AIDS: Ngā me Prospects

Human Virus Immunodeficiency Human huaketo ārai (HIV) ranei, no ki te whānau retrovirus me puninga Lentivirus. Tenei puninga ngā māngai o e meinga tini o nga mate hopuhopu o te toto, me te hē ārai i roto i te kararehe whāngote.

Ko te take, me te tāutu o

māngai tēnei momo e rua āpiha kore-pūtau - HIV-1 me HIV-2, e taea o meinga i Hokona Immunodeficiency Syndrome - (. Engl i Hokona ārai syndrome, AIDS) AIDS. Heoi, rerekē enei momoroto i te tere o te whanaketanga mate. Kei te whakapono te reira e rua o te momo HIV-2 iti pukuriri ki te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata. I whānui tohaina ia i roto i Ahia, Europe, Amerika me Africa.

whakaputaina te kitenga autaia i roto i te buka aamu Pūtaiao, i te mea kua kitea reira te aroaro o te kaihoko hopuhopu i roto i te waitinana kōpuku wahine nei i tukua e te syndrome runga ake. whakakitea tātaritanga DNA e whai nga momo iti e rua o te huaketo ārai tangata rerekē takenga. ka tahuri te whanaunga tata o HIV-1 i ki hei te huaketo e ai te whanaketanga o te ārai i roto i makimaki, ka anga ka ki whakaaro ratou rite te momo o te taua momo. Kei te whakapono te reira e te huaketo te tangata i ki taua mea i roto i te whakapā ki te kararehe huaketo. e pā ana te momo tuarua i ki lymphadenopathy.

Ka titiro tēnei tuhinga i pehea AIDS puta, te mau hopearaa o te horapa o tona tautoko mo te tinana tangata.

tukanga kirimana

tukanga mate angamaheni o wheori katoa. Roto te pūtau, whakauru kaihoko hopuhopu tona DNA ki te helix ope pūira, te kupu te huri i te āhua o tona whakaaturanga ira, hua i roto i te hua i roto i te ōrau o te pukupuku mārere.

whakawhanake AIDS ki te ingestion o hopuhopu kaihoko HIV. pāngia e te reira i te pūtau katoa i runga i te mata o nei he receptor immunoglobulin motuhake. I roto i whakapā takoto ki te hoa pangia rite te huaketo tuatahi pūtau dendritic me macrophages, kopikopiko i te epithelium o kikokiko, enei receptors me lymphocytes T (pūtau T e tautuhi me te whakangaro antigens ke) hakari i roto i te plurality i roto i te kiriuhi mucous. Ki te tomo te huaketo te tinana i roto i te waiu, uma, ki te kuwaha e mahi tona M-pūtau pāti a Peyer.

I te pae hopea, ki te tomo i te huaketo te bloodstream, reira heipü tomo te taikiri, e he hakari pūtau ope pea te faaiteraa i T-lymphocytes tonu. E hoki nga taikiri i roto i ngā pūtau antigen-whakaatu (whakangaro antigens), e taea te tuku i te huaketo AIDS. Ko te mau hopearaa e tino nui tonu.

atamira o te mate

I roto i nga ra tuatahi i muri i whakawhanake mate wāhanga whakapeka o te mate, ina te nui o te huaketo tere kawe e tata katoa pūtau o receptors immunoglobulin, te nuinga o ratou mate. Na ka riro kaihoko hopuhopu āhua moe, me te Kei te rongoa nuinga rite te provirus (whakaurua i roto i te pūtau ope), paetata te nuinga i roto i T-lymphocytes. E hanga e ratou i muri i te hui ki te antigen motuhake, a kua whakahohe ina kitea ano. e kore e ratou uri i roto i te nui iti komuhumuhu i roto i te bloodstream.

Na ka tae mai te wā asymptomatic o te mate, i roto i nei riro te taupori viral ira heterogeneous tika ki te haaputuputuraa o irakētanga. Nga◊i ia heke te maha o T-pūtau no te mea mate ratou tukuruatanga rite viral.

He mōrearea a AIDS tenei. Ko te mau hopearaa o te mate ngā i roto i te meka e i te wā i muri mai o te tau syndrome o ngā pūtau T heke arohaehae, whakarea o te huaketo i roto i te kopa o te taikiri arata'i ki tupu o te mua, a ka riro te nuinga o mate huaketo e wātea ana mo te whānui o ngā pūtau ope whānui. Hohea kaiuru cytotoxic whakautu pūtau ārai, ātete ki paturopi anti-viral, i roto i ētahi wā, rerekē tropism kiko.

I roto i te wā o te whanaketanga o te mate, me tetahi mate taea taea e mate mo te rauropi. Ki te whakamārama o AIDS i roto i te iwi ki te pūnaha ārai faaoti maha whakawhanake atu mate viral. Hei tauira, kua roa kua whakaaro HIV he take o te mate pukupuku, engari reira i muri puta e meinga te vaivai o te mana ārai o te mate pukupuku e te tukumate tino rerekē, a ehara i te mea te pānga o HIV me AIDS.

taea ki te akakoromaki i HIV mate aha pūnaha ārai mate te tangata, ko te?

Ko te meka Ko e tahuri te huaketo HIV i roto i ki te waiho i te "raweke" mohio, whakapohehe io nga turanga o te wātea i te mate, me te aufauraa i te reira ki te painga o ratou. "Painga" Ko te kaha o te roa HIV ki te noho i roto i te puka moe. Ki te muri tonu te mate tuatahi ki te tukanga pathogenic tāmia te, ka āta (i runga i te maha o nga tau) te whakangaromia e te pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te ūnga matua o te huaketo ko T-lymphocytes. Te tikanga rere ratou he maha o ngā tauhohe whakautu ārai i roto i te mate ngaro o ratou kaha ki te proliferate, a ka heke te tokomaha katoa. Ko te tahi atu pūtau pūnaha ārai mate (B-lymphocytes, monocytes me NK-pūtau) ki te mohio ki te aukati i tohu takawaenga o ngā pūtau T maha tīmata te tauhohenga autoimmune. Kati ki te mahi tikanga, me ngā pūtau antigen-whakaatu katoa, pera kua huaketo hoki ratou ki te huaketo.

He aha ahau he ahau taua pānga mate AIDS?

hua te tinana huaketo he paturopi neutralizing ki HIV. Heoi, e kore he nui to ratou maha, a i roto i te tahi mau tikanga e kore e ara tiakina ratou rite te stimulant mo te rerekētanga o te huaketo. I roto i te whakarara, he maha o paturopi synthesized, epitopes e īnaki (moiety mohio e te antibody) kōpaki viral, a kahore iti wātea hoki ratou glycoproteins haamauraa motuhake. Taua paturopi te hopoia painga mohio e nga pūtau o te pūnaha ārai mate.

I roto i ētahi wā, te macrophages tāpiri kaha o te huaketo ki te taunekeneke ki receptors atu i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau ūnga, ka tomo ki roto ki a ratou i te endocytosis. Ko te kupu, ko te whakautu ārai humoral, te patu kaha tino o te pūnaha ārai mate i roto i HIV mate he tino pakaru.

tohu

Tonu ia ite he uaua te mate, no te mea i roto i nga tīmatanga o te mate i kahore tohumate. Ka taea te ngāwari raruraru te tohu muri ki ētahi atu mate. Hei tauira, taikiri rahi, rohirohi ma'i me te ngoikore, mate o hiahia, mate taimaha, ngaronga mahara, whakaaro kohu - Ka taea e te katoa o ēnei tohu e meinga e tueke kai. Na tenei, ko ētahi wā rite te mau hopearaa o HIV mate, me te AIDS.

Na reira, Me nga tohu e whai ake nei ki te tino whakarongo: sweating nui Chills ranei, ina koa i roto i te wa po, te putanga o ngā momo o kotingotingo ranei rashes i runga i te kiri, hāhā o te manawa, me te maremare tere, kirika, tauwhatinga o te mahi noa whēkau.

whakaaro tētahi tohu nui te ki he nui haere auau o takanga o mate fungal. E pā ana tēnei ki te moepuku e rua, me te i roto i wheori herpes, mate o te kōhao-waha, me etahi atu. Na reira, i te ahua i te taua wa atu o nga tohu e whai ake nei he mea nui ki te kia whakamatauria, e kore ki te whakahua i te whakamātautau ā-tau hauora ki te tātari AIDS i te wā. Ngā pānga o te mate e taea whakaatu ano i tetahi wa.

tatauranga mate

Ahakoa nga tautooraa o tākuta, pūtaiao, te iwi whānui, take tautoko, tonu te raruraru ruarua te mana, a ki te ū te āhuatanga noa homai te rave'a. E ai ki te Health Organization World, i te mutunga o nga 80s ki 2006, i te "whiu o te rau tau rua tekau" patua neke atu i te 25 miriona te iwi. No te whenua maha, riro tenei raruraru atu whakapeka. E ai ki nga raraunga ua faaite i te amuiraa te ao i runga i AIDS i 2010, kua whakaaro ake atu i te 40 miriona iwi ki te huaketo kawe o te mate. E kōrero pūtake me ngā huanga o AIDS i runga.

Raraunga i runga i te mate

Russian pokapū pūtaiao-raupapa o anti-ārai syndrome homai te raraunga e whai ake nei i runga i te pangia, mai 1994:

• 1994 - 887 te iwi;.
• 1999 - 30647 iwi;.
• 2004 - 296 045 iwi,;
• 2009 - 516 167 iwi.

Na roto i te tātari i ēnei raraunga, he reira taea ki te ahu mai i te akiaki o te urutā. hapori Modern a tonu me tūtohutanga o atu tinana tūhuratanga ki āpiha viral kihai i taua pānga kia whakamataku o AIDS. I runga i te tinana o nga mahi huaketo i mārama kino.

Treatment me te ārai

hangaia e kaha korerotia o HIV he raruraru nui i roto i te rapu mō huarahi ki AIDS therapy. E pā ana mehua tokomaha o te tiaki ki mate viral ki whakaongaonga o te pūnaha ārai mate me te huaketo te tino ofati tona mahi ruruku, i roto i tenei take i taea e arahi ki hopearaa ohorere.

E kore e taea ki te whawhai HIV, whakangaro huaketo katoa ratou pūtau no te mea e arahi tenei ki te mate tina heke o te mahara ārai. Ko te pānga o AIDS tenei. I runga i te tinana tangata Me ki te whai i etahi atu pānga.

aronga te fafau i roto i te whanaketanga o AIDS therapy - he rapu mō taero e pehi i te tāruarua o te huaketo i roto i te wahi tuatahi o te tukanga o te te tuhi whakamuri, i rite taua ko tata ngaro i roto i eukaryotes. I roto i tenei aronga, me etahi angitu. Na, ki te mea i roto i te huatū whakamutunga o hapūtanga, tango i te whaea taero "Azt" "Lamivudine" ranei, te tamaiti i roto i 99% o ngā take e kore whanau huaketo kotahi ki HIV. Ko te whakamahi o te therapy tino antiretrotvirusnoy ina Kei te manawanui maimoatanga i te wa taua inhibitor whakamuri transcriptase me te inhibitor protease, tuku hoki tau ki pōturi iho ahunga whakamua o te mate.

mutunga

Vaccination ki AIDS tonu ainei, mai kore e reira whakamārama maha āhuatanga o te pānga o HIV i runga i te pūnaha ārai mate. Ehara i whakakitea noa atu immunogenic epitopes o pūmua viral. Ko te tere o te irakētanga o te huaketo kua tomo e te tinana tangata, ko te tiketike rawa, e faaore te taea o te whanaketanga o kano wā roa-, i taea werohanga tutuki whakaongaonga te whanaketanga o te mate. Ko nga nunu'a nanakia te mea AIDS enei.