Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore i Florence: whakaahua, kaihoahoa, roto

tūruhi Independent tae i roto i Florence, kaha tūtohu tohi fakahinohinó te haerenga, ki te kahore hoki te Señor rohe, te Bridge Old me te Uffizi Palace, te rohe tino rongonui, me te mōhiotia o tenei mīharo Italian pa-whare taonga - te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore. Whakaahua me ngā whakaahua o tenei faahiahia hoahoanga pea e koe ake ake kite. A maha i hanga enei pikitia ki te hau rite kore whare mātotoru huri noa te whare e tukua ki te kitea te koki matau ki te hopu i te mea katoa. Ko te mea nui, pai atu i tetahi o nga whakaahua e kite i te ringa tuatahi Cathedral - ina gilds te ra tautuhinga te kikorangi whero ata ranei ka po wereweti Italian tahuna rama māramatanga mīharo. Ko te hahi tenei ki te tangata taonga, hītori ngā me te tohu. I roto i te ngakau o Florence parare poto mahue Titans tona tohu i roto i te kohatu.

Ko te hītori o te Cathedral

Mahere ki te hanga i te whare matua o te pa o, i tangohia i te mutunga o te tekau ma toru te rau tau. Otiia e kore e taea e koe te mea i hanga te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore i Florence i te wahanga. He ko he hahi iti o Saint Reparate. Na ko ahurei te tino rongonui Florentine Basilica i taua timata reira ki kia hanga te wahi kihai i ano i ngaro te whare o mua. Reparata Tapu noa te mutunga o te tekau ma toru te rau tau i whakaaro te Patroness o te pa. Tenei ahua āhua-rongonui. Kua oti Young wahine i Pirihitia ngā haamauiuiraa parakore Romans nanakia hoki ratou fafauraa ki Karaitiana i te rau tau III. i hanga Ekalesia o St. Reparata āhua i te ono o te rau tau. Ko he ano hoki te reira i kore i roto i te korehau. I roto i nga wa onamata reira he whare ke tu. I te ata o Karaitiana i tona bapetizoraa taha i hanga (mo te iriiringa o te ruma neophytes). Kei te mohiotia te reira e huri noa i kei te urupā hahi. i whakawhitia Late wā menema plurality ki te whare taonga te hiero.

megalomania wharekarakia?

Ko te mea tuatahi e amazes tūruhi e haere mai ki te Duomo - whare karakia, ko tona rahi. He motuhake bapetizoraa me te campanile (pere pourewa), ahakoa i roto i te matatini hoahoanga. Ko te whare o te temepara, ko te mīharo pono hoki tona rahi Rapa. He aha te mea te reira, i reira taua megalomania? Hei whakahoki i tēnei pātai, kia tatou mahara, ka hanga e ratou te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence i te timatanga o te rau tau XIII ite te pai ōhanga me te kī te taitara i roto i lepupilika tāone. A predominated reira e kore anake i roto i Itari, engari ara i roto i te katoa o Western Europe. Hei whakaatu i tona ārahitanga (matua ona tāwhai nui - Siena ko Pisa), a ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te nui i taua wa te whare karakia, me te campanile teitei. E ai ki te mahere, i te hahi ki te pupuri i te hawhe te taupori o te korerorero tāone, e i taua wa i tae hanganga tuatahi - e iwa tekau mano te iwi. Kua werohia te hanganga o te tauine taua te toi o te hoahoanga wharekarakia. I riro ia e Arnolfo di CAMBIO, te kaihoahoa rongonui, ko tona kaupapa i roto i Florence i kē i whakaarahia te Palazzo Vecchio me te Cross Tapu Ekalesia.

Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore: architect

ko Construction o te hahi whare karakia he mea o mana. i te whare ki te kia motuhake. Na reira, timata nei atu te kaihoahoa Arnolfo i te Gothic buka, e whakahau ana ki te hanga i ngā whare tapu i roto i te puka o te ripeka Latin. Ko te kupu, i runga i te tihi o te hahi rite te reta "T". piri kaihoahoa te ripeka Latin ki te whare porohita centric, i i karaunatia ki te kikorangi. E toru titoko o ngā e te pou whānui mokowā. Ki te anga o te whare porohita me ki runga ki te aata o te fare pureraa i roto i te transept. kihai i taea e ki te kite i te iteraa o ratou uri Di CAMBIO. mate ia i roto i 1302, me te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore, nei atawhai ia mahere mo te wa roa tahuri ki te pae hanga whakarerea. Ko te pa kihai i noa i moni nui mo te kaupapa hao. kitea Waiho i te raruraru pūtea i roto i 1330: "kitea" he ara faahiahia i roto i te Ekalesia Reparate te pukahu o Saint Zenobia, a i muri i te tau o te mahi recommenced.

riiwhi tairanga

kua meinga kaitiaki "kaupapa o te rau tau" te kaha kaihokohoko toa huruhuru (Arte Lana della). Kua kahore atu, engari te kaipeita rongonui me te kaihoahoa Giotto utua e ia. Otiia ko hao rawa ki te whakatinana i te mahere mua te ariki. Na ka timata ia ki te hanga i te campanile. A, no te mate ia (1337), i hanga noa tona rahoraho raro. Na ka anō-piri noa te mahi mō te kotahi tekau ma rua nga tau e tika ana ki te nui Black Te ati i. I roto i te 1349, ka mau i runga i te tukapaku, kaihoahoa matua Francesco talenti, e whakahaere tonu ki te whakaoti i te pourewa. I te 1359 i haere hanga e Dzhovanni Di Lapo Ghini. Na ka haere mai te tahi atu mau taime. Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore i Florence ke te rota o kaihoahoa. A ko ratou katoa "ki te ingoa." E mōhio o rangatira pērā i Giovanni d'Ambrodzho matou, engari ano hoki i Alberto Arnoldi, a Neri Di Foravante ko Andrea Orkanya ... I 1375 hopea wāwāhitanga te hahi tawhito o St Reparate, a i roto i 1380 puta i te temepara matua. Ko te paruru o te whare i oti ... anake i roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa.

kikorangi

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i hanga te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore ki ētahi atu hanganga Ngārara rite katoa me te rama ki a ia e kore i pai. Oia mau, te hahi matua o Florence i te roa i te rima anake mita iho ki a Milan rongonui Al Duomo (153 vs. 158 m). E ai ki te mahere o te kaihoahoa di CAMBIO, ko te whare porohita ki karaunatia te kikorangi. Otiia ko te karakia he taua podbannik nui e kore tetahi mo te wa roa i maia ki te timata mahi i runga i tona hanganga. Ko anake i roto i 1420 mo te wero mai i te kaihoahoa nui Brunelleschi. whakaarohia e ia ki te kaunihera pa mahere kikorangi tapawaru o pereki. I mahara tenei āhua kikorangi Gothic ki te marena te rama whakapaipai. uaua te mahi e te teitei tiketike, me te meka e kore te pa'epa'e e tu ana i runga i te whenua, ka titia ki te taiepa poutū o te whare karakia. Ka rite ki te hua, i muri i te 15 tau kua tahuri reira marama, tiu dome 42 mita i roto i te teitei, e whakatau inaianei te silhouette āhuatanga o Florence.

roto

I runga i te haere rokohanga hanga reira he mana'o rangirua - te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore i Florence. maha tuku whakaahua temepara tona whakapaipai taonga waho. Heoi, he pea te roto, whakaritea ki te mea rawakore te hoahoanga paruru. tuhipoka te reira i roto i te haere Russian whitu rau - he PA Matotoru. tuhi ia e "he nui, me te nui atu tino me whakamiharo hanga te hahi", engari i roto i "kahore pōtae kahore." Ko reira taea ano hoki e hanga tenei mana'o e te taa ki te hahi Siu. Ae, me tūruhi hou mea e te hahi rite te waka huia neatly hanga, e te mea kau roto. mōhio hoki fakaangá e ko raro ki te kēnana o te mutunga o Itāriana Gothic waho o te whare karakia. ka te roto te scene o te tamataraa toi Renaissance rangatira tino maia. hanga Temipale Paora te katoa o te mapere. hanga te aata matua te o kohatu, me te whakapaipai ki te whakairo. whakamahia Masters momo rerekē o te mapere (matomato, ma, me te māwhero), ki te whakatutuki i te tākaro tūturu o te marama. i hanga parare whakamarama me nehenehe matapihi ōpure.

Campanile

Mā te whakamahi i te meka e i roto i te hanga o te pere pourewa i reira ko whakakitea tino kahore mārama kēnana Giotto tona taranata o te ariki. te whakaaro ia e te whakaaro o te pa pourewa tapawhā rua tekau-mita, hirinaki taha taiepa. hanga Facades openwork he whakawhetai ongo ki te matapihi rua. I tua atu, kei te nihowera whakapaipai nga taiepa katoa o te pourewa pere ki whakairo taemaha me inlays. Ahakoa mate te ariki nui i roto i te timatanga o te mahi, mārama piri rangatira atu ki ana mahere me tānga. Ka rite ki te hua, "a Giotto Campanile" mohiotia te i te iti rawa i roto i te ao atu i ahau Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore, e tomo ia.

bapetizoraa

Kei te mohiotia te reira e vai kua bapetizoraa i roto i 897 tau, ara i mua i te hanga o te Ekalesia o Saint Reparate. Na ka tu bapetizoraa, motu ke i nga mau hiero o te karakia, me te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore he kahore okotahi. riro bapetizoraa titiro Modern āta. Hanga i roto i te 1059 i fehangahangai nga taiepa o te rau tau ki te mapere tae. Body o te tapenakara whakaturia i roto i te rau tau XII. hoatu parare bapetizoraa tatau e toru parahi, me whakairo mapere mo ratou. A mo te kororia o te iriiringa whakapaipai whawhai Florentine i te whakataetae i te kaiwhakairo pai i roto i Tuscany. hanga te hanga he ongo teka o te toru-kōrero, engari i roto i te meka i reira e rua anake ngā taumata. Ko te take mō tenei tokonga whatu ko te mapere koture taiepa waho.

Ko te temepara me te pa

Ehara i anake i roto i te rahi me te masterpieces hoahoanga, engari tona hītori he faahiahia te Cathedral o Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence, me hītori ona rau tau-tawhito E āta hono ana ki tona whare matua. E rave rahi o te mau ohipa rahi hītori tupu i roto i ona taiepa. Here hanga e ia tona kauwhau o te tatarahapa Savonarola. I roto i tenei whare tapu i patua teina o te rangatira o Florence, Lorenzo te nehenehe - Dzhuliano Medichi. A i roto i te Crypt o te whare karakia i kitea te tamahanahanaraa e Giotto, te kaituhi o te Campanile me Brunelleschi - te kaihanga o te kikorangi.