E kaiao e tito o te pūtau kotahi? tauira whakarōpū

nga kararehe katoa, me tipu e farerei tatou i roto i te ora ia rā, he kaiao multicellular. Heoi, i reira te mea he microcosm nohoia e te taata e kitea ki o tatou kanohi. I te tahi taime ngā ratou o te pūtau kotahi. Na reira, kia kite ratou i raro i te karu anake. He aha ngā āhuatanga ka taea te kitea i kaiao pūtau-tahi?

Ko te hanganga o te pūtau: hoahoa o te pūtau prokaryotic me eukaryotic angamaheni

Ora kaiao i roto i te natura e taea e rauropi pūtau ranei multicellular, eukaryotic ranei prokaryotic. He ona ake āhuatanga i roto i te hanganga, Pātukitukinga, me mataora ia rōpū. He aha e nga tohu o te pūtau prokaryotic? Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te tapatahi o te whakahaere. I roto i tenei momo o te pūtau kore ko te matua, me te mōhiohio iranga i roto i roto i te DNA. A i roto i tenei ara reira "e taritari" i roto i te cytoplasm. Ano, he āhuatanga āhuatanga kei e i roto i enei pūtau, i reira he kahore organelles. E whakakapi ratou mahi ki protrusions o te membrane cytoplasmic, ka karanga mesosoma. Ko ratou i roto i te nuinga o te wā, me te he kawenga mō te respiration ahotakakame ranei.

I roto i te prokaryotic pūtau, te wae mata whakaritea te āhua uaua, t. Kua māngai K. ia e maha ngā paparanga. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - te membrane cytoplasmic - whai wāhi tino i roto i te waka o ngā matū i waenganui i te pūtau me te taiao. MTC māngai bilipidnym apa i roto i nei rerekē pūmua punga. hipoki pūtau prokaryotic atu e te koture mai e he natula tiaki, me te urutau. Te paparanga tuarua ārai te kătahi o matū paitini. Tiaki te reira i te pānga o ngā āhuatanga e totohu, ahakoa i roto i kua ona rohe tenei anga.

e kore ai e hakari tonu te kahu whakamutunga o te mata pūrere. Ko te Case hāwareware. Tuatahi, e tauturu te reira i roto i te tukanga o te kaupapa pūtau, whakaiti waku. Tuarua, kei Case hāwareware hua pūkoro tinana o nga pūtau me secretion. Ka taea te whakamahi ēnei matū mō ngā take tiaki, ranei, hei kōrero, ki te patu i to ratou taonga. kaiao prokaryotic katoa ngā o te pūtau kotahi. Ko nga huakita matua enei.

āhuatanga eukaryotes

Kei te āhuatanga e ratou matatini o te whakahaere ngā pūtau Eukaryotic. E ratou he maha nui o ngā me ngā hanganga, me rapu utu maha tukanga matüora he plurality o whākōkī motuhake me ngā. He aha ngā reira o te eukaryotes pūtau ora? kei tona hanganga nga huānga e whai ake nei:

• Matua.
• Organelles me cytoplasm.
• Ko te membrane me te cytoskeleton.

Matua - he hanganga pokapū o tetahi pūtau eukaryotic, rongoa ai te te mōhiohio iranga. Kei te reira i te pūira me nucleoli. Ko ratou kawenga mo te whakawhiti me te whakatinanatanga o te mōhiohio ā-ira. I roto i te organelles o ngā pūtau te tuku:

1. hanganga Dvumembrannye (plastids me pungaraungao).
2. hanganga Odnomembrannye (lysosomes, Golgi taputapu, kiriuwhi reticulum, miru, peroxisomes, me ētahi atu.).
3. hanganga Non-membrane (ribosomes, cytoskeleton).

membrane Eukaryotic i roto i te hanganga rite e o prokaryotes. Heoi, te mea he whakahaere matatini ake. hanga pūtau Eukaryotic te ake o ngā wāhanga i huaina compartments. Tenei pūnaha nui ohie te whakahaere o te rere o ngā tukanga matüora katoa, ie. Ki. Kei te wehea te pūtau ki ngā compartments.

Protists - rauropi pūtau eukaryotic

I roto i te momo o kaiao eukaryotic ki no tatou e, i reira e iti kitea ki te tangata kanohi hoki. Ko ratou i huaina protists. Ua riro raua na te kingitanga motuhake i roto i te taxonomy. protists katoa ngā o te pūtau kotahi, na te rahi o kore ake atu i te 250 microns. E wehea ratou ki te maha ngā rōpū, i roto i nei e sarkodovyh, flagellates, ciliates.

momo sarkodovyh

Ēnei ngā Pūora, e ngā o te pūtau kotahi. ora ēnei mea i roto i te oneone, te wai hou te wai tote ranei. Ratou tinana e kore āhua tamau, e taea ki a ratou te hanga i pera-ka karanga te waewae, e hopu enei protists kai ratou.

flagellates momo

ka Flagellates tona ingoa no te mea o te aroaro o te flagella i te mutunga o te tinana. āhei te reira taua pūtau ki te neke hohoro. Tenei hanga flagellates mohoao pai. I roto ia ratou he he maha nui o pirinoa o teitei kaiao multicellular. Ko te tinana o taua taata e te āhua tonu e tika ana ki kiriuhi pūtau sweaty.

momo o ciliates

E titoa Ciliates o te pūtau kotahi. Ahakoa tenei kei te evolutionarily tino whakawhanakehia ratou i roto i te māmā. He ko ara he ariā o te hanganga o kararehe multicellular runga nei e heke ratou i ciliates. Ēnei taata i taiepa pūtau matotoru. Ko ratou reira i roto i te cytoplasm o e rua otaota: generative, e mana uri, a ka vegetative kawenga mō te tukanga o te ora. hipoki te tinana katoa i te makawe iti o ciliates. Kua nekehia atu nga hua pūkoro tinana i roto i te poka motuhake - poroshitsu.

pūtau tangata: he momo o āhua, me te hanganga āhuatanga

To tatou rauropi Ko te hanganga multicellular, e hono ai te pūtau ki ia atu. tare ratou mōhiohio mā te whakamahi i matū tohu synthesized. te kopa Puka, okana me ngā pūnaha, e he rerekē i ia atu functionally me morphologically.

He aha te mea he pūtau tangata? Ki te whakaaro tatou nga pūtau o tetahi kikokiko o te tinana, kua ratou nga āhuatanga katoa o eukaryotes: te pata, organelles, cytoskeleton, te whīwhiwhi o te pākia e. Heoi, i roto ia ratou e taea e kitea tetahi okotahi e hoatu ahurei o te kiko ngā.

Hei tauira, pūtau toto whero i kahore karihi. Tenei ka taea e ratou ki te here atu hāora hauhā ranei. Ka taea e te hua manu tae 0.12-0.15 cm te whānui, i te mea he uara rawa nui noa pūtau eukaryotic. whai hoki neurons tangata ratou ake peculiarities. ahua ai ratou maha protuberances, i roto i nei he dendrites poto me axons roa.