He aha e nga wāhanga o tā te tukanga whakahaere? whakahaere tukanga Bases

Ko te rūraa o te take o ngā wāhanga whakahaere o te tukanga e tika ana ki te meka e tapahia ai puta noa nga mahi katoa o te whakahaere. Ka taea te whakaritea i te tōtika o ngā tukanga whakahaere ki te karaka. Debugged, me te mārama tikanga ka arahi ki nga hua whakamaheretia. Heoi, he pūnaha whakahaere pai āhuatanga e ngāwari - te kaha ki te urutau ki tikanga hou.

Ko te ngako o te whakahaere

I raro i te aronga o te ahanoa fakahu'unga arata'iraa (rauemi hinonga) ranei hinonga (tangata). Whakahaere o te tukanga ko te huinga o ngā momo rerekē o ngā mahi, te ruruku, tiaki o kia, e tika ana mō te mahi angitu o te hinonga, ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga, me te whanaketanga.

Ko te tukanga whakahaere ngā te otinga o ngā mahi rauhanga, me te rautaki:

• mahi e pā ana ki ngā tātai titau te pupuri au maite, ahanoa whakahaere te tapatahi, me te whai huatanga o te huānga;
• rautaki tā te whanaketanga, whakapai ake, me te pai huringa i roto i te āhua.

ngā tukanga whakahaere Āhuahira

He tonu me te hurihanga te tukanga mana. Kei a ia ko te mahi whakahaere, kaupapa, tikanga, me te hua whakamutunga. Whakahaere o tetahi ahanoa e pā ana ki te tukurua wā o ngā wāhanga motuhake o te mahi. pea tenei wāhanga kohinga me te tātari o ngā raraunga, whakatupuranga rongoā whakahaere, te whakahaere o tona mahi.

pai ake me te hangarau mana tukanga ki te whanaketanga o te whakahaere. Ki te roa te matenga te, mau faaotiraa, riro te tukanga whakahaere papû, tūpuku.

raupapa kati o ngā mahi whakahaere, korerotia ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga i huaina whakahaere huringa. Ko te timatanga o te huringa riro te tāututanga o te raruraru, te hua - paetae o ngā hua whakahaere. Auautanga o ngā tukanga whakahaere tauturu kitea noa mō ngā whakahaere o ngā pūkete rerekē ture me te mau parau tumu.

te mau parau tumu whakahaere

E whakahuatia Fundamentals o ngā tukanga whakahaere i roto i ngā o te mau parau tumu faufaa. He whāinga, me te hāngai ki te ture whakahaere ratou. Rārangi o te mau parau tumu whakahaere whānui e taea te kitea i roto i kore pukapuka iti. I roto ia ratou he:

• arotahi;
• urupare;
• mōhiohio faafariuraa;
• optimality;
• opuaraa.

hāngai ana pūnaha Hanganga me te whakahaere mahi i runga i te maha o te mau parau tumu rerekē.

Whakatinanatanga o te mau parau tumu whakatairanga te whakakotahitanga whai hua o ngā mahi whakahaere, te whakakaha here i ngā taumata katoa o tinana whakahaere.

mahi whakahaere

mahi ngaio o ngā kaiwhakahaere āta whakaata mahi whakahaere.

Na roto i te āhua o te mahi tohatoha mahi ki te kia tono i roto i ngā wāhi e pā ana ki te hanga, wahi ōhanga, te ōhanga, hangarau.

wehea Henri Fayol nga mahi whakahaere whakahaere ahumahi ki 6 ngā rōpū: whakahaere, arumoni, ahumahi, pūtea, inihua, me te kaute ngā mahi.

tukanga Whakahaere kaupae

haere tahi katoa mahi whakahaere, me te whakatau e te kotahitanga o te mōhiohio, whāinga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te hapori. Ko te ngako o te whakahaere whakaata te huringa whakahaere, e taea te kanohi rite te huinga o kaupae.

Ko te tukanga whakahaere ngā kaupae e hohoko tonu.

I tua atu ki enei takahanga, te mana tukanga ngā takahanga mo te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere whakatau.

7 ngā wāhanga o te tukanga whakahaere rauemi tangata

tangata raruraru whakahaere rauemi i roto i te kanorau. ngā tukanga whakahaere kaimahi o e whitu ngā wāhanga.

• Whakamahere mō te kaimahi mahi katoa o te hinonga.
• Whai wāhi o te kaimahi, hanganga o rahui kaimahi, kōwhiringa me te utu.
• hihiri Reipa. Te hanga rauemi (utu, mōhio) me te pūnaha hihiri kore-pūtea mo te hanganga o te rōpū pūmau.
• urutaunga o te pūnaha o te arata'iraa umanga, me te kaimahi. Ka rite ki te hua, kua ki te hohoro te tiki ki te mahi, ki te mohio opuaraa rangatōpū, ki matau i te āhua me ngā whakaritenga o te mahi katoa.
• Aromātai o ngā kaimahi, me te mahi. Aromatawai o te mōhiotanga me te pūkenga ki te mahi tōtika. pūnaha aro mātai mahi, me te whakamōhio ia rōpū rite te katoa.
• Pokarekarenga, mahi whakamahere, i ngā kaimahi hurihanga.
• Whakangungu ki te whakakapi i te upoko. whakangungu atu o ngā kaimahi whakahaere.

Tōtika tukanga whakahaere rauemi tangata e taea waho te whanaketanga me te whakapai ake o te aravihi ngaio o kaimahi. riro tino i roto i te hanga, me te hua tenei take.

whakahaere kaupapa

Ko te tukanga whakahaere kaupapa ko te huinga o ngā mahi, me ngā mahi motuhake.

Ka taea e tatou whakatau tata i te kaupapa katoa me ia kaiwhakaari, mā te whakamahi i te maha o ngā tohu. Ko te nui, te wā, me te kounga o te mahi i roto i te runga ki nga ngā o te rōrahi o ngā rauemi haumi (rauemi, pūtea), te tokotoko o te rōpū kaupapa, te taumata whakatau tata o te mōrearea tenei.

E pā ana te tukanga whakahaere kaupapa ki te mahi e whai ake nei:

• waihanga o ngā whāinga kaupapa;
• Rapu me te kōwhiringa o rongoā taea hoki te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa;
• te hanga i tētahi hanganga (kapa whakahaere, ngā rauemi, te wā me te pūtea);
• hononga ki te taiao;
• whakahaere ārahitanga rōpū me te ruruku o te ahunga whakamua mahi.

whakahaere mōhiohio

Ko Information he tinana o te matauranga, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tetahi ngā, meka, tītohunga tukanga ranei. Te mōhiohio whakahaere production ko te tikanga e tika ana o te kōrero, kōrero i waenganui i ngā kaimahi.

Ko te tūranga o te kōrero i roto i te pūnaha mana e tika ana ki tona ringa rehe e. Ko reira e kore anake te ahanoa me hua o te mahi whakahaere, engari ano hoki he fakakātoa 'o te pūnaha whakahaere kāwanatanga, taiao roto, o waho.

tukanga whakahaere pārongo ko nga takahanga o kohinga, tuku, te faafariuraa, te tukatuka me te mōhiohio tono. Ka rite ki te motuhake tukanga ko tohaina te rokiroki, me te whakangaromanga o nga kātipa turanga.

whakahaere o mōreatanga

e kore te mea he hui kotahi-atu, engari he tikanga tamau whakahaere Risk i tetahi kamupene. kua meinga whakahaere mōrearea te taahiraa whakahaere pakihi, kahore nei e kore e taea ki te hanga i te pai, te whakatutuki i te whāinga. Kei roto i te tukanga whakahaere mōrearea o rima hikoinga ki mahi.

I roto i te mahi, e kore e whakamana i enei tukanga tonu i roto i te raupapa, ranei kia whakamana ai te wā kotahi.

kia kō atu i te pikitia whānui ki urupare mo ia o nga wāhanga, te tikanga o te hoki, ki te tika, ki te atamira mua. hono te atamira whakamutunga te ki te ahu, me te aromatawai whakamutunga. kia whakamahia te hua ka mahi i runga i te aromatawai me te whakaiti tūponotanga i roto i te heke mai.

whakahaere production hangarau

pūnaha mana Tukanga e ti'aturi i runga i te anga whakahaere, māngai nei i roto i ngā wheketere hou i roto i toru taatou.

• ara centralized ki te whakahaere tā arotahi mahi i roto i te tari. I runga i te whakanao rawa i reira ko anake he rārangi aratohu. Na reira, ko te hāngai anake ki production-tauine iti centralization.
• Decentralization - hanganga o te tukanga mana e pā ana ki te tuku o nga toa mahi katoa. Awheawhe he wae tetahi wahi motuhake.
• Ko te huinga o ngā pūnaha centralized me wehenga whakamahia e te nuinga o ngā kamupene ahumahi. take whakahaere e whakatauria i roto i te toa tari ranei, me te whakahaere me te tikanga mana kounga e hoki tari whakahaere. Awheawhe i to ratou ake taputapu whakahaere me te arahi i te katoa tukanga.

whakahaere pūtea

kia whakaaturia pūnaha whakahaere pūtea noa i roto i te kamupene iti, me ngā kore anake o kaute. Ko tā te tukanga whakahaere e rima ngā wāhanga o te mahi pūtea.

tukanga whakahaere Analysis

Ko te whakaaro matua o te tātari whakahaere ko ki te whakarato mōhiohio ārahitanga ki te hanga whakatau mōhio. Kei roto te reira i tātaritanga o ngā wāhi e toru:

• Retrospective (tūhura mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā mahi o mua);
• whakahaere (tātari āhuatanga o nāianei);
• tirohanga (wā poto-a tātari rautaki o ngā āhuatanga ka taea i roto i te heke mai).

Te whakapai ake te kāwanatanga

Kei te whanganga hāngai te tukanga o te whakapai ake i te whakahaere o te pūnaha i runga i te whakahaere, te mahi kaute i raraunga. I roto i te tikanga ki te arotake i te whaihua he tika ki te tātai i te maha o ngā āhuatanga: mana, te taumata o te aunoatanga o mahi, utu o mahi, tōtika te whakahaere utu, te whakahaere tōtika, hua.

Te whakapai ake i te whakahaere o te pūnaha - ko reira he tukanga mooni mo te whakahaere angitu. I tenei wā, ngā te tukanga mana, hei tauira:

1) pūnaha whakahaere arotake;

2) manatokonga o hanganga ture ki te ture me ngā paerewa o te ao, te Bank o tūtohutanga Russia;

3) te whanaketanga o mehua ki te whakapai ake i te pūnaha whakahaere, me te whakahōu tuhinga ā-;

4) mahi tahi ki te Poari Whakahaere me te whai pānga o te hanganga o ngā rerenga kōrero.

Ko te āhua o te hapori, me te ōhanga o nāianei whai wāhi ki ö te whakahaere, me te ngaio o te kaiwhakahaere. Hoki te upoko i reira he mahi kaha tūturu i runga i te whanaketanga o ngā kaimahi, te rauemi matua o te kamupene. mohio kaiwhakahaere angitu pehea ki te titiro ki te heke mai, ngāwari i roto i-whakatau i ngā whakaritenga i te unpredictability oti o te taiao.