto i te tinana kotahi. Ko te putanga o ratou pakeke, ka whakawhirinaki i runga i te mea take i whakapataritari ratou me te mea i tukua e mekameka ira.

Ko te take o irakētanga

Ko te take o irakētanga e taea e tino kanorau, a taea e noatia kore anake ratou, engari ano āwenewene i te taiwhanga. tautuhi Scientists geneticists te āhuatanga e whai ake nei mo te huringa:

1) radiation (ionizing me te X) - ki hihi iraruke haere i roto i te tinana rerekē utu irahiko o te ngota, hua i roto i te rangirua o te mahi noa o te matū me ngā tukanga koiora me te physico-matū;

2) Kia te hua i roto i te pāmahana tinana meinga hoki huringa tika ki rawa te haamahu tinana paepae;

3) i roto i te wehenga o te DNA pūtau kia takaroa, me te tupu te tahi mau taime rawa tere;

4) "naianei" DNA pūtau, i muri nei ara, ki te he e taea te toe fakafoki ki hoki te ngota ki tona āhua taketake, e arata'i ki te huringa ape.

whakarōpū o irakētanga

tčnā, te ao neke atu i te 30 huringa o ngā tohuira me harotoroto ira o kaiao meinga e irakētanga ora, a kahore e whakahuatia tonu ratou i roto i te malformations waho ā ranei, he tokomaha o ratou e rawa te kinokore, me te kore e meinga hūhi. Hei kitea te whakahoki ki te pātai: "He aha te mea he irakētanga" - ka taea e te tono ki te whakarōpū me te mutogenov, e kua whakarōpūtia i runga i o ratou take whāriki rānei.

1. I roto i te typology o te pūtau ke te wehewehe i waenganui i tinana me ngā irakētanga generative. kitea Tuatahi i roto i ngā pūtau kararehe o ngā kaiao ora, kua tuku i te reira anake i te tauatanga. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kua hanga e te reira noa i roto i te whanaketanga o te ira i roto i te kopu (hei tauira, rerekē kanohi tae me te t.). Tuarua maha whakakitea i roto i te tipu me te hātaretare, meinga e āhuatanga taiao waho kino (te tupu o te harore i runga i te rakau, me te t. D.).

2. wāhi o ngā pūtau mutated rereke irakētanga karihi e pānga tika i runga i te DNA (kore e urupare ki te maimoatanga), me cytoplasmic - pā ki huringa i roto i ngā pūtau me fluids katoa e taunekeneke ana ki te pata (treatable ranei ki rapurongoā, Kei te hoki i huaina taua irakētanga atavism).

3. Tei runga i nga take e whakapataritari te ahua o huringa te wehe tūturu (mārama) irakētanga anoo ohorere me kahore tetahi take, me te tāwhaiwhai (piri) - he kore i roto i te mahi noa o ngā tukanga matū, me te tinana.

4. Tei runga i te pakeke o nga irakētanga e wehea ki:

1) genomic - huringa i roto i te maha o ngā huinga o pūira (syndrome o Down) ;

2) irakētanga ira - huringa i roto i te raupapa nucleotide hanga i roto i te hanganga o ngā whenu DNA hou (phenylketonuria).

Te tikanga irakētanga

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, he kino ratou ki te tinana, no te mea pokanoa i te reira ki te tupu noa, me te whanaketanga, me ētahi wā arahi ki te mate. e kore e irakētanga Whaihua puta ake, ara, ki te horo'a ratou supernormal. Ko ratou he tikanga matua mō te mahi kaha o te kōwhiringa tūturu , me pā te kōwhiringa o ngā kaiao ora, ārahi ki te putanga o momo hou e hōloa ranei. Ko te kupu, ka whakahoki i te pātai: "He aha te mea he irakētanga" - ko reira ia tapao e ko te huringa iti rawa i roto i te hanganga DNA tenei, pānga te whanaketanga me te mahi faufaa o te rauropi katoa.