Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov: hītori, whakaahua me arotake

I te ngakau o te pa, i runga i te take Chernigov, nui temepara hukarere-ma. Kei te karaunatia ia ki rima domes me pourewa o te hanga koeke. Tenei tohu ahurei o te timatanga o te tekau ma tahi te rau tau - te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov.

rā ngā

Hoki te wa roa, ko te hahi Siu te matamua i roto i ngā hanganga rite mai nga wa rangatira. O te akoranga, ko reira he pātai o te hunga e ora. Heoi, kua whakaaturia rangahau tata e te matamua ko Cathedral o St. Sophia, kī e whakaturia te muri i roto i 1011 nei ngā kaimahi hoki i roto i te 2010. Ka rite ki tohu kawea ratou maha inscriptions i runga i ona taiepa. Ahakoa ko tenei putanga tonu e kore e tino whakapumautia, engari whakapono etahi kairangahau e te tau, ka whakaturia te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernihiv i - 1036-th.

History o hanga

I roto i 1024 i riro i te rongonui Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry te pakanga kaiakiri roa ka timata ki te nui whakawhānui tona rangatiratanga. totoro ana whenua i Sivershchyna ki te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus. I tenei wa i roto i te rohe Dneshnego Castle Detintsa rite te huaina ana a reira i teie nei ranei, ka anga ki te hanga i te marae o te rangatira rawa nui. Tenei matatini ko te hanganga pokapū ko te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov, tona hītori He mea paihere ki te hītori o Kievan Rus.

Ko reira mōhiotia e i roto i te taua tau mate tona kaiwhakarewa. I te wa o tona matenga, i nga taiepa o te temepara, rite kitea e nga Chroniclers, i kua whakaarahia ki te teitei o wha mita.

Oti kē i roto i te kingitanga o Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, he tino ataahua Faahuru Cathedral i Chernihiv ko te whare matua o te whenua. Ko reira konei e puritia maha ata merekara-mahi onge, pukahu o te hunga tapu.

I muri i te matenga o Prince Toa, tona kaiwhakarewa, ki hanga o te whare karakia atu ka mau i nga rangatira katoa. I tohatoha ratou ki te hanga o te hahi o St. Novgorod Sofia. Na reira, oti te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernihiv i anake i roto i te waenganui o te tekau ma tahi te rau tau.

uara

Hoki tata e iwa rau tau ko reira he karakia mo te pīhopatanga rohe. I i titiro ia rite te pokapū o te ora tūmatanui, me te pāpori. I raro i ona haurangi maha o nga rangatira, me te rangatira wairua e tanumia. Here te pukahu o Prince Mstislav te Toa me Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych ko ana tama Oleg ko Gleb. I roto i te 1246 i konei i tanumia nga kaiwhakaatu tapu Mikaera ko Fedor. Heoi, i roto i te 1572-m, i te tikanga o Ivan te whakamataku, kia kua i kawea e ratou ki a Moscow.

Ētahi kairangahau whakapono e ko tenei te wahi i tanumia ia Prince Ikoa - te hero o "Te Tale o Campaign o Ikoa". kingi ia Chernigov i 1198 th ki tau 1201-th. Tenei e tanumia nga hierarchs o te pīhopatanga rohe Lazar Baranavichy me Ambrose Dubkevich. I roto i te wā o Russia tawhito i roto i te Cathedral ko tetahi o te tino, ngā ata pea, wehi i roto i Russia - Smolensk Icon o te Mother o te Atua, Hodegetria ranei. Heoi, i muri i te ia Vladimir Monomakh oho te wahi tiketike ki Smolensk.

Tiro General

Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov, e whakaatu ana i te mahere nui nui mo te paerewa Russian tawhito - 18,25h27 mita - te hanganga e toru-temepara ki toru apses me ono amo, hanga e rave rahi taime. I roto i te tenetere waru, me te tekau ma iwa, mo te tauira, kua i overbuilt rua pourewa. A, i muri anake i ka te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernihiv tona ahua reira.

huri noa te paenga o te paruru he aua marae huatau tino uaua i hanga o pereki huna tata. Whakapaipai pou taketake, ai roto i te taumata tohanga tuatahi - ngā flat, te mea i roto i te tuarua - te āhua.

Ko pono ahurei whakamahere mokowā, i te mea te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov (hopoi mai whakaahua reira te kāinga nga tangata, e haere mai ana ki te pa),. Tenei hanganga taketake kore e nohoia e tetahi mau hiero i tahito ra.

whakakitea nga karikari e nga koki rawhiti ki te whare matua i honoa ki te whare karakia iti, kihai i nei i ora ki te ra nei. Na i tenei ra, te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov, whakaahua i te tohu o te utu, kahore ratou.

E kore tiaki pourewa tawhio me tata ki te taha ki te raki o te whakamahau. arahina ia i te e'a taiwhanga. A i te tonga i tuatahi i piri trehapsidny hahi iti, i ko te bapetizoraa. Ano, ka i roto i 1239 te whare karakia i roto i te whakaekenga o te Tatars i tata whakangaromia, hinga haurangi me domes.

Ko te otinga hoahoanga

Cathedral Liliú i roto i te kāhua Chernigov i te he pūhui o taiawhio ripeka-dome temepara Byzantine ki etahi āhuatanga o Basilica whaiāipo tino ataahua. I roto i te tukanga o te hanga i te ariki whakamahia te hangarau o aua marae whakauru. I te wa ano ki te plinth mo te hoahoanga Russian Old ko te pereki tinana kikokore āhuatanga - i whakamahia te kohatu tūturu. Architects e kua ako te parau tumu, me te hanga o te hangarau, tenei rongopai tuhia e te otinga whai hua o te whare karakia te maere mārama, tata tino.

Ko te pānga o te wā

Hoki tata kotahi mano nga tau o te hītori o tenei tohu ahurea tawhito Nōna ka tokomaha whakangaromanga me te hanga hou. I roto i te tau i te mau Chernigov i 1239 i te ope o Khan Mangu, kua pehia te karakia he looting oti. E ai ki te kōrero, kei te ki konei katia reira, ārai, te kaiwawao whakamutunga o te pa hinga. Defense arahina Chernigov Prince Mstislav. Tana wahine, i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te taka ki roto ki nga ringa o te hoariri, peke i nga matapihi o te pourewa whero o te whare karakia.

I oho kite Pīhopa i Chernigov i te pa o Bryansk. Ko anake i roto i te 1675 - ka Archbishop Raharuhi Baranovichi - timata ki te kia kawea i roto i te mahi anō. Na ka i Apse overbuilt.

hangaia anō

I muri i te whakariterite anō tino o te hahi i kawea i roto i roto i 1791-1798, aua, i muri i te ahi, ka ka pakaru rawatia te whare. i i tenei wa, i ngaro te reira e rave rahi frescoes Russian tawhito.

tuhituhi Chroniclers e i roto i 1783-m roto i Chernihiv i haere Potemkin, ko wai te mea nui atu hiahia i roto i tenei karakia. kua rite ki te hua o tona tono mo hanga kua tohaina moni. Heoi, kāore, te hanganga o te neke atu i whara te temepara. meinga reira taua kino kihai nei i taea e ara hoatu i te whakangaromanga o mua katoa.

Na i runga i ia taha o te Cathedral o rua pourewa oka i tapiritia reira. Ko tenei ki te hoatu i te karakia tetahi tetahi faitatau ki te hahi. I tua atu, te mahi ratou rite te nekehanga.

roto

Ko te roto o te Cathedral ua huinga nui, me te tino o verticals ki horizontals. Ngā utu te whakahua he pukahu tawhito pērā i frescoes me reliefs i runga i parapets kanikani, me te tīmatanga whakatakotoria tīwae. Kia aroha mai, kihai i toe katoa o te whakapaipai whare mua-Mongol, me aha ka tae ki a tatou, i ora i roto i te whatiwhatinga me titiro tawhiti pai. Ko te wahi matua o nga peita roto ngaro e ahi i roto i te rau tau waenganui-waru.

nekehia atu fresco rongonui "Ōrite ki te mau Aposetolo Thecla" i roto i te 30-doma o nga mua, a ka i whakangaromia ai i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. tu te torutoru, engari rawa tawhito peita toe wahi i roto i raro i uaua ki te kite i te ahua o nga frescoes rautau tekau mā iwa. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i anō-pania te roto o te whare karakia i roto i te 1820-m, me te hawhe rau i muri whakahoutia. I reira patua te reira i tuhinga tawhito.

Ka rite ki te hua o ngā tūhuratanga i roto i te whare karakia i kitea nga wahi wäriu o witi, i hanga i ngā wā rerekē. ngā paninga Original o papa o papa tuhi, i roto i nei tāmau tuhi i mosaic ka ki. Ko tētahi o ona āhuatanga matua he porowhita concentric. Tuatahi, whariki te aata roto te papa i ki tāpa ngingilá uku. Heoi, i roto i te tekau ma rua o te rau tau i whakakapi i te reira e te poraka ūkui maeneene. O te uara ngā i roto i te āhuatanga ahurea, me te hītori i reliefs ūkui i runga i nga ropu e taiepa.

Ko te roto o te ruma elongated maitai fakatahai ki ona whakamahau moenga i roto e rere ki te wāhi kikorangi. Puta noa ratou roa i rite rawa tuatahi reira papanga rakau mo te pŭpŭ himene raki, me te tonga. whakarei ratou te wehenga whakapae o te whakapaipai roto. Ko atu āhuatanga o te hoahoanga Byzantine o te wā enei ona whakamahau. Heoi, he onge i nga ra o Kievan Rus ratou. Na ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga āhuatanga, i te mea rongonui Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov, e kore te nui o tona kakahu i tukua hahi rongonui throned tenei.

āhuatanga

Kei te whakapono te reira e faahiti te kaihanga whare ki etahi whānuitanga te kaupapa o te Ekalesia ahuru E - te hahi kohatu tuatahi Old āhua Russian. I tua atu, ka fokotu'u ai e te kaimahi nei i hanga te whare karakia i roto Chernigov ko Kiev Sophia, he te mau melo o te pāmu Byzantine.

Kua roa vai te reira i te ritenga tawhito o te whare whakairihia haki o kaiwawao te pa o. Mai e whakaaturia te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga konei me haki Cossack me kara waru Chernigov faehau i roto i te whawhai ki a Napoleon , a kotahi tekau ma tahi o te Crimean War.

wahi tiketike

I roto i te sacristy tonu tonu te rota o ngā fakalitūsia. Etahi o ratou takoha e nga tangata o te Ekalesia, a o te uara nui. I roto ia ratou, te utu o te Evanelia - te wahi ahurei o te mahi, kua whakaarahia nei e te whakapakoko.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e ko te aata he Aratiatia sarcophagus hiriwa-parahe taimaha ono kirokaramu. I roto i tona noho i roto i Chernigov i 1787 Empress Catherine II hoatu te hahi te ripeka tawhito Katorika, me te heamana, me te maha kakahu onamata.

Kua puritia konei nga wahi matua tae noa ki 1917, ko nga pukahu o Metropolitan Constantine ko Prince Igor Olgovich. i tanumia ratou i roto i nga taiepa temepara. I tua atu, hoki puritia reira nga pukahu o St. Theodosius ko Uglich - te Archbishop o Chernigov, i takoto tuwhera i roto i te reliquary hiriwa, kotahi e pā ana ki e rua kirokaramu.

Reira hoki toa, me te ko tetahi o te ata tino wehi i roto i te rohe Chernihiv - te Mother o te Atua Ripkinskoy. Ko whakaaro te rongonui tino te Protectress. I roto i te mau taime o Kievan Rus kawea mai tenei whare i roto i te Faahuru-Tapu Cathedral i Chernigov te tamahine o te Hiha Constantin, nei i marenatia ki Prince Vsevolod. Fanauhia i roto i tenei marena ki Vladimir Monomakh i 1097 ko te kawana o Smolensk, te wahi hanga e ia te whare tapu. I te mutunga o te reira, oho ia te icon i Chernigov. A mai i reira i timata ia ki te karanga Smolensk. Kei te mea te reira e no te mea o tona Batu Khan i roto i 1239 i taea e ki te tango i te pa.

temepara i tenei ra

I roto i tona oraraa, te Faahuru Cathedral i Chernigov, hōtaka o ngā ratonga mohio nei i tenei ra i nga pāriha katoa, ko te wahi wehi e te mau Kerisetiano mau ohie e kore anake, engari nga aristocrats o te whānau kingi i kingi te Russian Empire, ina ko tonu tona hanganga ko reira te wahi o Ukraine. no te whare ki nga urupa ahurea, me te hītori tiaki. tonu te ako o ona āhuatanga hītori, me te hoahoanga tae noa tata. I tēnei wā, he tika, me te tiaki i te kāwanatanga te Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, he wahi o te papa hītori i huaina "Ancient Chernihiv".