Alende Salvador: biography, whakaahua, korukī. Ko wai hurihia Salvador Allende?

Salvador Allende - ko wai te mea te reira? Ko ia i he 1970 ki te 1973 ko peresideni o Chile. I te wa ano koa ia rongonui faahiahia i roto i te USSR me te kimi huarahi Soviet. He aha ngā te aro o te iwi Salvador Alende? aroaro haurongo Poto o tenei tangata faahiahia, me kaupapa here kei te raro nei.

takenga

Ko te wāhi o Salvador Allende? ka anga tona haurongo i roto i Santiago Pipiri 26, 1908 ki te whānau o pūkenga me ngā kaitōrangapū. Tona-koroua nui i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, ko te hoa O'Higgins, upoko o te whakatikanga ake i roto i te fenua Tireni ki ture koroni Spanish. ko ruau Ramon Salvador Allende he kaiputaiao hauora, medfakulteta Dean te University o Chile, me te te taote e whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga o te Kiwa ki Bolivia me Peru, whakaritea he ope o rongoā hōia. ko te papa o Salvador he rōia, leftist.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

Hea ako ia, ka tupu ake Salvador Allende? Kua tonu tona haurongo i roto i nga kawanatanga ngā o Chile, El Salvador, i reira oho ki tana wahine, me wha tamariki i roto i te rapu a te wahi pai mo te akiaki e rave rahi taime i tona papa. I te pae hopea, i whakaritea e ia rōia i roto i te pa tauranga o Valparaiso. Here puta Allende Salvador i te kura hauora. whakakitea Kua i roto i nga tau i tona wawe ia te haafifi i ki mahi tōrangapū, ahu ki te Kotahitanga 'ākonga kāreti. I roto i te wawe 30-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga ka haere ia ki Santiago, a tomo te Medical Faculty o te University.

Hapori Republic o Chile i 1932

vai tenei āhua o wiki tika te tokorua i roto i te raumati o te tau 1932, ka puta i roto i te huru o oti tiango o te ora ōhanga o te whenua kia rite ki te hua o te Topatariraa Rahi. Kua riro te mana i roto i te Chile i te rōpū o te hōia maui-whakaaro tuwhena upoko e Marmaduke Grove (ko ia te hoa o tona papa, Salvador Allende, a ka marenatia teina o Grove ki tona tuahine), nei i kauwhautia te matenga o te Kawanatanga Revolutionary o te pāpori Republic o Chile. kauwhautia te kāwanatanga hou i roto i tona hōtaka te ara o te whakawhitinga ki te hapori, Kōawa o hinonga rautaki me pareparenga, te mana ngā o te hinonga ririki, te whakawhiti o whenua ki nga peasants, murunga mo herehere tōrangapū, o nei i reira e rave rahi i muri i te raupapa o nga whakaoho rongonui o mua i.

ka karanga Salvador Allende i runga i ngā ākonga whare wānanga ki te tautoko i te revolution. Otiia tahuri reira i roto i ki te kia poto-i ora ai i te rau tau, ka turakina te kāwanatanga pāhoro, i mauheretia ona ngā mema, me te tokomaha o nga kaitautoko o te revolution. I hopukina e ia me te ākonga tata hauora Alende Salvador (i mua noa i te tīmatanga o te revolution, riro ia tona tohu hauora), i roto nei i roto i te pa Housing te Carabinieri (te tairitenga o te mua Interior), a ka tamata e te marae hōia.

I tenei wa i roto i Valparaiso puta i te mate o tona papa, a ka kawea El Salvador i raro i ārahi ki tona whare ki te papa me te tama i taea mea poroporoaki. Ka rite ki muri ia haamana'o, i roto i tenei momeniti fakamamahi ka haere mai te faaotiraa ki te whawhai mo te wikitoria o te tika pāpori i roto i tona ngakau.

Waimarie hoki Allende hurihanga te kāwanatanga pāhoro o te hunga tutu ratou hohoro ngaro te mana, a ka rave rahi atu takaí, tae noa ki te peresideni wā e kore kua kauwhautia Figueroa he murunga mō herehere tōrangapū. Hoki hoki mahi tōrangapū ki te kōrero ki a Island Aranga Marmaduke Grove, i tukua e ia ko Alende Salvador.

Mātauranga Party-pāpori

I roto i te puna o 1933, ka haere mai he maha o ngā whakahaere hapori e whai wāhi i roto i te mau ohipa orurehau o 1932 tahi, ka hanga e te Pāti pāpori o Chile, (ahu te rōpū mō te rua tekau tau noa tona mate i roto i tau 1954), a tetahi o nga mema o tino kaha nei rangatira ka Marmaduke Grove - Allende El Salvador. I maoro i hanga e ia te whakahaere o te Rōpū pāpori i roto i Valparaiso. I te tau 1937, i pōtitia Allende ki te National Congress o Valparaiso kawanatanga.

I 1938, i te kawenga mō te Allende kaupapa o te Popular mua, whakaingoatia ratou kaitono peresideniraa o te tuwhena Pedro Aguirre Cerda. pepeha Popular Mua "taro, whakaruru, me te mahi!". I muri toa i te pōtitanga Cerda Alende Salvador ka minita hauora i roto i te kāwanatanga Popular mua reformist, i te wā e Radicals. I tona pou, ka whakanuia e ia te whakatamarikitanga o te whānui o whakahounga pāpori ahu whakamua, tae atu i te ture haumaru tiaki kaimahi i roto i te wheketere, penihana teitei hoki pouaru ngā, te Ture Maternity Protection me te introduction o ngā kai utu mō kura.

mahi tōrangapū i roto i te 40-60s

I muri i te mate te peresideni Aguirre Cerda o roto 1941, i pōtitia anō Allende he mema o te pāremata, a i roto i 1942 ka e ia te hēkeretari whānui o te Pāti pāpori. Mai i 1945 ki te 1969, i pōtitia Allende toofa ngā kawanatanga Chilean i, a i roto i 1966 ka peresideni o te Chilean kaumatua. I roto i te 50s ka whakanekehia e ia te whakataki o te ture e hanga te Chilean Ratonga Hauora National, te hōtaka tuatahi i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite ki kī tiaki hauora ao.

Mai whawhai te timatanga o nga 50s Allende toru nga wa i momoho mo te peresideniraa. e toru nga wa katoa, ko ia te kaitono o te mua "Mahi Popular", hanga e te te mua me Kominiusi.

Elections 1970

I roto i te pōtitanga peresideniraa tū taua tau, i riro e te kaitono o te kimi huarahi hou pōti "National e uouangatahá" (tito o te mua, Kominiusi, me etahi rōpū pokapū-maui) Salvador Allende Goossens. Toa i te reira i kore mea rawa papû - piro ia ōrau noa 36,2 o te pōti, i tona tāwhai tata, he peresideni mua Chili Jorge Alessandri riro 34.9 ōrau. Ko te toru o nga nguha, e whai wāhi i roto i te pōtitanga o te Karaitiana Democratic Party, pōti mo te toenga o nga kaipōti, i te hōtaka e he tata ki te "uouangatahá National". Na e taea tatou amo i te hapori Chilean i roto i manakohia o huringa. E ai ki te Chilean Constitution, whakaaetia te National Congress rite peresideni te kaitono e whiwhi i te maha rawa o ngā pōti, arā. E. Allende.

wā faafariuraa peresideniraa

Kia i roto i te mana, ka anga Allende ki te kawe i te "ara Chilean ki hapori." Hoki tau e toru te kāwanatanga o "uouangatahá National" nationalized, arā, tukua i runga i ki te āhua te rauemi tūturu matua o te whenua: .... kapa me te ore rino putunga, i hanga putunga o waro, pākawa, etc. rāngai tūmatanui, i ngā hea i te raiona o o te Chilean ahumahi. I raro i te mana o te kāwanatanga, ko te rängai pēke, me te hokohoko ke. faaho'ihia mai Allende kāwanatanga whanaunga ki Cuba a te hara herehere tōrangapū.

State whiwhi ratou ringa ki runga ki te nui ngā rauemi pūtea i kauhoe mua i roto i te puka o hua i roto i te ringa o rangatira pakihi. Ko taea ki te tino whakaara paerewa ora. Kua iti utu tūturu o te hanga kaimahi kua nui haere e 56% i roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o 1971, i roto i te wā kotahi, tūturu utu iti "kara ma" kua nui haere e 23%. Ka rite ki te hua, te kaha hoko o te taupori nui haere e 28% i roto i te wā i Noema 1970 ki Hōngongoi-Oketopa 1971. hinga te auau pikinga i 36.1% i roto i te 1970 ki te 22.1% i te 1971, i tupu toharite utu tūturu e 22.3% i roto i 1971. Ahakoa te meka e te whakaterenga o te pikinga i roto i nga tau 1972-1973. wahi turakina o te hua utu tuatahi, tupu te reira tonu (i runga i toharite) i roto i ngā tūturu, me i roto i enei tau.

expropriated Allende kāwanatanga whenua katoa e nui waru tekau "matua" ha, na e i roto i te wā o te tekau ma waru marama i memeha latifundia Chili katoa (whenua nui ahuwhenua).

penihana iti i nui haere e te nui rite ki te whawhati Tōtoru te auau o te pikinga ranei. I waenganui i 1970 me 1972, tau o taua penihana kua nui haere e te katoa o 550%.

I te tuatahi o nga tau o te ora wā Allende rawa pai nga hua ōhanga: 12% hua i roto i te hanga ahumahi me te hua i roto i te GDP, 8.6%, haere tahi e te hekenga nui i roto i te pikinga (i 34.9% ki te 22.1%) me te auau (ki runga, ki te 3.8% ).

Allende māngai o te uho o te manapori

Peresideni o te pāpori me te pea e kore te he idealist e natura whakapono e ka haere nga rangatira o mua o te rawa nationalized ki tetahi nekehanga ki te kawea mai ratou ki muri. He aha tūmanakohia te i tona faafariuraa Salvador Allende? Quotes i ona kupu whakaatu i whakapono ia i roto i te aonga o te manapori. Na, ka mea ia, "manapori Chili ko te raupatu o te iwi katoa, ko reira kore hanga ranei te mea homai noa o te akomanga Maori, a ka tiaki te reira i te hunga e patunga tapu, putu mo whakatupuranga maha, kawea ia .....". T. E. Alende whakapono e pūtahi kāwanatanga, rite ki te mau parau tumu o te manapori, ka kawe i te pai ai o te nuinga o te iwi (ie. E wahi underprivileged o reira) rite te ātete ki te ngākau nuitanga o te tokoiti propertied. whakaaturia History kua e ko ia he.

Ko wai hurihia Salvador Allende?

Nuitia a puku ki te "National e uouangatahá" kaupapa here kāwanatanga hanga te kāwanatanga US i haumi ki nui corporations US. anga tonu ratou i te pakanga o te strangulation ōhanga o te kāwanatanga Chilean hou. Ki te whakarato pūtea taurewa utaina tonu here, i waiho i raro nei ki te whakatio loans kore anake i te US ake, engari ano hoki i runga i ngā whakahaere pūtea te ao katoa i roto i nei te United States, a ka, a inaianei te tākaro i te wāhi nui.

ko ahumahi Chili i roto i tenei pā i runga i kai o rauemi mata me ngā wāhanga e manawapa. US tukunga ki te hoko i ona whenua rāhui parahi rautaki, kua hinga, atu te utu o tenei whakarewa, i whakaaetia te hoko o nga moni utu ke matua o te whare taonga Chilean. Tuhinga o parahi Chili faaitehia te pēhanga ta'ehanotatau ki te faahepo ia ratou ki te whakaatu i te rāhui i runga i tona hopu, tae atu ara te hunga moni e i kua i roto i te tauranga mo te unloading. aratohu Chili ki o ratou tono katoa ki te hanga hou i te nama waho putu e kāwanatanga mua, kua riro te kore categorical.

Ka rite ki te hua, i te 1972 kua tae te taumata o te pikinga i Chile 140%. Toharite GDP tūturu heke i waenganui i 1971 me 1973. i te tere ā-tau o te 5.6% ( "tupu tōraro"); a ka nui haere te tarepa pūtea kāwanatanga, i hinga rāhui utu ke.

hohoro ka mau a United States te ruruku tika o nga ope tōrangapū ngaro ātete ki Allende, a te whakarato ratou ki te pūtea, me te tohutohu. tomo te whenua timata i te rōpū o āpiha CIA ki te whakarite ngā mahi subversive. misioni hōia American i roto i Chile nuitia whakaoho te rangatira Chilean ki takahi te kāwanatanga.

I kua haere nga whata kai taketake (tutu ratou rangatira), i arahina ki te hua i roto i te mākete pango o te raihi, pini, te huka me te paraoa. Paremata, nga marae, sabotaged nga whekau o kāwanatanga mehua mana o te kāwanatanga. Media kuware iwi, horahia hau peresideni kino, whakaoho aitua me te counter mehua o te kāwanatanga hou. Arai i raro ki te mahi ki te hōia kāwanatanga, hei tauira, ki te rangatira ope Carlos Prats, nei, i takoha i raro i te pēhanga o te pāpāho rihaina. I roto i tenei take, te rīhainatanga o tona rangatira o ngā kaimahi kaha i whakakikitia e nga Chilean Army Augusto Pinochet, e utu mahi ngutu ki te tika i roto i te whenua, engari i roto i te meka atawhai te whakaaro o te tukipoto i hōia. A i mua i mahue Prats tūtohu ia ki te peresideni rite tona riiwhi. Alende Salvador ko Pinochet hohoro hoki te tahi tau ahuru matahiti hei tohu rāua o nga ngā Chilean toto heke mai.

Na, e hurihia Salvador Allende? i te reira i hōia Chili reactionary, e tautokona ana e te kāwanatanga US.

Tukipoto o 1973

I roto i te raumati o 1973 kua tupuheke te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua. I roto i te mutunga o Pipiri, i reira ko he nganatanga tuatahi i te tukipoto i hōia, i i reira i taea ki te ārai. I roto i tenei nganatanga, ka karanga Allende i te kaimahi ki te noho wheketere, whenua me ngā whare tūmatanui. I roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te whenua i hanga e ratou Sovietí o kaitohutohu kaimahi 'me peasants' e kua riro te mana ki o ratou ringa ake.

I roto i te whakautu ki te patu kua timata kamupene trucking. Kua tata mutu te whenua supply kai i roto i te pa. requisitioned Kāwanatanga nga rangatira o nga waka. I muri i taua, katoa i runga i te whenua timata kaiwhakatuma mahi, pahūtanga, ngā rārangi mana, me pipelines. I te wa ano pau puku General Pinochet i te Ope a Navy o te tahia tūturu o rangatira me hoia tautoko i te "National e uouangatahá". smuggled ratou i roto i Valparaiso tauranga, te wahi i puritia ai ia i roto i te mau o kaipuke o te whawhai, torturing.

I roto i te mutunga o August, korero te peresideni i roto i ki te Pāremata, whakaaturia te kāwanatanga te whenua hetia. I roto i te tīmatanga o Mahuru 1973 e whakaarohia ana te peresideni te whakaaro o te whakaoti i te raruraru kaupapa ture i te he filí. Kōrero whakamārama ana i te otinga taua i ki te mea i runga i Mahuru 11 ano Allende Salvador. Ko te tukipoto, i runga i tenei ra i hanga he hōia Chili, arahina e Pinochet, whakakore i te mahere.

Alende Salvador: te mate me te tahuti ore

Taimi nounou ki mu'a te hopu i tutu o La Moneda (peresideniraa Palace), i taea te rongo matā me pahūtanga marama i roto i te papamuri ki, ka mea a Allende i te kupu poroporoaki irirangi, korero o ia i roto i te kukū mua, o tona aroha mo Chile me o tona whakapono hohonu i roto i te heke mai o te whenua. ka mea ia,

"Kaimahi o toku whenua, i ahau te whakapono i roto i Chile me tona haerea. Ka hinga Ētahi atu tangata tenei momeniti pouri me te kawa, ka rapu he i ki riro. Kia mahara ki e hohoro ka whakatuwheratia ano te ara nui kia, a ka wewete i reira iwi ki te hanga i te hapori pai . Kia ora Chile! Kia ora te iwi, kia ora te kaimahi! ".

Taimi nounou mei ai, ua faaite te hunga tutu e tukua Allende whakamomori, ahakoa kei te kōrero tonu nga huru o tona mate i tohunga. I mua i tona mate, i whakaahuatia e ia rave rahi mau taime ki te pū AK-47, riro he homai i Fidel Castro. Na noho ake i roto i te mahara o te iwi Chilean, Salvador Allende, he whakaahua o nei whakaaturia te runga ake. Peresideni, e kore ki koropiko ki te kawe.