Whiringa 13 - Day International o te matapo. Events i runga i te ra International o te matapo

Ehara i anake rā koa tohua e te hapori ao. He hunga, i runga i Noema 13 - te ra International o te matapo. Ko reira i tenei wa i roto i 1745, i whanau ahau Valentin Haüy - kaiwhakarewa o tetahi o te tuatahi i roto i te hītori o ngā kura mo te matapo, kaiako me te tūao, nei whakaaro te tikanga o te whakaako pānui pai i mua i te mea kua hanga e koe Tuhi Kāpō.

Valentin Haüy - tiflopedagog tuatahi o te ao

Ko te pūtaiao o te mātauranga me te whakangungu o tangata ki hauā ataata riro te pana tuatahi i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII. A ka ia te reira i Valentina Gayui - French kaiako, philanthropist me te ihi, ko wai i tetahi o te tiflopedagogov tuatahi, ka whakaputaina te pukapuka tuatahi mo te matapo i roto i te ao.

whanau tenei tangata i roto i 1745 e tata ana te pa o Amiens, i te hapu o te kaiwhatu French rawakore. riro ia mātauranga teitei i roto i te pane, a mahi pera he iriti i te Foreign Tāhuhu. tai'o Hauy i te maha reo Eastern, taukei reo Roma, Kariki, Hiperu.

I roto i te 1974, e ia te taahiraa matamua ki te mea i muri e kia mohiotia te rā o tona whanautanga kei te ki he tokomaha: Whiringa 13 - te ra International o te matapo. Ka rite ki tū kē he kaiako me te ngaio, oroko ia he kura mō ngā tamariki matapo, me e te reira i tona whare i utua e, i waho te āwhina o te kāwanatanga atu kaitautoko ranei.

akonga Tuatahi tamariki manene reira timata ki te whakangungu Hauy i whakamahia tona tikanga ake, me te momotuhi whakawhanakehia e ia - "anisialé".

whakaaro ia me te pūrere tā "tapa" whakaturia ake i te press tā kura, ka whakaputaina i roto i tona pukapuka. I haere tahi tenei katoa e te nui ataahua o fifi pūtea. Kua pai ake te āhuatanga i muri anake ako reira o te kingi - ia te mutunga ka tautoko.

e kore Made Hauy iti ki te hanganga o te kura - he nui atu te nui tona mahi: takaro ia he tūranga nui rite tetahi o te tiflopedagogov tuatahi, aro te faufaa o te mātauranga mo te matapo, i hoatu te whai wāhi ki te ako, mahi, whakaatu ana he tauira o tokomaha, iwi maha i roto i France me huri noa te ao.

Hoki ana hua, ki te tiaki i te mahara o tenei tangata faahiahia, whakapumautia te WHO ki whakanui Whiringa 13, Day International o te matapo.

Te āhuatanga i roto i te Tsarist Russia

kite Work Valenitina Gayui i roto i France kore anake. I roto i 1803 ka mea te Russian Hiha Alexander ahau te kaiako i roto i Russia, a i roto i 1806 tae ia i roto i St Petersburg roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i tētahi whare mo te matapo iwi ranei ki mate kitenga wāhanga.

Heoi, ko nui atu uaua atu e au ra i mawhiti tuatahi te mahi. Ahakoa i roto i France, kihai i no ki te kāhui me te mau utuafare houkura iwi matapo taea mahi iti rawa - maha ratou iku'anga ko ki tono mea.

I roto i Russia, ko ara kino te āhuatanga. korerotia te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga Hauy e "kahore tamariki matapo i roto i Russia", me te tuatahi ia i rapu ano tona ākonga ia. Kua kura ngā kaimahi, pūtea me te tūtohinga kua whakaaetia e te emepera he tau anake i muri i te taenga o te kaiako, i te tau 1807.

Otiia, i reira i te iwi pai ki te whakaako me te ako, tae noa i roto i taua tikanga uaua. E te raumati ākonga kura 1808 o i pai-matau i roto i te tuhituhi, te pānui, geography me ētahi atu pūtaiao me mahi toi.

Fefeka whai ratou whāinga, Hauy taahiraa i te taahiraa piri ki te āhukahuka o iwi matapo whai hua ki te hapori. O te akoranga, e kore ia i mohio e kia e mauruuru tona mahi kia uri, e ka kia whakanuia kotahi i runga i tona ra whanautanga - i runga i 13 Whiringa - Day International o te matapo. Pictures o ngā ākonga angitu whawhati i nga Kaitātari Kaute e whakahaere te tātari i roto i te taua 1808. tonu Reipa kaiako French.

Ka mahi i roto i tenei mara hoki i runga i te 10 nga tau, i mahue Valentin Haüy Russia i 1817, te fariiraa i te Order o te rīhainatanga o Vladimir tohu 4 "Neke atu i te itoito e ngakau nui ana" i te Hiha Alexander I. I muri te haerenga o te kaiwhakarewa o te kura kua ngaro tona uara rite te institution mātauranga.

Ko te āhuatanga o nāianei

I roto i te 1984, ka karanga te WHO he rā e pā ana: Whiringa 13 - te ra International o te matapo. Mai reira, ka mau te reira i te wa roa - i reira ko he Braille tino, kura motuhake mō te hunga hauā i waiho āheinga ataata whaikörero. I te tau 2001 tohua matou te tau 120th o te whakangungu pūnahanaha o te matapo i roto i Russia, i timata CD i te kura Grotto.

Kua mahi te reira i te mahi nui, me i reira ko tetahi rota o ngaio pūmanawa e whakarato mātauranga whānui e kore anake engari āwhina hoki ki te akakoromaki i te mau fifi hinengaro, me te pāpori.

whanaketanga Tata i roto i te hangarau, pērā i te kanohi Bionic, whakahere tumanako hoki ora me te tango o te raruraru o te matapo i roto i te whānui. I te wa ano tonu te whakatūnga, me te whakapai ake o oko, me ngā pūrere ki te āwhina i te iwi matapo ki te whakahaere me te ora i roto i te ao hou.

kakaho ma

I roto i te feruriraa o te iwi i reira ko te ahua ngā o te tangata ki te kanohi waimaero - tino maha he tangata i roto i te mōhiti pouri ki te kakaho, me te kuri aratohu. kihai tenei whakaaro i haere mai i roto o wahi. I roto i te mahara o Valentine Gayui whakanui tatou Whiringa 13, Day International o te matapo, tona tohu - te kakaho ma - na nui e ko te reira "ratou" te rā.

Hoki te wā tuatahi ka puta tenei tūemi i roto i 1921, ka whai pānga tenei kaupapa kei te ki te ingoa o te kuao photographer, James Biggs o Bristol. kitea ia e kore e kore pedestrians atekōkiri ranei e pahono ki tona kakaho pango (i reira ko te wa i ina kua wehea whānuitia te apatoko taua), a peitatia reira i roto i ma. Ko te wheako i te angitu.

huanga Popularization me hangarau te ahunga whakamua

Ko te wāhanga i muri o te popularization o tenei mea ka haere mai i roto i te 1930-1931. aristocrat Wīwī me te benefactress Guillen zh'Erbemon tahi me te kawana o nga pirihimana Paris kiia kakaho ma he whakaaro pai ki te whakahaere i te iwi matapo ki te haere a tawhio noa te pa.

I tua atu, i te mea ko te "whakaoho" e tenei ngā tangata ki etahi atu - matapo. I hokona te reira, ka tohaina ki te maha nui o tokotoko, a ka whakaritea nui-tauine whakahau pānuitanga. He tau i muri mai, tupu rite i roto i te UK - he whakahaere aroha "Rotary Club," riro me aroaro tootoo ma ki he tokomaha ki te Ingarangi matapo.

takaro enei ngā te wāhi nui. Na tohu me 15 Oketopa (Day o te White Cane), i roto i te ara ano, i runga i 13 Noema, te Day International o te matapo. Photos o enei huru me "kaiāwhina" - he āhuatanga auau o te whakaahua ki te rauemi o te iwi matapo.

ritenga Modern, i te tākaro i te tūranga o "whakaoho" me te tohu, ko te kua nui atu matatau. He tauira o "puru" ki te hikohiko, ngā te rangatira ki te awhina o te tangi, me te tahi atu tohu e pā ana ki tutukitanga, te āwhina ki te whiriwhiri i te ara, me te hipa i te wāhanga kino. I runga i nga mahi e tata kua ratou, a pai-lau ki whakakapi tetahi atu tohu o te matapo - kuri aratohu.

hoa pai o te tangata i runga i wha a ringaringa

kia te ngana nahanaha tuatahi ki te faaineine i te kaiawhina kararehe kia huaina te kura Tiamana hanga i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ratou whāinga i ki ārahi kuri e whakangungua ana ki te āwhina i hoia whawhai. I roto i te US, enei kura kua mohiotia mai 1929, i roto i te UK - mai i 1931. Heoi, whakamahia te kararehe i ki te whakaaro rite mai te wā tukuiho.

Nuinga o ngā wā, te wāhi o te aratohu whakangungua Rottweilers, Labrador retrievers, hepara Tiamana, Giant Schnauzers, engari ka taea e koe whakaako tata tetahi kuri. I roto i te tahi mau whenua, whakaaetia taua kaiāwhina e i tetahi wahi - i roto i Russia, hei tauira, haere ratou i runga i ngā waka kawe tūmatanui mō te kore utu.

Events i runga i te ra International o te matapo

Hei tohu i te 13 Whiringa-, te Day International o te matapo, e kore e te hōtuhi whai ki te mahi i matatini. Tenei ko e founga puta enei ngā i roto i te 2014:

• Chelyabinsk rohe Library Special mo te pātaitai pūpuri ngā waimaero;
• "Kura Sports-urutau" Leimana Az "i roto i te Chechen Republic i tēnehi tepu i roto i te B1 (rawa matapo);
• i roto i Yekaterinburg whakahaere tūmatanui "White Cane" tū te tepu a tawhio runga "wāhi - Society - auaha", he whakaaturanga toi, he konohete kamaka.

Tamariki e kore ano e utua whakarongo ki 13 Noema, te Day International o te matapo. Homeroom tū i roto i te maha ngā kura o te Republic o Tatarstan, i roto i te rohe Volgograd me i ētahi atu rohe o te whenua. ngā rite te tango i te wahi i roto i tenei ra huri noa i te ao.