Ethylene waikura: hanga, te whakamahi

Ethylene waikura - he cloying mewaro achromatic meinga whakapairuaki kakara urethane haamana'oraa. Taonga hāora taimaha. Whakapakeke i te pāmahana o - 115 ^{° C,} me i te pāmahana o te 12 ^{° C} whakamōkitohia te i roto i te ranunga turanga mārama he aftertaste titohea. Ko te taonga, ko te ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai, Ethyl waipiro me ētahi atu rauemi taketake. I roto i te kōtuitui ki te oxygenic riro taikaha.

mōhiohio hītori

kitea ethylene waikura i roto i 1859 i te pūtaiao French, kēmihi organic Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. meinga te reira i te tuatahi o te hunga e whakawakia te pūhui hakari, me ona āhuatanga kounga, mā te ine i te auau te pāmahana i ai te waikura ethylene whewhe. I te tīmatanga, e whakapono aivanaa e te ōkai ethylene, te tawhā physico-matū me ngā āhuatanga, he ritenga ki te turanga organic. Ko reira roa he pōhēhē noa 1896, i te tahi atu kairangahau (Bredig me Usov) kahore i kitea e kore he ethylene waikura he taonga -hiko.

Hoki te wa roa i te reira kua mohiotia tetahi anake tikanga o tika tiki te waikura ethylene i ethylene iho. I whakamahia te reira e te pūtaiao maha. Otiia i roto i te 1931, compatriot Charles, Himik Teodor Emile Lefort kua hanga, he tikanga hou mo te hāora o te ethylene tika, mā te whakamahi i whākōkī hiriwa. Tenei tikanga, hanga i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 20, ka te whakamahia i te kau.

Nui whā te hanga o te ethylene waikura

Ko te pūtaiao tuatahi nei i hanga te waikura ethylene i te piti hāora o te taonga mā te whakamahi i te hāora, me te whakatere hiriwa ko Emile Lefort. hoki i arai ia tenei tikanga i roto i te tau 1931. He tukanga hoki te whakaputa waikura ethylene whakarerekētia toutou whiwhi me ngā taatou i roto i te hanga ahumahi.

Ko te kamupene tuatahi e whakatinana te tikanga ahumahi mo te hāora tika o ethylene, mai 1995, ko te UCC kamupene (Union carbide Corporation). He Kei te whakamahia te tukanga, ko "meteor" āhuatanga nei i te pai nui, iti haumi whakapaipai. whakaturia te kamupene i roto i te 1917 e Richard Wells. Ethylene waikura me glycol tipu mahi ka rui ia ra. hokona tenei kamupene te ārai, i roto i nga wa hou he nei tona kainga tupu, me te kitea tona tono anake i te hinonga no hoki ki reira, me te noho atu i te 25% o te kaha te ao.

Ko te kamupene tuarua te whakamahi i te tikanga rite, engari te nui te horapa i roto i te ao e tika ana ki te momo o te pūnaha raihana, Ko Pūtaiao Hoahoa Company, Inc. Mai 1983, kua ia neke atu i 95 kaupapa, e pā ana ki 27% o te kaha ao me 80% o te hanga raihana katoa o ethylene waikura. whakaturia te reira i te kamupene i roto i te tau 1946.

Ko te toru o te kamupene e whakamahi tenei tikanga ko te āpiti Shell International matū BV o kamupene Royal Dutch Anga, whakaturia i roto i te 1907. He rerekē i etahi atu kaihanga, tono nui mo te hanga o te ethylene waikura, me te ora roa o te desiccant (i runga i te 3 tau) te tikanga o tenei hinonga. Ko te kamupene e hipokina neke atu i te 45% o te kaha ao ki te whakaputa.

Ko te tuawha kaihanga - kamupene Hapanihi Hapani catalytic Chemical Co. whakamahi te reira i te tikanga rite ki te tikanga Scientific Hoahoa, he whakahaere whakapumautia ki te matatini kotahi, te whakakotahi i te hanga o te ethylene waikura, me te ethylene glycols raihana. whakaturia kaporeihana Hapanihi i roto i te tau 1951.

waikura ethylene - te nui i roto i ngā o te whakaputa o ngā hua waro i roto i te ahumahi matū ao. Heoi, he mea iti iho ki etahi matū, pēnei i ethylene, propylene, te waihā, te waihā mewaro, benzene, vinyl pūhaumāota, styrene, toluene, t. D. Ko te hanga o te ethylene waikura katoa me noho tonu tuarua ki te faufaa o te polyethylene anake me he 14 anake%. Kei te whakamahia i tēnei huānga mo te hanga o te polyethylene glycol, copolymers polyethylene waikura ki polypropylene waikura, puea pato matū kaha demulsifiers hinu fumigants.

Transport o matū

Tukanga hariata puta i te tikanga o ipu, ipu me tāke. Kei te rongoa ethylene waikura i roto i tāke ki runga ki te toru mano. ^M3 i te pāmahana o te 15-20 degrees, i raro i te pēhanga o te 7-19 kgf / cm ^2. Ethylene waikura Ko te taonga paitini e roaa irritating, raau taero me ngā āhuatanga rawa paitini. Ki te noho noa o te hau te ô i roto i te kakahu, me te hū, meinga he whakautu pāwera koi, a i roto i te whakapā ki te mucosa kanohi - weranga.

Tohu o te paihana ki ethylene

whakamahia ethylene Kei te whānui i roto i te hanga o taputapu ngā mo ataahua, hauora me te ake. Nuinga o ngā wā, kua tapiritia ai:

• varnishes;
• peita;
• whakarewa;
• ārai makariri;
• hopi teretere;
• poke, i nga hinu;
• paturopi, me te ake.

Kei te maha ethylene waikura sterilization whakamahia e te tangata mo te disinfection o te momo hau. E fehangahangai matou ki tenei taonga paitini i runga i te rā. Te tupu pinepine PE e pā ana ki te poisoning o ethylene waikura. A feruri i te tohu o tikanga poisoning me maimoatanga.

Haurangi waikura ethylene

Ko te tohu o te haurangi whakapeka he:

• ānini whanoke ranei;
• reka reka i roto i te mangai;
• whakapairuaki me te ruaki;
• whero o te mata;
• ngoikore whānui;
• mokowhiti hikuwaru;
• pāpāngia o nga uaua kanohi;
• tauhohenga ngoikore o ngā ākonga ki te marama;
• haehae;
• whakarahi ate me te rangirua o ona mahi.

paihana ngū

paihana ma'i Ko te taua tohu:

• amuamu kiritaki tamau o te ānini;
• mamae tahi;
• raruraru ki te wahi gastrointestinal;
• maihao faaati wherahia e ringa mua;
• sweating me glaciation wahi;
• iti i roto i te tūtohutanga, etc.

I muri i te whakapā atu ki te mata kiri ai te dermatitis ki mariao, me haere tahi i te kirika, me leukocytes toto tiketike.

Ko te āwhina tuatahi ki te pārurenga. maimoatanga

Ki te he maharakore nui ki te tiki ahau te manawanui i roto i te tikanga i te kanohi i runga i te pūtake o te ethylene, me kia āta me mo te wa roa ki te horoi i te kanohi ki te wai ma, ka kōrero te tākuta.

I muri i whakapā ki te kiri reira wawe tika ki te horoi i te mata ki te ūkuia miro mea tuku i roto i te waipiro. I muri, horoi i te wāhi kua pā ki te hopi me te wai, me te hamani ki te Hinuwūru.

I roto i te wā atu nui o tūroro paihana kia:

• rangi hou;
• te rongo me te wera;
• hāora inhalation;
• Huaora B1, B6, B12, me te konupūmā;
• wai kawakore taonga;
• dropper i runga i te kūhuka ki te waikawa ascorbic;
• kawhe me te kordiamin.

Sterilization te whakamahi i ethylene waikura

Ko te tino rongonui rite te kaihoko whakahoromata ethylene waikura. Ko te wā tuatahi tīmata te hau ethylene waikura rite te waipatu ki te whakamahi i roto i te tekau-o te rau tau whakamutunga. Nā ki te meka i ko te taonga i roto i te puka hau-rite, he pai taua mea ki te tākai o mea rata, me te whakamate microorganisms. I whakamahia i tēnei tikanga mo te nuinga o nga tikanga, i nga tairongo ki pāmahana teitei, haumākū me te tāoke. Mai pā ethylene waikura ki hau paitini, kawea sterilization i roto i roto i ruma hiri.

Tenei tikanga o te disinfection whakaaro ko te pai o ngā tikanga mohiotia katoa. Processing taputapu ngā tenei tikanga o e toru kaupae:

1. taputapu Tuatahi te poke ki te hau, te huri pāmahana me te haumākū.
2. ki tonu te mōkihi i te hau ethylene waikura, me te tatari mo etahi wa ki kua oneone mea hauora.
3. Whakapau degassing ki te tango i te tākai tonu o te hau ha'iriiri.

Hydration o ethylene waikura

kitea e ethylene waikura whakamahi te nuinga i roto i te paturaa i ngā glycols ethylene. kawea hydration o te waikura ethylene i roto i te āhua wai i roto i rānei i te aroaro o kaiwhakakökï waikawa i te pāmahana o te 50-100 nekehanga + ranei i raro i te pēhanga i waho i te whakatere i te pāmahana ^{o te} 200 C. I te nuinga o te wā, te whakamahi i te rua o nga tikanga i tono pēhanga, rite etahi waikawa taimaha muri pure i te whiwhi taonga, a he mea e tika ana ki te tono tikanga atu o te horoi.

I muri i Hydration o ethylene glycol e - waipiro diatomic ohie. Te ōritetanga rite pata. Ko ethylene glycol koreami, te huitahi, kua he reka reka. He he taonga paitini e whakamahia nei i roto i teretere. Etahi o nga hunga anake e ngana ana ki te whakamahi i te reira rite he whakakapinga mō te waipiro, e tika ana ki te mate.

Haunga te meka e whakamahia ethylene glycol te ki te whakarato i teretere, rite tomo te reira i te hanganga me ētahi atu hua:

• āpiha antistatic;
• polishes;
• tikanga i te huka;
• Kei te tāpiri ki te pūnaha meangiti o rorohiko me cars;
• i roto i te nui iti te whakamahia i roto i aihikirīmi mō hu;
• te whakamahi i hanga reira explosives.

Pānga o te ethylene glycol i runga i te tinana

Kei te maha ethylene glycol whakamahia i roto i te whare tukatuka whare ranei ki te wāhi nui, rite ki te hua o te tikanga tono tikanga mo te horoi, inhalation o kohu puta. Na roto i te te whakamahi maharakore o te taonga e taea te tiki i ki tou mangai, engari e kore te mea nui hoki te paihana tenei. tūponotanga nui o paihana hoatu ki te hunga e matenui mahi maha i ki te mahi ki matū e roto i ethylene glycol. Tenei kāwai ngā atekōkiri me kaimahi o te tipu matū.

Tohu o te paihana

1. Ko te wā tuatahi pumau 12 haora, me te te whakaaturia te tangata haurangi iti. ānini wā whakakitea, whakapairuaki, ruaki taratahi, ngoikore ngawari. Ka taea e hā reka marama haere mai i tenei i te tangata. Otiia i roto i te whānui, i te āhua tonu o te hauora.
2. Kotahi tekau ma rua haora o pohewa pai-oranga i reira ko te tikanga o te kaupapa i roto i te wāhi o koutou ake tinana, ānini, whakapairuaki, me te takahi o te konutai-konupūmā whakawhiti, ruaki. Puku, me te uaua lumbar timata ki mokotai koi.
3. He wahi iti i muri mai whakaatu ratou tohu o CNS kino: mate o mahara, kirika, cramps.
4. whakawhanake täkihi i te rima o nga ra, edema pūkahukahu, pakaru mahi cardiac te ka heke te pēhanga toto.
5. puta te mate i roto i te wiki e tika ana ki te kore ngakau, edema pūkahukahu, me ngā raruraru i roto i nga whatukuhu, me te ate.

poisoning Easy puta i muri i ngongoa au paitini, me te āhuatanga e whanoke, whakapairuaki, me te ngoikore. Hei whakaora i te pārurenga, me haere koe ki te hōhipera i mua i kua pahure 12 haora i muri i te paihana.