Aha sours waiu, me taonga hohoro

Miraka - he hua kai nui. No miharo matou matua i huaina kāinga kau "nēhi." Nā ki ona āhuatanga ahurei, he reira he puna o ngā matūkai maha, me te pūtake mo te hanga o te rōpū nui o ngā hua waiu, me te miraka. Tenei hanga he taea hoki o te hehema ki te inu FERMENTATION. Hei te mārama he aha tahuri kawa te waiu, kia kite a te mea ngā reira o.

He aha matū kitea i roto i te waiu

Milk tikanga hoki kai o uri kararehe. Kei roto te reira i te whānuitanga ki tonu o ngā matūkai e tika ana mo te tipu me te whanaketanga o nga kohungahunga. Digestibility o ngā matūkai he tiketike rawa, me te tata ki te 95%.

Na faikehekehe nui te waiu o te kararehe o ngā momo rerekē i roto i Calories me ihirangi ine o matū koiora. Kia noho tatou i runga i te hanganga o te waiu o te kau. Kei te reira i te kai e whai ake nei:

• Water - 87.5%.
• Ngako - 3.5%.
• Pūmua - casein, albumin, globulin - 3.3%.
• Milk huka - reihuka - 4.7%.
• Whänui me microelements (wāhanga kohuke) - 1%.
• Huaora.
• Whākōkī.
• Paturopi e tiaki te whanau hou i mate.

He he ano hoki te nui etahi o huakita e no ki te tipu noa i roto i te waiu. Ko ratou te whakahoki ki te pātai "aha te waiu kawa?". no reira, taa ê Biology o papapūata me, te momo o te FERMENTATION meinga e ratou.

Ko te huakita e meinga te FERMENTATION hiahiatia

Ko te "whai hua" fermenting waiu whai wāhi waikawa lactic, huakita waikawa propionic, pata kefir me te waiu rewena.

huakita waikawa lactic roto i te waiu i roto i te vivo, a ko te matua "pūhia" o te aha te waiu kawa. Biology o huakita e hāngai ana i runga i te tukatuka o reihuka ki te waikawa lactic. Ka rite ki te hua, nui haere inu kawatanga, ka whakaiti te casein pūmua. Ētahi momo o huakita waikawa lactic te whakaurua ki roto ki te waiu mō miraka pē, tīhi, tīhi waiu kawa, kirīmi kawa me te acidophilus. Tenei rōpū ngā: acidophilic, tīhi Bulgarian, me Bacillus waikawa lactic; streptococci lactic.

huakita waikawa Propionic whakaurua ki te waiu i roto i te tīhi production. Ka rite ki te hua o te tukatuka o te waiu, huka propionic i hanga, me te waikawameha ahetiki me te hauhā tukua te.

Tukutahi ki te FERMENTATION waikawa lactic o te waiu e taea rere me te FERMENTATION waipiro. Kei te meinga te reira na roto i te rewena motuhake, me te whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te miraka pē.

Hoki tetepe te waiu katoa he nui ki te waiho i roto i te wahi mahana mō te 1-2 ra. Ko mo te hanga o ētahi atu hua o microorganisms hiahiatia whakaurua ki te tïpako rite. Tenei whakamārama aha tahuri kawa ki te hua ngā te waiu.

miraka pē ha

I tua atu ki te FERMENTATION e hiahiatia ana, meinga etahi microorganisms waikawa butyric FERMENTATION. Ko te aha ia riri te waiu - kawa. tahuri Sporulating huakita waikawa butyric reihuka ki te hauhā, waikawa butyric me te hauwai. Ka rite ki te hua, riro te waiu reka kawa, me te haunga kino. Tenei FERMENTATION e wahi te nuinga i roto i te waiu oneone, ka pasteurized, me te tiihi. Ko te meka e papapūata whakawhiti pāmahana butyric e koropupu mo te wa roa (30 meneti) me noho tangata anake hua skvasit ahei.

Ko tētahi atu take he aha tahuri te waiu kawa, me te riro kia reka kino huakita e pirau whakawhanake i roto i te waiu hou i roto i te hui o te contamination, a roto i te ofatiraa o te tikanga o te rokiroki. Putrefactive huakita faaitoito ratou pānga i runga i te hua i te pāmahana i raro + 10 ° C, waikawa lactic taea i + 10 ° C - + 20 ° C. Haunga te waikawa lactic, papapūata putrefactive e patua e pasteurization, na te waiu i te putea maha "riro pirau", kaua ki te skvashivaetsya. I roto i tenei take, nga microorganisms wahia iho pūmua, me te ngako o te waiu, e tika ana ki te hua ki te pirau āhuatanga pirau kakara rancid ranei.

He aha hohoro te waiu sours

Ko te auau o te FERMENTATION o te waiu tei runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga.

• Ko te pāmahana tino arotau mō te whanaketanga o te huakita lactic ko i + 30 ° C ki te 40 ° C. I tenei pāmahana, tahuri kawa te waiu rawa hohoro. Na kia mau ki te hua i roto i te pouaka whakamātao i + 4 ° C.
• hokona Milk i roto i te toa, hohoro tahuri kawa, ara, no te rongoa i roto i te pouaka e tika ana ki te takahi o te hangarau ahumahi. kia ēnei ngā: kore ki te ū ki te tikanga parukore i te pāmu i roto i miraka me te transportation, kore i roto i te tukanga sterilization o te hua, te tūkino o te tapatahi o te tākai, rauemi kounga tākai rawakore, me te pera i runga i.

Te reira i Me kï e hoki hou te waiu ngā taketake - māori tukanga i ruma pāmahana, te reira te tīmatanga i muri āhua 12-24 haora i muri Forestripping i tetahi kau. hohoro te waiu Mixed sours. Hei whakawhānui i te whakamahi papa-ora taua tikanga hangarau, rite pasteurization me te sterilization. E hāngai ana ratou i runga i te maimoatanga waiariki o te hua, engari aratau puaretanga rerekē.

pasteurization

kawea Pasteurisation o te waiu e i roto i te maha ngā huarahi:

• Incubated mō te 30 meneti i + 65 ° C.
• I te pāmahana o + 75 ° C mō te 15 ki te 40 hēkona.
• Temperature + 85 ° C, ko te wa maimoatanga o 8-10 hēkona.

Taua waiu mau te wahi nui o huaora me whākōkī, me te nuinga o te huakita e patua. "I roto i nga rarangi" he papapūata wera-ātete anake. whakamārama tenei he aha te roa o sours te waiu. waiu pasteurized kei te rongoa i roto i te pouaka mo te 2 wiki. Hoki te whakamahia he hua taua mo te hanga ngā microorganisms me hua FERMENTATION whakahaua.

Ko te ara pai ki te tiaki i te mōrahi o ngā matū whai hua - ultra-pasteurization. Ki tenei tikanga i raro i te waiu e ki tiketike pāmahana (+ 135 ° C) mō te 3-4 hēkona. Kei te ka te matao o te hua ki + 4 ° C, ka tākai i roto i te tākai horomata. I roto i te rerekē ki te Pasteurisation mua puka spore ātete (tae atu ki ngā huakita putrefactive) e patua. Ka taea te rongoa UHT waiu i roto i te pouaka mo runga ki e rua nga marama.

sterilization

Sterilization whakamate microorganisms katoa. Ko tenei waiu horomata, Kikī i roto i te tākai iroiti, te mea he ora papa o 12 marama. Te tangata e matau, he aha e kore kawa waiu kāinga i muri i kohua, - no te mea te huakita e patua. Otiia i te whare i reira he kore ara ki te whakahaere tukatuka nui-pāmahana, me te ki te whakarato i huakita-free rohe mahi me te tākai iroiti. Otiia i roto i te taiao ahumahi te oneone te waiu i te pāmahana o +120 - + 150 ° C mō te 20-30 meneti. he hua taua he iti uara no te mea ngaro e te nuinga o nga huaora me whākōkī. Ano no te mea e kore e taea ki te faaineine i te pärönaki waikawa lactic.

Ehara i te waiu kawa i kau te kāinga?

Ko tētahi atu take he aha te waiu kore o kau kawa, kia waiho he takahi o pākia i roto i te tinana o nga kau. I roto i te take o te ōwehenga hē i roto i te huka whāngai me te pūmua, puta te mate, ka te overfeeding pūmua, e kiia nei ko "ketosis." Ko te tino kino ki te tinana tangata ketone waiu, tata skvashivaetsya me o te kirīmi paheke tahuri kawa ki te aftertaste kawa.

Fermenting hua waiu

E mohiotia hua miraka mai i nga wa onamata. He ona ara ake o te whakarite i tenei kai faahiahia, me te reka katoa ahurea. rerekē ratou te nuinga i roto i te hanganga tuatahi o te waiu, me te rewena whakaurua.

• He ngāwari ki te faaineine i te kāinga Yogurt. Ki te mahi i tenei, tāpiri i te mahana kohuatia rīriri waiu - he spoonful o miraka pē kirīmi kawa ranei. E tu i roto i te wahi mahana mo e pā ana ki te ra. Kefir - he miraka pē Ukrainian i te waiu mahana.
• Kei te tūtohu Acidophilus mō te iwi ki te mate whēkau. Ko maitai Kia whakahokia te microflora o te wahi gastrointestinal te hua.
• Kei te maha te miraka pē tāpiri ki te hua me te kākano whakakī.
• Ka taea e Kefir kia o ngā momo rerekē. purapura Kefir e kua hanga ki te hua taketake, te whakaputa waikawa lactic me FERMENTATION waipiro. Ko te ihirangi waipiro o te inu pae i 0.2% ki te 0.6%, i runga i te roanga o te matuatanga rānei. Whakapaia e taea te miraka pē kia i te kāinga, engari mo e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i te ahurea o te harore. I roto i nga wa onamata, kei te pera moku miraka e rewena matatū tiakina i prying kanohi, ka haere i runga i i te whaea ki te tamahine, ano he hakari i homai nei.
• Koumiss rite nga iwi o Central Asia i a te mare ranei waiu kamera o. Kua whakaora te reira i ngā āhuatanga i roto i mate o te puku, me te paru, me te mate kohi.
• rite hoki tīhi, tīhi, pata kisloslivochnoe ki te momo o tīmata.

Rokiroki i te hua waiu, me te waiu i roto i te ipu hiri ma, e pupuri i te pāmahana me te wā i whakaritea i runga i te tākai i te kaiwhakanao. A pee i te tūtohutanga, me te pātai o "he aha hohoro kawa waiu?" E kore e ara ake. Ki te kahore he arata'iraa mārama i runga i te aratau rokiroki, arata'ihia e te pāmahana o + 4 ° C - ko reira e tika ana mō tata katoa hua miraka. Kia mahara ki e kai miraka titau tupato, me te kai pahuatia e taea meinga poisoning nui.