Fingerprinting - DNA profiling ko ...

Heoi te tangata rau tona tohu nga wahi katoa tupu: pūtau kiri, makawe, huware. Na nga pūtau o te kiriwaho tonu, ahakoa i roto i rahinga iti, te tuku ngaro: ko te werawera, me te hinu. Ko i to ratou utu, me i reira he matimati i runga i ngā kaupapa pāngia katoa. he ahurei hoki te tangata ia ratou tauira. Na i reira mahi fingerprinting, a he aha e taea e te reira whai hua?

ngako

Fingerprinting - he pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te tuhi papillary, e ko, te hunga tutaki i te kiri e nga tangata i a ratou maihao. I tua atu, tukanga o te tautuhi o te tā o enei rārangi pera-ka karanga. Ko te take i he ahurei hoki te tangata ia ratou, ka kei i runga i te katoa, he aha te tangata mo. Ko te aha te mea he tikanga pai o te tuakiri, kaua ohie, me te whai hua ki te whakamahi te ao.

papamuri hītori

I te tīmatanga, i karangatia te ariā o te fingerprinting rite te wāhanga trasologii ki te tākuta Parata F. Lattsinoy i 1894. e kore te mea I mua i i whakamahia katoa kia whai ngakau wā "iknafalangometriya". Na ka fingerprinting tikanga me to ratou whakamahinga i roto i te pūtaiao whare whakawā te whati. i hoatu tika Scientific hoki reira te kaihōpara rongonui English Francis Galton, ka whakawhanakehia tona whakaaro kei te me te whānui hoatu tuatahi ki te mahi Juan Vucetich. whakawhanakehia e ia te whakarōpū o tānga, a muri mai - i te pūnaha rēhita tapumati motuhake i roto i te tahi mau fenua no Amerika Apatoa. Heoi hanga taea te tāututanga o te iwi i roto i te ara o nga tānga papillary - tetahi o nga taputapu taketake o te mātauranga taihara hou.

He uaua ki te mea e o te pūtaiao whakahuatia i hoatu te hiringa nui ki tenei pūtaiao, rite fingerprinting. Ko te take e maha ai te rota o te tautohe no te mea whakamatauria Galton o iwi e tapumati ōrite rerekē pāngarau taea, a tino ngä Vucetich te tāutu o te raruraru ano tenei. Te nuinga pea, i roto i te meka, te takaro he wāhi nui ko te huinga o enei whakatutukitanga.

DNA profiling

Ki te i raro i fingerprinting noa mohio ki, he aha te whakamahia i konei? Ko reira kitea e te tātaritanga o DNA. Ko reira nui atu i ahuareka ai, me te mea pau. Ki te fingerprinting tikanga e taea te aro ki etahi hapa, kei te tata whakakorea te hapa no te mea he ahurei te DNA o te tangata ia. whakawhanakehia tikanga genotyping i roto i 1984 e te rōpū o kairangahau arahina e Alex Dzheffresa. ka rongonui ia no te mea i whakamahia ai i roto i ētahi wā taihara kati, me te rite i roto i te ohipa e whai wāhi mai i te kaitākaro whutupaoro OJ. Simpson i roto i 1995.

technique

hanga i tēnei tikanga tuakiri i taea e te hanganga motuhake o te DNA tangata. Te meka e pā ana ki 95% o nga rāpoi ngota e he waehere-kore, e kore i.e. e kawe mōhiohio iranga, engari i roto i te raupapa auau, e taea te horahia atu i ia atu kia tata ranei. Ko te reira i roto i te take whakamutunga, kua karangatia e ratou āmiorangi. Ko te tokomaha o aua roto ratou e taea e tino rerekē, me ki te tango koe i te iwi rerekē, e kore he reira whai ki te ōrite.

He tautau i roto i te mea iti rawa te maha o raupapa - kua huaina ratou paku-āmiorangi. A i roto i te wahi etahi i roto i te DNA o te tangata ia e rua taua hanganga, tetahi i ia matua. DNA profiling Ko te tātari o ēnei paku-āmiorangi. Na roto i te mea e ahei ki rawaka tika ki te tautuhi i te tangata, e no ki te DNA. I teie mahana, tenei tikanga nui te tūranga taua rite nga matimati kotahi. Otiia, ki te taea te taihara mua horoia whakatupatotanga, e kore e waiho tetahi ahua o te wahi tinana o tona noho, e ko, matūriki o te kiri, toto, huware, makawe, a na i runga i. E., He tata taea.

tika

DNA profiling rerekē tika rawa tiketike, e ko, i raro i etahi paerewa e kore e rerekē te maha o ngā hua whakamātautau whiwhi i roto i ngā taiwhanga rerekē. I runga i te whanaketanga o etahi ture noa ki katoa o tenei momo o te rangahau, ko te inaianei tika te mahi i runga i.

Ka rite ki hoki te tika, he hokiate te tūponotanga o tāpiritanga o te mongamonga DNA tātarihia i te iwi rerekē. Kei te mea te reira e te tūponotanga o reira teitei ki te e korero tatou e pā ana ki whanaunga tata, ka kia rite i roto i tetahi take ratou hua. I tua atu, i te tika o te genotyping he nui pānga te kounga o te rauemi. Ko reira kotahi mea - ki te haere fingerprinting, e ko te ki kia whakamatauria noa, me tetahi atu rawa - ki te ngana ki te tutakina DNA i te topata o te toto maroke huware ranei.

tono hou

He he he whānuitanga iti o āhuatanga i roto i nei kia whai hua ai he tukanga taua. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko te wāhi o te kino tenei. Ka taea te whakamatauria he o pea, mo te tauira, ki te e kitea pūtau kiri i raro i te maikuku te ōrite pārurenga, DNA ki reira o. Hoki DNA profiling whare whakawā - he tino kitea, te āwhina ki te tautuhi i te tuakiri o te hamani.

He maha o te tahi atu mau tupuraa e rapua e te faaineineraa o te DNA-pūkete, tenei tautohe e pā ana ki whakamatuatanga matua, me te tupu. I roto i ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua riro enei whakamātautau tino rongonui, me te wātea.

I tua atu, whakamahia genotyping e tohunga tikanga ki te whakapapa i te hītori, me te hononga o ngā iwi. Na roto i te tātari i te DNA o te tangata hou i hanga i ngā āhuatanga ngā me whakapae.

I te pae hopea, whakamahia tenei tikanga i roto i tupuranga kararehe ki te whakaū i te viivii ore o te momo aroturuki ranei o te kanorau ira.

Hea a me pehea ki te mahi?

haere ngāwari Fingerprinting. E mea ohie roa, me te tino tukanga ongonoa. Hei timata ki maihao hipoki ki te tae motuhake, a ka hanga tānga i runga i te pepa. Heoi, i roto i te pūtahi maha whakahaere reira he scan rorohiko o ngā tauira papillary - taea reira ki a koe kia whakakahoretia o fifi, aru i te whakarorohikotanga.

Mai i 2015 ki te mamae he tika tenei tukanga i roto i te hanga i roto i Russia o whakatupuranga uruwhenua hou. I tua atu, ka tono, mo te tauira, he uruwhenua Ingarangi, Me hoki koe ki te kia fingerprinted. Ko taea e koe i te reira noa - noa haere ki te peka tata o te Federal Hekenga Ratonga.

Ki te reira te mea he pātai e pā ana ki te wahi ki te tuu i te fingerprinting DNA, i reira te mea he ara ki pūtahi motuhake hauora. Ka rite ki te whakaiti o te utu whakamātautau me te tohatoha e hiahiatia ana mo tona taputapu ite taua whare kei te tipu. Ko reira, hei tauira, te Center mo rāpoi Genetics, te wahi e taea te whiwhi te hua i roto i te wiki mahi o 10-20 mano moni, me te Institute Rangahau o Medical Genetics, te wahi e utu te tātari e pā ana ki te nui ano. te tikanga ko te rauemi toto ranei buccal epithelium (pani, tangohia nei i te roto o nga paparinga). E mea papû e te mea ano hoki te kinokore, me te ngā mamae kore tenei tukanga.

take matatika

He maha o te ture whakapono e te hanga o te pūnaha ngā te tapumati rauemi ira ranei kaimahi kino e kore anake tangata e noho-ture mau, engari ano hoki, he anga ke ki ngā tika tangata faufaa, i roto i te take o te tųkinotanga ki amohia e enei ngā tukanga. I roto i te āwangawanga whānui ko te mea kiano i matao-i roto i te pātengi raraunga kotahi, e titauhia te whakaurunga ki te mōhiohio matatapu taea, rite DNA profiling - ko rawa tenei he uruwhenua DNA, a kia kore noa e taua mōhiohio i roto i te rohe whānui.

I tua atu, i te kohinga me te whakahōu tamau o te pātengi raraunga taua - te pai rawa utu, me te utu e hinga ki runga ki nga pokohiwi o kaiutu mārama. Ka rite ki mahi ao, me te Russian, hanga ana e ia tikanga ki te whakawhāiti i te porohita o tangata mo nei e waha fingerprinting kaimahi herea hōia, tari uruhi ture, pononga tivira, a, o te akoranga, mau te taviniraa i te hopu whakahaere ranei. Hoki te toenga o te tikanga o te fingerprinting tuku o rauemi ira ranei kia tino noa.