Cinema India: te hītori o te hanga me te whanaketanga

Ahakoa, ki te kore i kite koe kiriata Indian, te kupu "Bollywood" tonu conjures ake whakapakoko o whakapaipai, kanapa, me te tae kiriata koperea i roto i ngā wāhi tāwāhi, te wahi i te kanikani whakaputa katoa, me te waiata. Ko te aha te mea te hītori o te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te pikitia Indian? Na kei te tipu ki te riro tetahi o te tino kaha me te pai moni i roto i te ahumahi o te whenua te ahumahi?

whakataki

whakahē maha ngā tohunga i runga i te whakamāramatanga pū o te wā "Bollywood". Tonu, te ōrite i roto i ngā he: "Bollywood" - ko te ahumahi kiriata kaha i roto i Mumbai, te wahi i te kiriata matua i roto i Hindi, ki scene kanikani ahuareka ki waiata. kore e hipokina e te ahumahi kiriata katoa i roto i India,% 20 anake o te katoa whenua kiriata hanga. Bollywood - e kore te reira i te kiriata tūmomo, te reira te ahumahi ki te momo o tohutohu.

Ko te hītori o te pikitia Indian rā hoki ki te rautau tekau mā iwa. I roto i te 1896, kiriata te kiriata tuatahi i a whakaaturia i roto i te teina Lumière i Mumbai (Bombay).

He mea nui ki te mōhio e ka mohiotia Harishchandra Sakharam rite "tonu whakaahua" whakahau te kāmera i Ingarangi, i hanga e ia te kiriata "Champions" i roto i te kari iri o Mumbai. Ko he record whawhai ohie e hohoro whakakitea i roto i te 1899, ka anga ki te kia whakaaro te tuatahi "neke" kiriata i roto i te ahumahi kiriata Indian.

Cinema India: hītori

Ko te papa o te pikitia Indian whakaaro te Dadasaheda Falke, e tukua roa-tonu āhuatanga kiriata tuatahi a te ao "Raja Harischandra" i roto i te 1913. Ko te kiriata Indian tuatahi whakaaturia i roto i Rānana i te 1914 tenei. pikitia puku ko te angitu arumoni pahika.

Dadasahed i kore te kaihanga anake engari ano hoki he kaiwhakahaere, screenwriter, cinematographer, ētita, a tae noa artist hanga-ake. I roto i te wā i 1913 ki te 1918, whakahokia mai e ia me te mana i runga i pihinga 23 kiriata.

I te tīmatanga, ko te whanaketanga o te pikitia Indian kihai i puta rite vitiviti rite i roto i Hollywood. timata kiriata kamupene hanga New ki puta i roto i te 1920. Paintings i runga i ngā meka pūrākau, me te hītori ki wāhanga i te Mahabharata ko Ramayana, ka anga ki te nuinga i roto i te 20. Ko kaimätakitaki Indian neke atu i pōwhiritia militants.

Whakamutunga o te "wā puku"

hipoki te tangi tuatahi kiriata Indian "Alam Ara" i i roto i Bombay i 1931. kaiwhakahaere Musical i runga i te huinga o tenei pikitia i whakahaere Hirose Shah ki te tuhi i te waiata tuatahi "De De Khuda" e BM Khan. Cinema India "tomo" he wā hou.

I muri i taua, kua rapua e rave rahi kamupene kiriata ki te whakapiki ake i hanga kiriata Indian. i nekehia atu 328 peita i roto i 1931. Ko e toru ngā wā neke atu i roto i 1927 tenei - 107 Prime. I roto i tenei wa, nui haere ano te maha o cinemas me auditoriums.

Mai i 1930 ki te tau 1940, i runga i te atamira, i reira e maha whika rongonui o pikitia Indian: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, Pahana, Nitin Bose me ētahi atu.

films rohe

I roto i tenei wā, i kore anake rongonui kiriata Hindi. Kua hoki te ahumahi kiriata rohe i ona ake waitohu. Ko te kiriata Bengali tuatahi "mure Damyanti" ki kaiwhakaari Italian i roto i te tūranga mata, kite kaimātakitaki i 1917. motumotuhia ana te pikitia i Dzhayotish Sarkar.

I te tau 1919 i ngā ia wahangu kiriata āhuatanga Indian Tonga ui "vadham kechak".

I roto i te kiriata, ko te tamaiti tuatahi o te "whetu", i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi o te tamaiti o Krishna i 1919 "Kaliya Mardan" tamahine o Dadasaheda Falke.

whakaaturia kiriata Sound i Bengali "Jamai Shashti" i i roto i 1931 (hua e "Theatres Madan").

I tua atu i Bengali me reo Indian Tonga, i hanga ano kiriata rohe i roto i te tahi atu reo: Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, Assamese me etahi atu. "Aethedzha Raja" ko te kiriata Marathi tuatahi i hanga i roto i te 1932. I hanga tēnei pikitia i roto i Hindi me ki te kukume atu iwi ki te tiro i.

Ko te whanau o te "wā hou"

Kei te whakaritea whakawhanakehia History o Cinema i India i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I tū te whanautanga o te ahumahi kiriata Indian hou i roto i 1947. I tohua tēnei wā e panoni nui, me te faahiahia i roto i te puhipuhi o kiriata. filmmakers Famous Satyat Ray ko Bimal Roy hanga peita e i arotahi ki runga i ngā take oranga me te mamae ia rā o te iwi o te piha haapiiraa o raro.

iti iho ngā kaupapa Historical me pūrākau ki te whakamārama, a kua tae mai kiriata pāpori ki te nuinga i te ahumahi. I hāngai ratou i runga i ngā kaupapa pērā i moepuku, te vahine, me ētahi atu mahi ture, i whānui i huri i roto i India. whakaaturia Cinema te ka whakataua taua mahi.

I roto i 1960 Kua arotahi te kaiwhakahaere ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen me ētahi atu i runga i nga raruraru tino o te tangata noa. koperea maha ngā kiriata pai-mohiotia i runga i enei kaupapa, i whakaaetia "ki te tapahia i te kokoru motuhake" i roto i te ahumahi kiriata Indian.

whakaaro te waenganui o te rautau rua tekau ko te "tau koura" i roto i te aamu o te pikitia Indian. Ko reira i timata tenei wa ki te tupu te rongonui o kaitapere: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman me ētahi atu.

Bollywood - te pionie o "masala" kiriata

I roto i te kiriata "masala" 1970 puta te reira i roto i Bollywood. I mīharo te whakarongo, me te mesmerized e te koreutu, o kaitapere rite Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te kaiwhakarewa o te hanganga o kiriata masala rongonui, me te angitu kaiwhakahaere, Manmohan Desai. Ia pinepine tohe e hiahia tino iwi ki te wareware tona mate, a haere ana ki roto ki te ao o moe, te wahi i reira he kahore rawakore.

"Shola" - he kiriata auaha whakahaua e Ramesh Sippy, riro kore anake āhukahuka ao, engari i hanga ano hoki 'superstar' Amitabh Bachchan.

He maha ngā kaiwhakahaere wahine (Meera Nair, Aparna Sen) kua faaite ratou mau taleni i roto i te 1980. Me pēhea e taea wareware tatou te kinotvortse faahiahia me tino Rekha, e tangohia e atu i te kiriata mīharo "Umrao Ranaiaana" i roto i te 1981?

I roto i te 1990 ka reira rongonui kaiwhakaari taua: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi me etahi atu. e rapu ēnei ngaio mō huarahi hou i atu e whakawhanakehia pikitia o India. e kore e History wareware i roto i te tau 2008, kua riro nei hei rohe mo Bollywood - riro Rahman he Oscar rua tohu mō te körero, pai o te kiriata "Slumdog Millionaire."

te nationalism

Tonu te taunga ki pikitia Indian, he reira ia tapao e reira e wha āhuatanga matua e āwhina i roto i te hononga atu hakari "India - te pikitia": te nationalism, te aukatinga, me momo waiata. A feruri i teie mau tumu parau i roto i te taipitopito atu.

I te wā wawe o te whanaketanga o tokomaha o nga whika nui o Bollywood whiriwhiri te ahumahi i hanga mo te whakamahi o Hindi rite te nui i roto i te kiriata Indian. Aha na? Oia mau, e korero i roto i India rau o reo, a kahore he ara Hindi te noa tino o ratou. riro ia te "tino" rite Hindi - he mita hokohoko e mohio he wahi nui o te taupori.

Ko tūmōmō tētahi atu huru o te iwi kotahi i roto i te Indian Bollywood kiriata waiata. Mai i te tīmatanga, rangi hanga hoki kiriata, ngā momo rerekē o te whenua.

Ko te āhuatanga tuatoru - he "ao" o kiriata i India, e kia marena Mahometa ki Hindu Karaitiana ranei, me te iwi i ngā akomanga pāpori rerekē ki te whakatutuki angitu nui i roto i te ora. He mea nui ki te mea e maha o te kaiwhakaū o kiriata Indian i whakaaro e kua riro te kī ki te haere noa i mua nei o te whenua i te Ingarangi te ahumahi kiriata Indian taketake.

aukatinga

I te pikitia o India tonu i raro i te faatereraa Ingarangi, e kore e taea ki te mea i te whakaurunga o etahi kaupapa i roto i te kiriata. Otiia i muri riro te whenua motuhake i Ingarangi, kua tae mai te aukatinga ki te tākaro i te arataki i roto i te kāhua o kiriata.

Hei whakaatu sex i tino riria me tetahi whakapā tinana taimaha (ara kihi). Ko te kupu, ko te "reo tinana" o te huru tino whakakapi aua mea kua meinga e te täkupu. Whakaaetia anake te pokohiwi pa marama i waenganui i rua toa whaiāipo me te pupuri o nga tangata tata ki tahi i te tahi kaua hoki e pa. whakaata hoki te kōrero i te utu o te parekura o te hōkakatanga. Me tika kaimätakitaki ki te kia whakamahia ki to ratou matauranga.

momo

Ko te hītori o te pikitia Indian (e te aroaro ngā meka e pā ana ki reira i raro) E whakaatu ana i whai wāhi hoki te aukatinga ki te hanga o te maha momo ahurei ki Bollywood. No te tau maha, ka i reira ko te whawhai i waenganui i India ko Pakistan, kua araia i roto i te kiriata ki te whakahua i te reira. e kore e taea te huaina e ratou ingoa hoariri.

He pānga nui i runga i te ahumahi kiriata ki āwhina i te Kawanatanga o te whenua: kua whakapono reira e ki te hiahia tūmatanui whakaatu anake e ka pā tona outlook tōrangapū, me te pāpori. I tua atu, tangohia ara nga ture, i kiia e whakaatu āhua o pūāhua i roto i kiriata kia whakamahia anake ki waiata puāwaitanga o Te Tai Tokerau India.

tonu te mauahara i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te ahumahi kiriata noa 1998, i mua i te whakatamarikitanga o te ture i runga i te whanaketanga motuhake o te ahumahi.

waiata

Music - Ko te mea ka karanga maha kaimätakitaki te āhuatanga tautuhi o Bollywood kiriata tenei. Na ko pono pono tenei! kaiwhakahaere Musical (rite e whakahuatia ki roto i te kaitito kiriata Indian) ki mau whakaaro e pā ana ki te akiaki ia o waiata i roto i te kiriata, e kore e rite ki te whakaae i te parau tumu, hamani ratou ratou rite tikanga ohie, me te motuhake.

Music - te wahi ano o te kiriata, me te te kākahu. Nui, e kore e nga tito o te kaihanga rapu ki te whakatairanga ratou mau hamaniraa. whai ratou ki te whakawhanake i whakaaturanga toi o te kōrero o te whakarongo.

pono Kāinga: e waiata te kaitapere i roto i te kiriata e kore e waiata, me te taua kaihaka reo o te maha pūāhua. Otiia, whakaaro India te ki te waiho i te pai rua ki te titiro i ka whakarongo ki te kaiwaiata tino kaiwhakaari pai.

Ko te uaua tino mo nga kaihanga o te kiriata i koperea scene waiata. i tamata i ia kaiwhakahaere i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē ki te kiriata i te waiata i te kiriata. ka reira na rongonui e koperea ara tenei ra 80% o kiriata Inia katoa i runga i te "ngā purei anō me waiata."

meka Interesting i te hītori o te pikitia Indian

Te ahumahi kiriata i roto i te India - te ahumahi ahurei. Na reira, i reira e te tahi mau āhuatanga ke ki a tatou. Kia whakaaro o ratou:

1. Apiti Pirimia. He maha movies rongonui whakaaturia i runga i etahi paearu. Hei tauira, te faauruhia nui "tukua" i roto i te whakanui nui i roto i te honore o te mutunga o Ramadan anake, a i roto i te pikitia kirikiti atu-wa rite "mate i roto i."

2. "mai te reira i katoa ki raro, ki te whānau." Cinema India mo tona hītori, tae te whāinga matua - ki te hoatu te utuafare tuatahi i roto i te ora o nga tangata. Ko te ahumahi kiriata o te Te Hau-ā-uru e "whakamanamana" e kore e taea e.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood he ona putanga ake o te tohu - te reira Filmfar Evords, e kua kore hononga ki te reka o te whakarongo. nui atu - i te hui whakaatu i te tohu mō te "Game Best".

4. "pikitia whakarara". e kore e ara mōhio e kua India nekehia kore anake te pikitia o te waiata, me te kanikani maha pā o kiriata Indian. Ētahi filmmakers, e mohiotia ana ko "filmmakers whakarara," mahi i roto i te kiriata "pikitia nui." Hei tauira, i roto i te 1998 ka haere ia i te kiriata "Dil Se", kei hea e kōrero te protagonist e pā ana ki te āhuatanga tōrangapū uaua i roto i te ao.

mutunga

Cinema India (whakaahua ki te scenes pai e whakaaturia i runga ake) meinga kua he wāhi o to tatou oraraa ia rā, ahakoa te mea hei kiriata ranei te pikitia rohe o Bollywood. nui te reira i te wāhi nui i roto i to tatou hapori. Ahakoa te meka e "ngahau" Ko te kupu matua o te pikitia Indian, he hua i runga i te whakaaro, me te mahara o te whakarongo te aamu.

I roto i te aamu o kiriata Indian fakalakalaka i ake kāmera ki ngā rautaki whakatika. Kua whakawhānui hangarau te auahatanga o filmmakers. Otiia, kihai i taea e ki te nui te uara ahurea o India ahunga whakamua. Na e te pai!