Haurongo o Archimedes. ngā āhuatanga kōhure o Archimedes

Ko te pūtaiao tawhito Kariki Archimedes ko te ma'imi, mathematician, kaihoahoa, kaipūkaha, ahupūngao, arorangi me te mīhini. i whakaturia e ia he aronga pērā i te ahupūngao pāngarau. Ano, kua whakawhanakehia kairangahau ara o te kimi i te buka, papa me ngā wāhi o ngā tinana me tau, faaineine i te tuanaki wāhi. Ko ia te kaituhi o whakaaro maha. Ki te ingoa o te pūtaiao e pā ana ki te ahua o nga ture hua, te whakataki o te wā "pokapū o te mahara" me te rangahau i roto i te mara o hydrostatic. A, no te patua nga Roma Hairakuha, kamupene korero engineering rave i roto i te pa, ko te Archimedes.

I roto i te mau taime o te hangarau tiketike, me ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao, kua taunga ki te kite i te paetae rite tahi mea noa, ite ore ki te meka e te pūtake o te matauranga tīariari whakatakotoria e mataotao tawhito tatou. Ko ratou nga pionie. Na ko na poto Archimedes o Hairakuha i te katoa. I muri whakapumautia e ia te nuinga o ratou ake whakaaro ki mahi. E whakamahia pai matou to'utangata i te mahi, ahakoa kahore noa e mohio ko wai ko ratou kaituhi. Haurongo o Archimedes ki kua ora anake i ngā pakiwaitara me haamana'oraa. whakahere matou ki a koutou waia ki taua mea.

Childhood me te mātauranga

whanau Archimedes, he haurongo poto ka e kia aroaro i raro, i roto i Hairakuha a tawhio noa 287 BC. e. Orua tona tamarikitanga ki te wā ka aroraa Kingi Piru whawhai ki nga Carthaginians me nga Roma, e ngana ana ki te waihanga i tētahi momo hou o te kāwanatanga Kariki. Rawa whakanuia i roto i tenei whawhai Hiero - he whanaunga o Archimedes, e riro te rangatira o Hairakuha. Phidias (papa o te tamaiti) ko te āwhiwhi Hieron. Tenei whakahohea ia ki te hoatu i te mātauranga pai ki Archimedes. Otiia kihai i whai nui ariā te tangata taitama, a ka haere ia ki Arehanaria, i i i taua wa he pokapū pūtaiao. Here, nga Ptolemies - te rangatira o Ihipa - kua kohia nga karaipi Kariki pai me te whakaaro o te wā. i roto i Alexandria hoki ko te whare pukapuka nui i roto i te ao, te wahi kua roa ako Archimedes pāngarau me mahi o Eudoxus, Democritus, me ētahi atu I roto i aua tau, ua faahoa te kairangahau heke mai te arorangi Conon, matawhenua me te mathematician Eratotene. Na ka arahina e ia a ratou ki te wahi o te reta.

tikanga tuatahi

I muri i ako Archimedes, he haurongo poto mohiotia nei ki kaipūtaiao katoa, ka hoki ia ki a Hairakuha, a riro te tūranga o Phidias - marae arorangi. tae Nā Hiero i roto i te rangimarie. Ki te whiwhi i roto o te whai wāhitanga i roto i te Tuatahi Punic War, utua ana e ia he herenga nui ki Roma. I roto i te "History General" fakamatala'i Polybius reira tenei ara: "haere mai Hiero ki te mana, me kore rongo ranei taonga, e kore tetahi mea homai o whakarau. kihai i kino ia ia, kihai i peia atu, e kore e whakamate, engari kia rite ki te nui rite 54 tau te ture ... "Heoi, Hieron, rite ana mono, tukinotia ki te aro nui ki te whakapakari o te pa i roto i te faaineineraa no te aroraa hōia taea.

mahi pūtaiao

i taimaha Tūnga arorangi, a ko noa ki te whai wāhi i roto i te tahi atu mahi Archimedes. I roto i ngā ariā o ana akoranga i matamaha. I oti rawa mahi te tuatahi o Archimedes ki te rehe. okioki ia ki runga ki taua mea, a roto i te tahi mau pepa pāngarau. Hei tauira, e whakamahia ana te kairangahau te parau tumu hua ki te whakaoti i etahi raruraru āhuahanga. hanga e ia whakatau pāngarau whakaraupapahia i roto i te mahi "I te taurite o tau plane." Ko tēnei mahi o te pūtaiao, kua meinga te kokonga "squaring unahi" (tuanaki wāhi), i ka whakatuwhera i 2000 tau. A i roto i te pukapuka "I whanganga porohita" kairangahau tātai ōwehenga o te diameter o te porohita ki tona roa, ranei i roto i nga kupu atu, te pi tau (3.14). I tua atu, katoa te whakamahi i tonu ana ingoa pūnaha tau tōpu whakaaro.

whakatutukitanga pūtaiao

whakaahua ana Haurongo Archimedes rua o ana whakatutukitanga pūtaiao tino nui: te ako o te pokapū o te mahara, me te waihanga o te parau tumu o te hua. whakatakotoria ano e ia nga turanga o hydrostatics. Anake i roto i te mutunga o 16, me te tīmatanga o te rau tau 17, i whakawhanakehia enei whakaaro Pascal, Galileo, Stevin me ētahi atu pūtaiao e whakamahia te parau tumu Archimedes ', fakamatala'i ia i roto i tona mahi "I tinana māngi". Tenei mahi ko te nganatanga tuatahi ki te whakamātau i roto i ngā mahi i te whakapae tefito e pā ana ki te hanganga o te mea na roto i te te hanga i te tauira. Archimedes whakamatauria e kore anake e rave rahi tikanga nui o nga āhuatanga tinana o te ngota i te wai, engari whakapumautia ano he maha o ngā whakaaro atomistic o Democritus. I roto i tenei mahi, whakakitea te kairangahau poto pūtaiao ki te kaha ngā. Ana hua taea whakamatau anake i roto i te rau tau 19.

atu akoranga

Ka rite ki te haurongo o Archimedes, anake rehe, ahupūngao me te pāngarau, i mahi ia i roto i tuku kōrero METEOROLOGICAL me āhuahanga. Ano, puritia te kaipūtaiao, he raupapa o ngā i runga i te ata tāhapa o te marama. He he taunakitanga rahi e tuhituhi Archimedes he tuhinga nui - "Catoptrics", engari kāore, e kore kua i tiaki ai. I runga i te pūtake o taua te toe irava e riro ai e te imi i mohio pānga hei tahutahu o te arotahi hakoko i hakoko o ngā whakahaere marama i roto i te hau, me te wai taiao, me ano hoki i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o ngā whakaahua i roto i te kōpapa, ohu nei me whakaata flat. Haunga ora torokī kotahi anake ture tauwehe whakakite ana i te kurupae whakaata marama i te whakaata te koki o pā ōrite te koki o te whakaata.

whakamarumaru Hairakuha

Te whakatuwhera Archimedes i roto i te engineering kawea ia te rongo te nuinga, i whiti te rohe e kore whenua anake, engari ano hoki senituli. Lelei whakakitea tona pukenga engineering ano i roto i 214 BC. e. i roto i te whakapaenga o tona Hairakuha Māori. Archimedes ki tuawhitu tana tekau tau. Ko reira tetahi o nga mahi tika rahi i roto i te ora o te kaiputaiao. Here whakanuia e ia ia kia rite ki te ihi kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te kaihanga tino. Te tangata e matau e ngā nga hanganga tawhito o taiepa totoka. eke Archimedes i roto i o ratou loopholes me loopholes hangaia mō te a'ee waenganui me te raro. hanga ia i roto i te rangimarie, whakaaetia whawhai waka ki te tiaki i Hairakuha i te Roma ki te patu i hoki tau e toru.

tau tata nei

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ko kanapa, me te kukū te ora pūtaiao o Archimedes. I roto i nga tau tata nei, i whai wāhi ia i roto i te mahi computationally-arorangi. Tit Livy (kaituhi Roma) ka karanga ia "tetahi o te kaimātakitaki ahua o nga whetu, me te rangi." A ahakoa kahore i tae matou tetahi tetahi tohi arorangi o Archimedes, e kore matou e taea ruarua te pono o tenei āhuatanga. Mō akomanga whakapumautia tenei ahua o te mahi e te aamu o te ao tiretiera i hanga e ia, me te tuhinga roa "te Sand Reckoner", kei hea e ngana ana aivanaa ki te tatau i te maha o purapura o onepu i roto i te ao.

I roto i tona mahi i te kairangahau ko te kau e taea te pēnei ki te "kitea o te kāwai Archimedes '. Ko te pūtaiao tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao whakaritea nga pūnaha e rua o te ao - te Inikisisio me geocentric. tuhituhi Archimedes: "te nuinga o aivanaa whakapono e te ao - hainatia te pōro ki waenganui i te whenua, me te pokapū o te ra." Ko te kupu, ko te mōhio o te āhuatanga o te ao ia, ka mohio e he tahuti ia. Tenei tukua nga kairangahau ki te kawea ratou tātaitanga ki te mutunga.

mutunga

mutu tenei te haurongo o Archimedes. puta ia i mua ia tatou hei kaipūkaha, kairangahau, theorist me popularizer o pūtaiao. Ko te huinga o te whakaaro mahi ki taranata pāngarau me ngā pūkenga whakahaere i taua wa ko te rarity. I roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao ka haere mai Archimedes rite te tauira e tiaho o te kairangahau nei i taea e ki feongoongoi ngā ariā ki te mahi. Papau, ko ia he pūtaiao hi'oraa maitai, ki nei he mea tika ki te tango i te tauira ki ētahi atu whakatupuranga o kairangahau. kihai i te Archimedes ahupūngao pāngarau whakaarohia tino mohio a ranei ana uri, e kore nga pūtaiao o te Middle. A, no te whakaaro e pā ana ki te kairangahau, i mua o te wa, e ko Archimedes i roto ia ratou te record. Anake i roto i te rau tau 16-17 i taea ki te ite i te faufaa, me te hiranga o ana takoha pūtaiao mathematicians Pākehā. Mai reira, i te mataotao Kariki maha kau muimui me inapō, tahu ki te hiahia ki te whakamatau ratou ake ariā o hua raima. Na inaianei, i roto i te mahara o te pūtaiao maramarama nei i hanga te kitea, faahiti te taua tangi e Archimedes: "Eureka! Kua kitea e ahau. "