He aha ngā mahi ka taea te huaina te kupu? Whakarōpū o mahi kupu

A, no te whai wāhi i te tangata e i roto i tetahi hui, i mua i te mea te reira tonu he tetahi whāinga. pohehe aau ranei e hiahia ana ia ki te whakatutuki i te reira, ki te ite ratou wawata. Tata tonu ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga me ia hoa mahi, kei te ngana nei ia ki te riria, e he wāhi i roto i te hui reo motuhake, pera - mahia te mahi e he i roto i te pānga. Kupu - Ko nga wa katoa, he tetahi ahua o te mahi, i konei haere mai te mutunga e taea te huaina tetahi mahi he reo. Ko te kupu katoa ki te whakaaro e hāngai ana te hua.

mahi kupu

E ai ki wetereo hou H. Karaihi, Searle J. ko J. Austin, mahi kupu - .. He kōrero ki ētahi atu, me te iwi puta ohorere ratou mahi, kua mahi he tetahi mahi, ki te te tonoa ai ki te kaiwhiwhi. huaina te whakaaro o te kaikōrero te mahi kupu, he mahi o te kupu mahi reo ranei.

Variety o kupu mahi mārama ratou rahinga nui i roto i te täoro o te taata. Kua whakaemi Scientists he whakarōpū i reira te pūtake ko ïa te whakaaro o te kupu. He aha ngā mahi ka taea te huaina te kupu? Ae, katoa te hunga titau ki tetahi atu ranei ngā taumata, me te hoatu atu ki etahi koronga. Nuinga o ngā wā, e kore te mea anake te whāinga, me te i roto i te aparauraa e taea te wehewehe te maha ngā momo o te kupu, me te te ahu e rave rahi mahi kupu.

Dmitry Likhachev

He pono e taea te mahi i merekara kōrero reo. Ka taea e tauira te kitea nga wahi katoa. Commander i roto i tona kupu i roto i te āhua ki te faahepo i te ope ki te mahinga tino o te itoito. Manukura e o te pohe i te whanaunga o te mate ranei kia whai i te take mano katoa tangi, me i roto i ētahi wā, karanga hoki utu. He aha te mahi i nga mema o o te State Duma? He kingi kōrero reo. Tauira o tona aroaro tonu o te ūnga, rite ko te mahi o pononga tūmatanui. I te Congress tuatahi, i tū i te mamae o te USSR, ki nga kawana mahi academician Dmitry Likhachev.

Ka taea e koe te tātari tona korero ki te āta matau te aha e taea te huaina mahi he reo. ta ia i te tuatahi te mana o te ahurea Soviet, mo tona wähanga fakaetangatá, me nga mea whakamiharo. e kore te ara tutaki e tetahi o whiriwhiri o te iwi i roto i te tūāpapa pōtitanga noa kotahi te kupu - "ahurea". Otiia kahore te morare tino taketake e homai e ia, e kore ai ture pāpori tono te ture ōhanga - te ake, pūtaiao hou te mate, no te mea he utu te moni i te ngā, e kore te kaupapa matua, me te hanga taketake whakatinana tika ki te kore o hoki wā-poto - a na i runga i. i kōrero Likhachev i taipitopito te āhua fifi o tata katoa ahurea urupa, pūranga, whare pukapuka, whare taonga. Tae atu i pāngia me te ahurea o te kupu whanonga, ngā āhuatanga o tona kinonga. Rawa nui korero ia e pā ana ki te mātauranga, no te mea e ko te wahi i te ahurea, ko te ki te kia whakatakotoria. I aru tenei e tono raima mō te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua i roto i tenei rohe.

Communication me te reo

Tātari i te kupu o te academician, e kore huanga noa te reira ki te momo ngā o kupu, whakakitea whakaaro. O te akoranga, kotahi he reira mārama e ngana ana ki te Likhachev, te mātakitaki i nga ture katoa o te whanonga-waha, ki te kukume i te aro o ngā mema ki te whakaturia i roto i nga meka ki te riria ratou wae pai ona whāinga i kīia. Ko hoki reira tonu kitea e te academician, i roto i te tua ki whakamōhio te minenga tamata ki whakatenatena ratou ki etahi mahi. Kōrero - mahi kupu, kia rite huri i te reira i roto i. Mea atu te minenga ūnga, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki ngā raruraru. He momo o kupu whakatau te whakaaro kupu.

I roto i tenei take no academician Likhachev ki agitational momo turai ki te mahi, engari ki nga mea timatanga, me te whakamöhio, me tohe momo. Ko te hanganga o te mahi kupu i roto i tenei tauākī ko e reira he kore, pea, anake te momo o te epideyktichesky - doxology rahi, kei te maha i ki tonu i te kupu whakamaharatanga e kore anake rangatōpū, engari ano hoki Congresses o kaitohutohu o te iwi. He aha te take e memeha? Ae, no te mea te academician Dmitry Likhachev, pērā hoa tokomaha, whiriwhiria te whanonga-waha tika, te āwhina ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga.

momo Diatribichesky

Ahakoa tonu - mahi? Na te aha ngā mahi ka taea te huaina te kupu? Ia tangata ranei koa ia diatribicheskim kāhua, ake fehangahangai ki tenei āhuatanga i nga hikoinga. 'I hono kehé, ehara i te mea he mahi, engari he reo pānga, ka rua hoa uma mō haora korero i runga i te waea. Tenei ko tatou rawa whaiaro-ranea me te whaiaro-utu rite hāngai ana i te whiwhi pai tahi. He he tenei kōrero kahore take, kahore he whakaaro, ara tetahi hou kahore maha tetahi o interviewees e mohio, no te mea aromatawai katoa o te kua faaite.

Ko reira te mea he papamuri pono aronganui, he ahua o ahuareka koa o kōrero, me te whakarōpū o mahi kupu Kei roto i tenei momo o te kupu me te raina motuhake. momo Diatribichesky o kupu (philosopho tenei ariā tata kohukohu) ngā te orotika "mezhdusoboychikovye" heleuhila he iti mahino ki waho, etahi tīwhiri o āhuatanga rorirori, te kōrero ngā mohiotia ki enei mōrearea kotiro anake. hangaia e tenei katoa he sīpinga, ina mahi te kupu - he kore he mahi, engari te hanga o te tetahi papamuri titorehanga, e hopoi mai koa te pānga o nei. ki tonu kōrerorero ora Real te ki he maha ngā momo o mahi kupu, i runga i nga hiahia rānei: ki te hanga aroha, ki te tiki i te tauturu, ki whiua te tangata, ranei noa tamata ki te patua te kupu ... whanonga Speech rerekē i runga i te mau huru.

Puninga me ngā momo o te korero

1. Ko te kupu mātauranga. Kei roto te reira i wānanga, me te kura kauhau, pepa rangahau, pūrongo me arotake, kauwhau pūtaiao rongonui.

2. Ko te kupu ture. E rua ngā momo: te ture - ārai me te hāmene - pukapuka.

3. kupu pāpori-tōrangapū. pūrongo reira, ngā kupu i Congresses, hui, hui, hui, tenei kupu i roto i te Paremata, i rallies, kupu hōia-tāmau whenua, me te agitatorial me takawaenga. Kei roto i tēnei arotake tōrangapū.

4. kupu pāpori-kāinga. He he ano hoki rota o kōwhiringa: he kupu i te fariiraa, te oha iti, ngā Toasts me poroporoaki. Ko te tino kōrero reo, tauira o nei te matakitaki ana katoa i ia ra tenei.

5. Ko te kupu i te pae varua e aore Siasí, me te minita. E rua ngā kōwhiringa: he kupu-pororaa me te hahi mōhiohio.

Ko te āhuatanga tikanga puaki he korero reo me te whanonga hāngai. āhuatanga wāhanga tika tāmau i roto i taua mea, ka ū ki tona takotoranga, hanga he kotahitanga pai.

ariā

Korero, tauira o nei e hoatu i runga, e tauturu te reira ki te hanga i te ariā o te mahi korero i tahaki: whakaritea reira ihirangi hinengaro (ngā motuhake, me te āhuatanga, tikanga, tikanga, hua me ngā hua) hiahia tukua, i te mea he tikanga matua mo tetahi mahi-waha. Plus te tātaritanga o te tukanga, i ko te kapenga, me mahere manawarü. Mai i tenei e taea e tatou e deduce te whakamāramatanga o taua mahi kupu - he whatiwhatinga o te noa ngā mahi tangata i roto i te wā i homai o te wā.

Na, reira, whai hoki te ariā o te mahi kupu i te i runga: ko reira pūtake, kaha, e whai hua, me te hihiri te tukanga o te fariiraa me te issuance o whakatakoto, ka āhua e etahi whakaaro reo o whakapuaki, faaiteraa noa o kare ranei. A hāngai tenei tukanga te i kōrero, e taea te whakatau i te hiahia kōrerorero, me te hinengaro. Units o mahi - mahi kupu e kia whakamana e te tahi atu momo ranei i runga i to ratou ake, ahakoa o te whāinga whānui. I roto i tetahi take, korero e pā ana ki te mahi me ngā mahi, ko te taea anake, no te reira te mea te pānga ki runga ki a ratou, ina whakahaere tatou ki te huri i te mara ngā mōhiohio rite ki te hua o te kōrero.

Mō whanonga kupu

Ko te whānui me te iti iho i te he tetahi ariā tenei, no te mea te whanonga o ia tangata āta, me te pūnaha matatini o nekehanga, mahi me te whanonga. Ko te oranga pāpori ki mahi i roto i te hapori i roto i te kotahi te ahua ranei tetahi. Tautuhi o mahi reo me ngā mahi ko ngā kitea i roto i te whanonga kupu: tenei tikanga, he katoa tika ki nga hua o te mahi kupu te āhua o te whakatinanatanga o tona mahi tinana me ngā ihirangi o te whanonga-waha.

Ko te kōwae i konei ko te mahi kupu (te mahi), e kua te āhua o te pānga (te whakaaturia) me ahua, e ko te wahi o te whakahaere (tikanga). No reira, ka taea e tatou arä kōrero e pā ana ki "wetereo" ranei "te whakahua," tetahi atu whanonga rite kupu tika ngā i te wae aronganui etahi, kimi etahi pükenga ranei. Kei te tikanga te reira i roto ano tikanga: i te phonation me korero i roto i te kuputuhi - ki te kōrero. I roto i tetahi take, he mea te mahi o te tukanga takitahi o te whakapuaki, me te whakamahi reo mō te whaiaro faaiteraa-.

tukanga kupu

mahi a te tangata Independent, tona ahua motuhake - ko te whakamāramatanga o mahi kupu tenei. aroaro ratou te tukanga o whai take, kaha, e tika ana ki te āhuatanga me te reo autaki o kōrero, e te tuku te whiwhi reo karere i roto i te pāhekoheko o te tangata ki ētahi atu iwi ranei. Tenei huinga o ngā mahi ko te wahi o te mahi whānui - hinengaro, mahi, hei tauira, engari ka taea e te tīariari takitahi. Heoi, ko te tukanga o te kupu me te mahi kupu kore he longo. Ngohe - he tukanga tonu, engari he tukanga - e kore e mahi tonu. "Hello pehea e koe?", He Mikitama, hei tauira, Lermontov, te taki, te issuance o te kaiako tauira ranei tirohanga o te kāinga me te rota atu - mahi kupu, engari e kore e te mahi, me te kore te tukanga. Ki te wehewehe i waenganui i hiahia enei ariā ki te whakaaro i te whānui o ngā kōwhiringa mō te tātari.

1. whakahaere Structural (waho, me te ä-).

2. Te nama take ihirangi hinengaro ranei.

whakaaro tatou i te pāhekoheko matatini o enei wāhanga katoa o ngā mahi kupu me te mahi o te perception, whakarongo, mahara, whakaaro. Tenei ka rapua e te tātaritanga o te wāhanga me ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga haere tonu e whai ake nei.

3. Obschefunktsionalnye pūhanga ngā mahi i roto i te āhuatanga hinengaro.

4. Ko te tae o ngā rōpū kōrero tini mea whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga roto, ki waho.

5. Analysis o te whakatinanatanga o te kotahitanga o te puka, me te ihirangi.

Te whakahaere hanganga ā-

kua oti te whakarite ngā mahi tangata, me te kupu, me tona wāhanga te ara ano - i roto i te toru ngā wāhanga:

• whakahihiko-wāhanga fakatupu;
• wāhanga rangahau;
• te wāhanga whakahaere.

He te whakatinanahia te pāhekoheko matatini ki te whakaputa i te hua o ngā mahi: te hiahia - fakaue'iloto - whāinga. toko Main mo te mahi o te tangata - te reira he hiahia, hiahia, hiahia. Ko te hiahia rawa, o te akoranga, e kore e tautuhi i te takotoranga o te mahi, engari ki te whakaaro o te fariiraa i te tino ki te kitea hoki ratou i te arotahi. Na riro te tumu parau te fakaue'iloto mo te mahi kupu, hihiri tauwehe.

Hinengaro me te Communication - ko te hiahia tonu me he puna nui o mahi kupu. whakatau hoki mana'o turai te āhua me akiaki o tūhono katoa maha ranei momo o mahi kupu. Ko te āhua o te tukanga kupu e kore e taea te whakamutu whakaaro, ko te tauira tuatahi mo te haonga roa, kua whanau i te ao whakaihiihi o mahara ki nga puku katoa me ngā matea, ngā ngākau nuitanga me manawa, pānga me kare tenei. I muri i te ia o te whakaaro timata ki te neke me te ka pā, i roto i te whakautu ki te pātai tonu: "He aha?" Hihiri rite te hau, hua i roto i te kapua o te whakaaro i roto i te nekehanga ki te maka i te ua kupu ora-hoatu.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua, me te tuatoru

Ko te wāhanga tuarua - te analytic-waihanga ranei te pakeke te rangahau - ako nga tikanga, te kaupapa, me te whākinga o nga āhuatanga kaupapa, hanga kōwhiringa me kumea pu i roto i te täoro o tikanga (tohenga, painting) mahi tohutoro kupu. Tenei e tīpakohia te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga, puka, me te whakatakoto o ratou ake tono (hoatu) whakaaro ki paturu te tukanga o te kōrero waha ranei. I roto i tenei wā, mahere, hōtaka, me te ä whakarite tikanga reo e wātea ana katoa me ngā tikanga o te kupu.

Ko te wāhanga tuatoru - whakatinana, whakahaere - e kore i taea te mārama, pērā i mahi he tangata whakarongo noa ranei pānui te tikanga. Na reira, kua wehea te toru o nga wāhanga ki e rua ngā wāhanga: te wāhanga whakahaere te faaroo me te nekeneke wāhanga whakahaere. Korero iwi (tautuhi kaha) he tonu atu i te faaroo: te ngō, te mita o te reo, me te pera i runga i. Te whakaaro i waenganui i aua wāhanga, he uaua ki te whiwhi whakamāramatanga mārama. Ko te kupu, mahi ia o mahi kupu tīmata tauihu tonu hanga mahere me ngā mahi motuhake, me te hua mutu ki te hua - pai kino ranei. Te tangata, maitai taukei i tenei pūnaha kōrero i hanga e nga pūkenga katoa reo, i whiwhi ai te hua kino te tino iti.

ihirangi kaupapa

Hinengaro, e ko, ko te ihirangi lalahi tino, i tetahi mahi kupu, a he reira ōrite ki te hanga hanganga o reira. Here ngā maha huānga, pērā i te kaupapa ake, nga moni e tika ana, taputapu āta tīpakohia me pera i runga i. whakaaro te kaupapa o te mahi kupu te rite taketake, no te mea whakatau te reira i te natura o te heke mai o te kōrero, me te e reira ko te hiahia tatou. E nehenehe te reira tetahi mea - sino, tūturu, a tae noa te tino (me e ko te kaupapa - rite tautuhia i runga: kua whakaaro reira rite te ahua o te whakaata o te ari o te mooni ki hononga, me ngā hononga katoa).

Speech mahi rite te mātauranga taumata-toru, te wahi i te toharite - hihiri, Me me whakaaro, te raro - te mahere kaupapa, me te taumata o runga - te whakahaere. E kore te mea te ihirangi kaupapa kaupapa iti nui, me te hua - e hono te mahi tino materializes ahanoa. Here te hua, rite te ātete ki ngā whakaaro (te ahanoa) kia kore e tino, e liliu tonu reira. Kuputuhi ranei tauākī - hua parakore o mahi kupu, objectified whakatakotoria nei o peculiarities hinengaro o te tumu parau.