He aha te mea Corpus Linguistics?

Just ki te tahi tau ahuru matahiti i ma'iri a'e whakaaunoa te rangahau reo, anake i taea e pūtaiao moemoea o. meatia te mahi i te taha o te ringa, rata ana te reira i te tau nui o ngā ākonga, i reira te mea he nui te tūponotanga "maharakore" hape, a tino nui - ka mau tenei katoa he roa, te wā roa.

Ki te meinga te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko, kua taea ki te whakahaere rangahau i runga i te tikanga o te nui tere, me tenei ra tetahi o nga tohutohu tino whaihua i roto i te ako o te reo ko te wetereo te tahua. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko te whakamahi o nui o ngā mōhiohio kuputuhi, ngā mōhiohio ki te pātengi raraunga kotahi, i roto i te ara motuhake, me te huaina te tinana i tohua.

Ki te rā, i reira e maha whare hanga ki opuaraa rerekē i runga i te pūtake o ngā rauemi reo puta noa i mirioni ki tekau o pirioni o ngā waeine wetereo. mohio ana tēnei aronga e rite te whaihua, me te whakaatu tino ahunga whakamua ki te tono me te rangahau take. Tohunga, tetahi ara tetahi utu ki te reo tūturu ranei, e tūtohu ana ki te kia maheni ki te tinana o tuhinga i te iti rawa i te taumata taketake.

History o te tahua wetereo

Ko te hanganga o tenei au ko e tika ana ki te hanga o te United States i Brown tinana i roto i te tīmatanga o 60-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te kohinga ngā te tuhinga o te 1 katoa miriona o puka kupu, me tenei ra e kia rawa uncompetitive te tinana o tenei rahi. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko, me te te titauraa tipu mō rauemi rangahau hou tenei.

I roto i te 90 puta wetereo He kuhu ki te ako tonu, me te motuhake, he kohinga o ngā tuhinga kua unu ake, ka tohua hoki pinepine o reo. I roto i tenei wā i hanga i te reira, hei tauira, te British National Corpus 100 miriona tohu.

Ki te whanaketanga o tenei rohe o wetereo, kei te hoko pukapuka kuputuhi ake me te ake (me tae pirioni o ngā waeine papakupu), a kei te hoko i te tahora atu kanorau. Ki te rā, ka taea te kitea i te wāhi Ipurangi tinana tuhituhia, ka korerotia te reo, maha, me te tuhinga toi mātauranga ranei te ako-hāngai, me te maha atu momo.

He aha e te whare

kia whakaratohia momo Body i roto i te mātauranga wetereo tinana mo te maha ngā take. Karu, te pūtake hoki te whakarōpū taea e te reo kuputuhi (Russian, Tiamana), te aratau uru (tuwhera puna, katia, arumoni), te momo o te rauemi pūtake (pakimaero, pakipūmeka, mātauranga, nūpepa).

ara Interesting mahia rauemi o korero reo. Mai ki te tuhi āta o taua kupu te waihanga i tētahi taiao tāwhaiwhai mo nga ngā, a kihai i taea te huaina te rauemi hua "noa", kua riro hou wetereo He kuhu te tahi atu ara. rite rawa te tūao te ki te hopuoro, a i roto i te ra hua he lekooti o kōrero katoa, i roto i nei uru reira. Iwi a tawhio noa, o te akoranga, kia kore mohio ai i roto i te akoranga o te whakahaere ia rā whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao.

I muri riro record rongoa i roto i te pātengi raraunga, me te e haere tahi i te momo tuhinga kuputuhi tāngia. Ko te kupu, riro te reira tautohu taea hiahiatia ki te hanga i tētahi whare kupu ia-waha.

tono

Nga wahi katoa e taea te whakamahi o te reo, a pea te whakamahi o whare tuhinga. Methods ki te tono i te takere i roto i wetereo kia:

• Te hanga i tētahi hōtaka te whakatau i te kī, kei te whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te tōrangapū, me te pakihi ki te aroturuki o ngā urupare pai, me te kino o ngā kaipōti, me kiritaki, aua.
• pūnaha mōhiohio Hononga ki papakupu me tuhi ki te whakapai ake i to ratou mahi.
• He momo o ngā mahi rangahau e whai wāhi ki te māramatanga o te kōwae reo, te hītori o tona whanaketanga me te matapae o huringa i roto i te heke mai e tata ana.
• Whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha tiki mōhiohio e hāngai ana i runga i te āhuatanga morphological, syntactic, pū, me te tahi atu.
• Arotautanga o te rerekē ngā pūnaha reo me ētahi atu.

Whakamahi o whare

atanga rauemi rite ki te pūkaha rapu angamaheni, ka e muhumuhu te kaiwhakamahi ki te tomo i te kupu pahekotanga ranei o kupu ki te rapu hoki i te turanga mōhiohio. I tua hanga taea te rapu tangohia whakamahi i te putanga whakarei, e taea ana ki te rapu kōrero tuhi i runga i tata tetahi paearu reo.

kia rapu turanga:

• mema o te rōpū ngā o ngā wāhanga o te kupu;
• āhuatanga wetereo;
• semantics;
• tae stylistic me aronganui.

Ka taea hoki te ngā paearu rapu mo te raupapa o kupu, hei tauira, ki te kitea ngā takanga katoa o te ihoparau i roto i te hakari kukū, tangata tuatahi te motuhia e, e haere mai ana i muri i te pūtūmua "i roto i" me te noun i roto i te take accusative. Ko te otinga ki te taua mahi ohie e te kaiwhakamahi i te hēkona ruarua, me te titau i te torutoru noa pakō kiore i roto i te mara i whakaritea.

Ko te tukanga o te hanga

Ka taea e te rapu ano kia kawea i roto i runga i subcorpus katoa me kotahi āta whiriwhiri, i runga i te hiahia i roto i te whakatutuki i te whāinga ngā rānei:

1. Ko te mahi tuatahi, ko te ki te tautuhi i ngā tuhinga te hanga i te pūtake mo te take. No te mau opuaraa mahi, ki te mea i whakamahia pinepine kairīpoata, kōrero rongo, kōrero ipurangi. Ko te kaupapa rangahau ko te whakamahi o te whānui o ngā momo mōkihi momo, engari kia te kuputuhi kia tīpakohia rite ki etahi whenua noa.
2. Ko te kohinga hua o ngā tuhinga i raro ki te pretreatment, i reira he ako o hapa, ki te tetahi, rite i te whakaahuatanga rārangi pukapuka, me te anō-reo o te kuputuhi.
3. Kei te whakakorea katoa mōhiohio kore-tuhi: Whakawāteatia ai te whakairoiro, pikitia, tepu.
4. He he tohanga o tohu, e he nuinga kupu, mo te tukatuka atu.
5. I te pae hopea, kawea reira morphological, syntactical me ētahi atu tohu whiwhi plurality o ngā huānga.

Ko te hua o whakawhitinga katoa i hanga e te hanganga syntactic ki tohaina roto he plurality o ngā āhuatanga, ia o nei tāutuhia te wahi o te kupu, wetereo, me te, i roto i ētahi wā, i te huanga pū.

Fifi i roto i te hanga whare

He mea nui ki te matau, e kore te mea nui ki te hoatu tahi te huinga o nga kupu rerenga ranei mo te tinana e. I runga i te ringa kotahi, kia waiho whārite he kohinga o ngā tuhinga, i te mea, tohu momo rerekē o tuhinga i roto i etahi hanganga. I te tahi atu - kia mokowā nga tirotiro o te marae i roto i te ara motuhake.

faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru tuatahi e te kawenata: hei tauira, i roto i te kohinga ngā 60% o ngā tuhinga tuhituhi, 20% o ngā pakipūmeka, homai he tetahi ōrau te he kanohi i tuhituhia o te reo i korerotia, ture, rangahau, me te pera i runga i D. te tino tunu tinana potupotutatau e kore e tenei ra te tīariari..

Te pātai tuarua, mo te tahora ihirangi, whakaoti wero. He hōtaka motuhake me hātepe e whakamahia ana mō te aunoa māka o ngā tuhinga, engari e kore e hoatu e ratou he hua tino, e taea meinga taupatupatu me rapu utu rework ā-. E whakaahuatia Opportunities me mau tamataraa i roto i te mahi ki tenei raruraru i roto i te taipitopito i roto i te pepa V. P. Zaharova o wetereo te tahua.

whakatinana tautohu Kuputuhi kei i te maha o ngā taumata, e whakarārangi tatou i raro.

tūtohu morphological

Mai i te kura, mahara tatou e i roto i te reo Russian, i reira he wahi rerekē o korero, me ia o ratou kua ona ake āhuatanga. Hei tauira, he kāwai o tokonga ake me te wa i nei kahore noun te ihoparau. he reo taketake te feaa-ore pato'i tūingoa me tūmahi haumi, engari ki te tohu i te tinana o te 100 miriona. tapa'oe ā mahi e kore e mahi. Ka taea e te ngā mahi e tika ana katoa mahia te rorohiko, Heoi, hoki tenei me te reira ki te kia whakaako.

tūtohu morphological, te rorohiko me "mahino" ia kupu rite te tetahi wahi o te kupu he i etahi āhuatanga wetereo. Mai te Russian (me tetahi atu reo) mahi he maha o ture auau, he reira taea ki te hanga i tētahi tukanga aunoa mo te tātari morphological, haumi i roto i te motokā mo te maha o hātepe. Heoi, i reira he okotahi ki te tikanga, me te ngā āhuatanga te fifi. Ka rite ki te hua, he tātari rorohiko kupenga o tenei ra tawhiti i pai, a tae noa 4% hapa hua te uara o 4 miriona. Kupu i runga i te tinana o te 100 miriona. Units, tono rework ā-.

whakaahua ana pukapuka Taipitopito te raruraru Zaharova V. P. "Corpus Linguistics".

Tuhipoka syntactic

Pāhi pāhi ranei - he tukanga e whakatau te hononga o ngā kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero. Mā te whakamahi i te huinga o hātepe he taea ki te whakatau i te kuputuhi o kaupapa, paparangi, tāpiritanga, hohoko maha o kupu. Kimihia atu i nga kupu ko te raupapa matua, a nei - ti'aturi, e taea tōtika tatou tango mōhiohio i kuputuhi me ki te whakaako i te mīhini ki te puta i roto i te whakautu ki te tono rapu te mōhiohio anake ngā tatou.

E te ara, te whakamahi i engines rapu hou tenei ki te hoatu i roto i tau motuhake hei utu o ngā tuhinga roa i roto i te whakautu ki pātai e hāngai ana pērā i "e hia Calories i roto i te aporo" ranei "te tawhiti i Moscow ki St Petersburg." Heoi, ki te matau ara nga taketake o te tukanga whakaahuatia e te hiahia ki te kōrero i te "Omuaraa ki te Corpus Linguistics" ranei te tahi atu akoranga taketake.

tautohu pū

Ko te semantics o te kupu - he, i roto i ngā ohie, te tikanga. huarahi whānui e hāngai ana ki te tātaritanga pū o te tūtohu tukunga kupu, e whakaata ana i tona no ki te huinga o ngā kāwai pū me ngā kāwairoto. he tino hoki mä hātepe tātari oro kuputuhi, summarization aunoa me ētahi atu mahi tikanga o wetereo He kuhu taua mōhiohio.

He he maha o "pakiaka" o te rakau, e tohu ana he kupu waitara ki te semantics rawa whanui. Ka rite kei te he peka o te kōpuku rakau i hanga, kei roto atu, me te ake tauwhāiti huānga wetereo. Hei tauira, kia te kupu "mea" kia pā ana ki taua ariā rite "tangata", me te "kararehe". Ka haere tonu te kupu tuatahi ki te tupu ake i roto i ki ngaio rerekē, ngā whanaungatanga, iwi, me te tuarua - i runga i ngā akomanga me te momo o te kararehe.

Ko te whakamahi o ngā pūnaha tiki mōhiohio

Ngā wāhanga o te whakamahi o wetereo te tahua hipokina mara kanorau o te mahi. E whakamahia kuhunga mo te faaineineraa, me te ako o papakupu, te hanga pūnaha translation aunoa, te whakakaupapa, tiki meka, whakatau i te reo, me te tahi atu tukatuka kuputuhi.

I tua atu, kaha e taua rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te ako o ngā reo ao me huarahi o te mahi o te reo i roto i te whānui. Access ki rōrahi nui o ngā mōhiohio i mua i-ineine whakahaere ako tere, me te whānui o te ngā o ngā reo whanaketanga, me uara huringa tere kupu whängai atu hanganga pūmau wae-kupu, me ētahi atu.

Mai titau te mahi ki taua moni nui o te raraunga aunoatanga, i tenei ra i reira he tata taunekeneke i waenganui i nga wetereo rorohiko me te tahua.

Russian National Corpus

Tenei take (haapotohia NKRYA) ngā he maha o subcorpus, tuku i te whakamahinga o te rauemi mo te whānui o ngā mahi momo.

Kua wehea nga rauemi i roto i te pātengi raraunga NKRYA:

• ki tānga i roto i 90 te pāpāho ', me 2000, e rua kāinga me te ke;
• tuhi kupu;
• aktsentologicheski tohua tuhinga (i.e., nga tohu o te ahotea);
• kupu reo;
• rotarota;
• Rauemi ki tohu syntactic me ētahi atu.

Ko te pūnaha mōhiohio hoki ngā Subcorpus ki whakamāoritanga whakarara o mahi i Russian ki Ingarihi, Tiamana, Wīwī, me te tokomaha ētahi atu reo (me te hurihia).

Ano i roto i te pātengi raraunga i reira ko te wāhanga o ngā tuhinga hītori, e tohu ana i te kupu i tuhituhia i roto i Russian i wā rerekē o tona whanaketanga. He he ano hoki te tinana whakangungu, e taea e whai hua mō ngā tangata ke i roto i aravihi i te reo Russian.

Kei roto Russian National Corpus 400 miriona waeine wetereo, me i roto i ara maha mua o te wahi nui o nga reo o tinana Europe.

opuaraa

Fact i manakohia o te aronga o tenei au ko te wātea o te fafau mātauranga wetereo te tahua taiwhanga i roto i ngä whare wänanga Russian, me te ke. Ki te whakamahi o me rangahau i roto i te anga o tenei mōhiohio me te rapu rauemi e faatupu te whanaketanga o etahi wāhi i roto i te mara o hangarau tiketike, ngā pūnaha pātai-whakahoki, engari kua kōrero ki runga.

tohu whanaketanga atu o te tahua wetereo te i ngā taumata katoa, mai i hangarau, me te i roto i ngā o te whakatinanatanga o hātepe hou e arotau nga tukanga o rapu me te tukatuka mōhiohio, whakamana rorohiko, atu RAM, a ki kiritaki, no te mea he kaiwhakamahi ake me te ake huarahi ki te whakamahi i tenei momo o te rauemi i roto i to ratou rā te ora me te mahi.

I roto i te mutunga

I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i 2017 whakaaro heke mai tawhiti, i reira haere spaceships roto i te ao, me lōpoti mahi te mahi katoa mo te iwi. I roto i te meka, he fonu ki "wahi ma" me te hanga nganatanga ngau kino ki te whakahoki i te pātai o te taata no te mau tenetere whakararuraru pūtaiao. Pātai mahi o te reo i konei noho te wahi o te kororia, a taea rūnanga me te tātai wetereo te tauturu ia tatou ki te whakahoki kupu ki a ratou.

Tukatuka o huinga raraunga nui e taea kitea tauira, i mua uaua, matapae i te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga reo motuhake ki te aru i te hanganga o ngā kupu i roto i te wā tata tūturu.

I runga i te taumata mahi, e taea te kite i nga nohoanga ao, mo te tauira, rite te taputapu pea ki te aromatawai i te huru tūmatanui - te Internet ko te whakahoutia tonu pūtake ngā tuhinga o ia rā i hanga e te kaiwhakamahi tūturu: tenei kōrero me arotake, me ngā tuhinga, me te maha atu momo o te kupu.

I tua atu, mahi tahi tinana whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te taputapu taua, e whai wāhi i roto i te mōhiohio tiki, e mōhio ki te mahi "Google" ranei "Yandex", translation mīhini, papakupu hiko matou.

E māia ana tatou e nehenehe e whakapuaki e te wetereo ngä hanga anake nga kaupae tuatahi, a ka tupu i roto i te heke mai e tata ana.