Bernard Paruku: Te Kōrero o financier American

I mohiotia financier me investor Bernard Paruku hoki tona whakapaipai nui me te mana tōrangapū nui. He angitu tutuki i runga i te New York Stock Exchange, ka anga ia mahi rite kaitohutohu ki peresideni US. Tona ora - he takawhīwhiwhi mīharo o ngā me hitimahuta.

tau wawe

whanau te financier rongonui Bernard Paruku i August 19, 1870 i roto i te pa US o Camden (South Carolina). haere mai ia i te whānau rawakore Hurai. ko Haimona Paruku te papa o nga tama tokowha, ko te tuarua o nei Bernard Paruku. Tamariki, ka rite ki te wa whakakitea, ko te pūmanawa, me te pakeke-mahi. Teina o te financier German heke noa mahi rite karere US ki te Netherlands me Portugal.

puta wawe Tau Bernard Rekonstrutsii i te wā ka, i muri i te Pakanga Civil, te United States tonga poipoi o hara, me pukutanga mangumangu. Titiro hoki he kokonga ata o te whānau Paruku oho ki New York. Here haere Bernard ki kāreti.

Ko te mahi Paruku wahi tuatahi i roto i 1890 ko te hokohoko AA Housman & Co. -Tau e rua tekau taata i te kopera, whiwhi $ 3 te wiki. Ētahi atu whai wāhitanga mō te whaiaro iteraa-o te mana pāpori, me te iwi kihai i reira ohie.

te wakarererangi

Ka rite ki te maha atu brokers, te mākete kararehe Bernard Paruku haere mai rawa i te aituā. Tona wheako tuatahi ko te kino. Otiia kihai i Paruku hoatu ake. ka anga ia ki te nama moni i hoa, me te whānau. I te tahi vahi, ka korerotia e te papa ia i tonoa 500 - ko katoa e noho tonu o te whare i runga i te ra nui te ua. kihai i wehi, me te maia Bernard, ka anga ia he mahi ngingila i runga i Wall Street.

kihai i Paruku uru ki te pikitia mua o te utu. Case ko tino tōtōā ia: kia rere kirimana meá ki nounou. Ngaio i roto i te pēneti ka mau nga angitu tuatahi o tenei whakahihi. Te tuaana rongonui me te financier o tona wa, whakaaro John Pierpont Morgan Paruku "koi kāri." He ki te whakaaro e kua roaa kaipakihi katoa i raro i te moni io ratou moni i roto i karapu ma. Ehara i te ma tino tangata ia ko JP Morgan. Heoi, nga tikanga e ai patu Bernard Paruku, miharo ara nga mahi teka tino kati.

tuhkarokko-kaihoko

Mai tona ahua i runga i te utu kararehe ikuna heke mai hoatu Wall Street ake ka rautaki hokohoko rongonui. kore Paruku riro kamupene ngoikore ki te tirohanga ki to ratou iti muri. I roto i te tua, kihai ia i haere ki te ara tāwhaiwhai i roto i utu o ona hea. kihai i te investor, rite i tikanga, ki pūkete fakamātoato o nga āhuatanga taketake o te mākete kararehe.

Anga ke ki te mea ka i nga tono i runga i te ara, te financier mātātoa te tākaro mo te hinga. Hoki ahau, hanga Bernard Paruku he ture ohie: ". Hokona me te hoko i te mōrahi ki te iti e kore e taea e" Ka rite ki te hua, maha haere ia ki te au mākete, te hoko, ka tokomaha i hokona, me te hurihia.

I te ara ki te taonga

Te nuinga kāhua Paruku rite te kāhua o tetahi tirohia, rongonui Dzhessi Livermora. Kua ēnei kaihokohoko rua mohiotia ki wā waiho te mākete, ka tatari mo te wa pai mo te hë o te hokohoko. Kia ka whakaae te taua whakatau uaua mo nga punters, ka mea Bernard, "Jay, whakaaro ahau te reira te wā ki te kopere partridges." I muri i tenei cue, hokona e ia ona tūranga katoa, a haere ana i runga i te tau faafaaearaa roa i tona maara Hobkau Barony i South Carolina. waimaori tote me te one one whenua i hira rawa parera me 17 mano eka kahore he waea, ki i taea e tetahi te hono ki New York. Otiia ara i muri i te ngaro roa o te kaitākaro e hoki ki te utu kararehe.

Ko pūtakenga ki i taunu Bernard Paruku ko Dzhessi Livermor te ture whänui ana te whakaaetia o kaihokohoko, i hanga rongonui ratou ara i mua i te ahua o nui o te whakapaipai. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari te pai o upstarts kihai i tatari.

Ko te investor me te kaipakihi

tīmata ia i roaa nui ki te tango i to ratou ake haumi te raro Paruku. puta tetahi o nga taputapu tuatahi i runga i tona kamupene Texasgulf Inc., motuhake i roto i ngā ratonga i roto i te ahumahi hinu tere whakawhanake.

Ko, rite whakakitea ngā muri, kihai i rite ki te kaihokohoko kamupene whakahaere. Ana whiti noho hokohoko, ki i tukua putia ia te nuinga o te wā pau i runga i Wall Street. Kua i te 1900. te hauwhā pūtea katoa o New York mohio ko wai Bernard Paruku. faauruhia te hītori o tona angitu maha, me te tokomaha aketahi. Tonu i reira nga hau e pā ana ki te tirohia, āhua nui. Ko te tauine o tenei ahua ko tauine rite Dzhozefa Kenedi ko JP Morgan.

"Lone Wolf"

I teie mahana te kainga o Bernard Paruku tonu ki te oaoa i te mana, ripekatia ratou whanaunga kakama. I roto i te 1903, i te tau o 33 tau tata ka kaihokohoko unknown he mema o te karapu o millionaires. Ko tōna ara tataramoa katoa ki te New York Stock Exchange Paruku i tino anake. pai ia ki te pupuri i nga mea katoa i raro i te mana, me te kore i taea e waha i te mahi ngātahi. Hoki tenei investor i huaina "wuruhi takitahi o Wall Street."

Neke atu i te nga tau, nga mahi pūtea o maha piki me ngā heke i ite Bernard Paruku. Ko te tauira o te tangata haurongo financier, pe ko e hā hu'u mautohe mō te angitu. 1907 riro Paruku he maro tauhokohoko ao M. Hentz & Co., a rite he pakeke, tīmata ia ki te hiahia haumi e pā ana ki te hoko whare pono.

ratonga tūmatanui

He tutuki angitu nui i runga i te utu kararehe me i mahi, ka timata Paruku ki te titiro i te kaupapa here. I roto i te 1912 whakaae ia ki te tautoko i te pakanga peresideniraa o Woodrow Wilson. kua riro Foundation mo Democratic Party i te pai-maua rongo o 50 mano tāra. riro Wilson te iwi me te whakawhetai ki te financier whakaritea ki te tari o te korero motu.

I tona tari tuatahi tūmatanui Bernard Paruku, he whakaahua o e i ki puta i roto i ngā nūpepa motu, fehangahangai ki te matawaenga nui. Ko te huinga o te mahi tōrangapū me te pakihi i mahi tino uaua.

Raruraru ki te ture

I te utu kararehe timata Paruku ki te kupu taahoa ona ake tūranga mōhiohio ki te whiwhi mōhiohio Insider e pā ana ki te mākete. Ano, i roto i te 1917, whakawakia te investor o whakakite tuhinga ngaro. mutu nga feia imi e, tango painga o tona tūranga, kei te hetia roaa ia e pā ana ki tetahi miriona tāra.

I roto i te whakautu ki te kerēme o ngā pokapū uruhi ture kī Paruku i riro ia te moni tona whakamutunga hoko rite te taua rite ai ia i te aroaro o tona ahua i roto i te mahi tūmatanui. I whakapakaritia te korero raima - he tirohia, taea te tiki atu ki reira.

Kaitohutohu ki te peresideni

Ka rite ki te pā, ko Bernard Tenei ake Paruku kawenga mō te tohatoha o whakahau hōia. Na ka mahue ia i te kua taketake New York Stock Exchange. mutu Finance ki te hoko me te hoko, engari tonu ngā mahi ana pūtea ', anō i te reira ki te ara o te ahumahi hōia. rere moni Paruku ki kamupene mahi i roto i te hanga o ngā patu me te paura. Tino wahi o te supply tāra mai i te pūtea āhua i runga i te wheketere hōia, noho ia i roto i tona pute pononga ture maramarama. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata rerekē, ko te wa o te mate o Germany te rangatira o Paruku i roto i te āhua o te 200 miriona.

I roto i te 1919, ka tutaki nga kau taki o nga iwi wikitoria i te Conference Paris rangimarie. haere hoki Paruku ki te whakapaipai French. Ko ia he mema o te tira US kātipa, ahu e te peresideni Wilson. whakahē Economic Kaitohutohu herenga nui ki Germany, a tautoko e hiahiatia ana te whakaaro o te League o Nations ki te whakatenatena te mahi i waenganui i nga whenua rerekē.

Paruku me te Topatariraa Rahi

Vudro Vilson rihaina ei peresideni i roto i te 1921. kore kua huringa o te Whare White araia Paruku noho i runga i te scene tōrangapū US. Ko ia te kaitohutohu i Warren Harding, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt ko Garri Trumene. Tuhurihuri kāwanatanga me te pakihi, tonu financier ki haafaufaa, te whakamahi i raraunga Insider i runga i te āhua o te mākete. Ko te kainga o Bernard Paruku e kia mahue ki waho i te pene i roto i to koutou pute, ki te kahore hoki tona raka wā. I runga i te eve o te Great Depression Paruku hokona katoa o ratou hea, a ka riro te moni he maha nui o here.

Oketopa 24, 1929 US hokohoko kararehe hit tiango. Ko te mākete katoa i roto i te ru i runga i te raruraru e haere mai me te heke mai papû ore. Katoa - engari e kore e Baruh Bernard. Te pukapuka, tuhituhia i te mutunga o te ora o ia, e ai ta taua i taua ra ka haere mai te tirohia, ki te New York Stock Exchange, tahi ki Winston Churchill. kihai i kōpeka te haerenga. hiahia Finance ki te whakaatu ki te kaupapa here o Ingarangi o tona matauranga ōhanga hari.

Nounou i roto i te koura me te hiriwa

timata Ko tētahi o te tinihanga tino moni Bernarda Baruha te mekameka o ana mahi i roto i te 1933, ka te whakakāhoretanga o te paerewa koura i roto i te United States. E te wa te whenua mo te maha o nga tau i ora ai i roto i te āhua o te raruraru e wehingia ana. pupuhi ia te kore mahi nui, me te kaihau o kamupene nui. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ua faaite te kāwanatanga ki te utu e ao o te koura i te tangata. I roto i te utu mo te whakarewa utu nui, riro iwi moni pepa.

I roto i te Oketopa 1933, ka i whakawhitia te nuinga o te koura ki te Treasury, ua faaite te peresideni Roosevelt te wāriu o te moni motu. Na hokona koura te kāwanatanga i te utu nui haere. nga koropiko katoa me hohoko o te huringa akoranga mohio te kaitohutohu tata peresideniraa Bernard Paruku. Quotes te reira pēhi whakaatu e ko te hapori i roto i te kirika o huringa tuwhena auau. Anake te "wuruhi ana'e" i taea ki te whakamahi i ia tūkunga hou. Kua haumi e ia he wahi nui o ona rawa i roto i te hiriwa ki te aroaro tika te utu hua Tīhau tūmatanui o te whakarewa.

Pakanga II o te Ao

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te ora o Bernard Paruku tona mahi tōrangapū atu whakairia ki runga pūtea. Ki te pakarutanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i ano ia i roto i te tūranga o te kaitohutohu hōia, me te ōhanga ki US mana. hanga Investor kua he wāhi nui ki te huringa i roto i te pūnaha tāke US. I roto i te meka, kua tīmataria reira he roopu ōhanga o te whenua. Ko na tino e i roto i 1944, pau te peresideni Roosevelt te marama i roto i tona wahi ki te Tonga Karolinska pai-mohiotia mana kaitohutohu.

ara te whakaaro te peresideni Paruku ki upoko te Komiti i runga i production Military-ahumahi. Kaitohutohu kua roa ua hiaai ki kia i roto i tenei tūranga me mo nga ōkawa tonoa wa mo te whakamātautau i te tākuta ki te kia tino i roto i to ratou ake hauora ki te tūranga nui anake. Heoi, i unuhia Paruku ki te whakahoki, tetahi Roosevelt kaitohutohu Harry Hopkins i whakakikitia e te peresideni ki whakarerea tenei whakaaro. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i te whiringa maunu atu te tangata tuatahi tona tono.

"Mahere Paruku"

I roto i te tau 1946, i te mono ki Roosevelt, whakaritea Truman Paruku ki te tūranga o US Ambassador ki te komiti UN kawenga mo te ahumahi mana karihi. Ka rite ki taua, ka mōhiotia whānuitia i roto i te USSR te kaitohutohu peresideniraa. Ko te take i ki te hui tuatahi o Paruku Komihana e whakaarohia he kanga i runga i patu karihi, me te mahi i te mahi i raro i te mana o te tinana whānui o whenua katoa i roto i te parae karihi. ka mohiotia mōkihi o kaupapa rite te "Mahere Paruku".

I roto i te horopaki o incipient Cold War, hei te take o te haumaru karihi kua atu akiaki. he nui te wehi o nga bombings ngota, no te mea noa i te tau i ma'iri a'e nei, ua tamata te US enei patu i runga i rua nga pa Japanese, e whakaatu ana i te mau hopearaa fakalilifu o nga patu hou. Kua whakahē Ameliká Otiia fakangatangata te kaupapa i roto i te Kremlin. kihai i Stalin hiahia ki te aukati i te ringa iwi karihi, me te kore i haere ki te kia whakaratohia, i runga i te tūranga o te United States rānei. "Mahere Paruku" i paopao. kihai i te UN i nui mana ki te pehi nga kaupapa o te ao ki te whakawhanake i patu karihi.

A paraparau o te pakanga matao, kia tuhia te reira e ko te reira hoatu Bernard Paruku ora ki tenei parau, ahakoa, kia rite ki te wāhi noa o te tirohanga, te parau "whawhai makariri" i tuatahi hanga i roto i te kupu e Winston Churchill. I muri i te mutunga o te mahi o te UN ko tonu te kaitohutohu ruhiruhia ki te mahi i roto i te Whare White. mate ia i runga i Hune 20, 1965 i roto i te New York i te tau o 94 tau.