Auaha o Mayakovsky. Pūhohe i roto i nga mahi o Mayakovsky

No mahi atu o kaitito Russian kore e hira ki korokë me manukí, rite te mahi Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo. Satire kaituhi rerekē koi, wā, me te nuinga pāpori whāinga.

mōhiohio haurongo

Ko te kāinga Mayakovsky ki Georgia. Ko reira i reira, i roto i te kainga o Baghdad, a ka whanau i runga i Hōngongoi 17, 1893 te punake heke mai. I roto i te 1906, i muri i te matenga o tona papa, ka whakatutehu ia ki a Moscow me tona whaea, me tuahine. ka tono hoki te tūranga tōrangapū kaha e rave rahi taime ki te whare herehere. Mutu te kura Stroganov. I tonu haamata te ākonga te ara pohara o Mayakovsky. Pūhohe - me rawa, me te mau otoheraa - riro te tapao o tona whiti.

Heoi, Futurism, me tona whakahe nihilistic kore i taea e tino hāngai te kaha tonu o nga kupu o te kaituhituhi o Mayakovsky, me nga kaupapa o ana whiti hohoro timata ki te haere ki tua atu i te aronga i whiriwhiri. Ētahi atu a ake o ratou i taea te rongo i roto i te kupuroto pāpori. E rua ngā wāhi motuhake wā Pre-hou i roto i rotarota o Mayakovsky: accusatory, he Sapphire, tuwhera nga tōnounou katoa me hapanga o Tsarist Russia; mate, aru i te mooni rawa whakangaromia e te tangata e whakatinana te pai o te manapori me te humanism.

Ko te kupu, ko te pūhohe i nga mahi o Mayakovsky i te tīmatanga rawa o te auahatanga, kua meinga te faka'ilonga o te rohi pehe i roto i hoa awheawhe tuhituhi.

He aha te mea Futurism?

Ko te kupu "Futurism" ahu te i te he kaha'ú Latin, oia hoi "te heke mai." Na ka karangatia e Five and Seven aronga o te timatanga o XX rautau, āhuatanga e whakakāhoretanga o whakatutukitanga mua, me te hiahia ki te hanga i te tahi radically hou i roto i te toi.

Āhuatanga o te Futurism:

• Anarchy me te tutu.
• Whakakāhoretanga o ahurea tuku iho.
• Māra o te ahunga whakamua, me te ahumahi.
• Rawa me te pathos.
• Whakakorehanga o nga ture whakapumautia o versification.
• Ngā i roto i te mara o te rotarota ki te pehepehe, manawataki, arotahi ki runga i pepeha.
• Ko te hanga o ngā kupu hou.

teie mau parau tumu katoa kihai i taea te pai kitea i roto i te rotarota o Mayakovsky. Satire pararopi rere ki enei innovations, me te hanga i te kāhua ahurei tūturu ki te rohipehe.

He aha te mea pūhohe?

Pūhohe - he ara o whakaahuatanga toi o mooni, ko tona mahi ngā i roto i tuu ia, manukí, whakahē o ari pāpori pakeke-patu. maha Satire whakamahi hyperbole me grotesque ki te hanga i te whakapakoko hē o te personifying taha kino herenga o mooni. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua - he huru kino i korerotia ki whakaaturia.

takotoranga rerehua o pūhohe ko te māra matua o uara humanistic: mahi tohu, te tika, te pono, ataahua.

I roto i te tuhinga Russian, pūhohe kua he hītori roa, e taea te kitea ona pakiaka kua i roto i te pakiwaitara, ia muri heke ki te kainga o ngā pukapuka whakawhetai ki te A. P. Sumarokovu, DI Fonvizin, me te tini ke atu. I roto i XX rautau he faito ore i roto i te rotarota i te mana o pūhohe Mayakovsky.

Pūhohe i roto i te irava

Kua i roto i nga tīmatanga o Vladimir Mayakovsky tahi ki te makasini "Satyricon New" me "Satyricon." Pūhohe o te wā Romantic, kua he tohu, me te e whakahaua ki te bourgeoisie. maha rotarota wawe o te pehe whakaritea ki Lermontov tika ki pato'iraa o te kaituhi "ahau" hapori a tawhio noa, e tika ana ki te mokemoke tutu korerotia. Ahakoa mārama tapaea e ratou he pūhohe o Mayakovsky. Irava tautuhinga pohara tata, nui atu taketake. I roto ia ratou he: "Tenei ko koe!", "Himene ki te pūtaiao", "Himene ki te kaiwhakawa," "Himene ki tina," ētahi atu Kua i roto i te taitara rawa o te mahi, rawa te "himene", rongo te taunu ...

auahatanga Post-orurehau Mayakovsky koimutu taui tona takotoranga. Na ana pūāhua - e kore bourgeois pai-whangai, me te hoariri o te revolution. E whakareia ana e kara me Poems pānui pakanga, e whakaata ana i te huringa a tawhio noa. whakamatauria He pehe rite artist, mai ngā tokomaha mahi o te aho, me te tuhi. Enei pānui kua tomo ki te raupapa o "Tuhinga matapihi". Ratou pūāhua - peasants mākahi me kaimahi, nga Whites me te bourgeoisie. He maha pānui whakatara nga kovi o to tatou wa, i noho i te ora o mua, rite ki te hapori pou-orurehau te mea pai Mayakovsky, me nga mea kino katoa i roto i reira - te toenga o te mua.

I roto i te mahi tino rongonui, e tae tona pūhohe tumutumu Mayakovsky -. Maau "Prozasedavshiesya", "I te paru" "Poem o te Butcher o Baba me te tauine whānui" whakamahi te pehe te grotesque ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga heahea, me te maha mahi ki tūranga maramarama me māramatanga noa o te mooni. te mana katoa o pūhohe Mayakovsky hāngai ana ki tuu ia hē me deformities o te ao.

Pūhohe i roto i te whakaari

e kore te pūhohe i roto i te auaha o Mayakovsky whāiti ki te rotarota, whakakitea ana e ia ano i roto i te tākaro, hoko hoki ratou tikanga-pokapū. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou - te reira "Bug" me "pati."

Ko te tākaro "Banya" i tuhituhia i roto i te 1930, a mai haamata te whakamāramatanga o tona momo korokë o te kaituhi, "he whakaari i roto i te ono mahi ki te circus me pahū." Fepaki ko reira i roto i te pato'iraa ki te Pobedonosikova kātipa, me te ihi Chudakov. I roto i te ano, ka mohio te hua kei te ngāwari, me te ngahau, engari ko te reira i te pakanga ki te taero poauau, me te hunga nanakia. nui whakatau te pakanga kei te tino noa: i tae mai te heke mai "wahine phosphoric" me e te pai o te tangata ki a ia i reira, te wahi i reira he Communism, a ka noho bureaucrats ki tetahi mea.

Ko te tākaro "Bug" i tuhituhia i roto i te 1929, a i roto i ona pa ririki Mayakovsky whawhai ki philistinism. Te protagonist, Pierre Skripkin, i muri i te faaipoiporaa i taka semeio taka ki te heke mai kominiusi. E kore e taea ki te āta mārama ki te whanaungatanga ki te ao o Mayakovsky. Satire pehe mercilessly ridicules ona kohakore: te mahi mahi e mīhini, aroha unu ... Skripkin konei te mea te tangata tino ora, me te pono. I raro i tona hapori mana āta tīmata ki te wahi i raro.

mutunga

ka Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky te whakakapi tika o te tuku iho o Saltykov-Shchedrin, ko N. V. Gogolya. Ko te whiti, me whakaari whakahaere ia ki te tautuhi tika i te "mariao" katoa me ngā huakore o kaituhi hapori hou. Pūhohe i roto i nga mahi o Mayakovsky he arotahi korerotia i runga i te whawhai ki philistinism, te bourgeoisie, te taero, te absurdity o te ao, me ona ture.