Whanonga therapy: mahi me tikanga

therapy hinengaro-whanonga ko te momo o te therapy e tauturu tūroro mahino nga whakaaro me mau mana'o e whakaawe ratou whanonga. Ko te tikanga te whakamahia reira ki te hamani i te whānui o mate, tae atu ki ma'unimā, phobias, manukanuka, ngā paheketanga ngā. therapy whanonga, whakangungu, kei te hoko nei tino rongonui, te nuinga pumau te wa poto, me te te matua hāngai ana ki te āwhina te iwi ki te tetahi raruraru. A, no te ako penei kiritaki ki te huri me te tāutu i ngā tauira rarua kino ranei o te whakaaro e whai i runga i to ratou pānga kino whanonga.

hikuwai

Kia pehea te i te therapy kouma ranei-hinengaro-whanonga? E akina atu nga tangata piri ki a te psychoanalysis rongonui ki te tahuri ki te ako o ngā tauira o te hinengaro me te whanonga?

Wilhelm Wundt, e whakaturia i roto i 1879 i te Whare Wānanga o ngā taiwhanga e pā ana tuatahi o Leipzig mo rangahau hinengaro, whakaaro ko te kaiwhakarewa o hinengaro whakamātautau. Ko te mea ia tapao e te mea i whakaaro hinengaro ka whakamātau, tawhiti te karanga i te hinengaro whakamātau o tenei ra. I tua atu, kua mohiotia ai e au te therapy nāianei tona oraraa ki te mahi o Sigmund Freud, te rongonui katoa i runga i te ao.

I te wa ano e kua kitea te hinengaro tīpakongia me whakamātau mo tona whanaketanga o te oneone momona i roto i te United States, e mohio ana torutoru iwi. I roto i te meka, i muri i te taenga ki konei o Sigmund Freud i 1911, i taea e ki te ohorere ara te tohunga ārahi i roto i te mate hinengaro psychoanalysis. Na nui kia e i roto i te tau torutoru, kua pā ana ki 95% o psychiatrists te whenua o kua whakaakona i roto i te ara o te mahi psychoanalysis.

tonu tenei heriheri i roto i te US mō te therapy noa nga 1970, i te mea e te mutunga i roto i ngā porowhita e hāngai ana o te Ao Tahito mō te 10 tau. E tano ia tapao e te raruraru o psychoanalysis - ki roto i ngā o tona kaha urupare ki huringa ngā i roto i te hapori tono i muri i te Pakanga II o te Ao, me te tona kaha ki "hamani" - timata i roto i te 1950. I tenei wa, whanau momo o hinengaro kē. takaro te tūranga matua i roto ia ratou, o te akoranga, therapy hinengaro-whanonga. Faaohipa koe i roto o reira ka maia torutoru ki te mahi.

Whakatika i kotahi i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao, te whakawhetai ki te takoha me psychoanalysts e kei te wenewene o ratou mea o te wawaotanga me te tātari, hohoro horahia kouma therapy whanonga ¬e puta noa i Europe. Kua whakapumautia ia i roto i te wa poto iho rite te tikanga o te maimoatanga e taea whakarato i tētahi otinga whai hua ki ngā raruraru ngā o kiritaki.

kite i te kau matou te marama o te mahi o Hoani. B. Watson i wāhitau kē, me te whakamahi o te therapy whanonga, ka mau te reira e rima tekau nga tau, engari i muri i taua wa riro ia i roto i te mahi Psychotherapy tona wahi. Otiia ka mau tona kukuwhatanga atu wahi i te tere vitiviti. Ko he take ohie: me ētahi atu tikanga e kua hāngai i runga i te whakaaro pūtaiao, therapy hinengaro-whanonga, mahi nei e hoatu i roto i te tuhinga i raro nei, mo te huringa noho tuwhera, integrated me whakaritea ki te tahi atu tikanga.

Kei roto te reira i te hua o akoranga i whakahaeretia i roto i te hinengaro, me pera me i roto i te tahi atu mara pūtaiao. Kua arahina tenei ki te putanga o ngā hou o te wawaotanga me te tātari.

I roto i tenei therapy te whakatupuranga 1, āhuatanga nei i te te therapy psychodynamic neke tuwhena mohiotia, hohoro aru te huinga o "innovations". Kua kē i tangohia ratou ki pūkete āhuatanga hinengaro wareware mua. Tenei hanumi hinengaro therapy whanonga, me te ko te whakatupuranga i muri o te therapy whanonga, hoki e mohiotia ana therapy hinengaro-whanonga. Kei te puritia reira Mātauranga i te wa nei.

He haere tonu tonu tona whanaketanga, i reira he ara hou o te maimoatanga, e no ki te therapy kua toru te whakatupuranga.

Hinengaro-whanonga therapy: taketake

Ko te ariā taketake riro e to tatou whakaaro, me mau mana'o tākaro he wāhi nui i roto i auaha whanonga tangata. Na, whakaaro nui rawa e pā ana ki i runga i te aituā runway, tukinga rangi me te tahi atu aituā rangi e taea te karohia e te kaupapa rangi rerekē iwi. E tano ia tapao e te whāinga o tenei therapy ko ki te whakaako tūroro e whai ratou āhuatanga katoa o te ao e kore e taea te whakahaere, i te wa ano e taea te tango i te whakahaere rawa tona ake tikanga o te ao, me te taunekeneke ki reira.

Aita i maoro a'e, whakamahia therapy hinengaro-whanonga anake te atu pinepine. Tenei momo o te maimoatanga te tikanga e kore e tango i te rota o te wā, kia whakaaro e te ki kia wātea ki te toenga o whakaora. Empirically whakamatauria reira tona whai huatanga: kua whakapumautia tohunga e āhei reira tūroro ki te mahi ki te whanonga tika i roto i ona faaiteraa ngā.

whakaora

Kua tuhia Māngai o te Association Ingarangi mo Cognitive me kaihaumanu whanonga e ko te reira i te raupapa o maimoatanga e hāngai ana i runga i te mau parau tumu me ngā ariā e hāngai ana ki ngā tauira o te whanonga tangata me kare. ngā rātou i te whānuitanga nui o ngā huarahi ki te pae whakakahoretia o disorders aronganui, me te awhina-whaiaro kaha.

Mataotao i runga i te wā, te momo e whai ake nei:

• therapy hinengaro;
• therapy aronganui me te kouma-whanonga;
• therapy multimodal.

Methods o therapy whanonga

E whakamahia ratou i roto i te ako hinengaro. Ko te tikanga matua - he therapy whanonga kouma-¬e. I te tīmatanga whakaturia te tangata whakaaro noatia, na kitea i roto i nga take o te pūnaha whakapono noatia, na reira ko te huarahi ki te ūnga.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, te tikanga whānui o te whakangungu - ki te ara whakaoti rapanga. Ko te tikanga matua - he biofeedback whakangungu, e e te nuinga whakamahia ki te pehea e o te pānga o te ahotea. A, no te tupu taputapu ako i te āhua whānui o te uaua whakangā, me te urupare whatu oro ranei tenei puta. Uaua whakangā ki urupare pai whakapakaritia, a ka arata'i ki warea.

therapy hinengaro-whanonga: tikanga o te whakaako me te ako

Kei te whakamahia nahanaha te therapy whanonga postulate mātauranga, kia rite ki te mea e taea ki te whakaako me te ako i te whanonga tika. Ako i runga i te tauira no ki te tukanga tino nui. mapulei huarahi hāngai te nuinga i runga i conditioning operant, i muri nei hanga iwi whanonga i hiahia ai ratou. He tikanga tino nui o te ako ko te peehia.

Te whāwhā nauchenii whakauru nahanaha pakoire - he tangata pūāhua ranei. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki te kainga tupu e taea akiaki whai wāhitanga e taipe huna ranei.

Tino whakamahia ina mahi ki ngā tamariki whanonga therapy. Mahi i roto i tenei take, i roto i te whakapakari i poapoa hāngai, pērā i te monamona. I roto i ngā pakeke, i mahi i tenei whakaaro e te pūnaha o monū me utu. Ue'i (whakatakoto ana tautoko kaihaumanu he tauira), ka te te poua atu te angitu.

tikanga otuchivaniya

Odysseus i roto i te "Odyssey" o Homer, i runga i te tohutohu o Circe (makutu) whakahau ratou kia here ia ki te tira o te kaipuke i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te ngohengohe ki te waiata o mamingatia nga pû. Āmiorangi katia ake e ia ona taringa ki te ware pi. Ki te pare mārama therapy whanonga ngoikore te mana, i te wa ano kawea atu etahi huringa e whakanui i te taea o te angitu. Hei tauira, te whanonga tōraro, te tūkino waipiro, tāpiri he āhuatanga whakakonekone, pērā i kakara, hiaruaki.

Ko te tino rerekē mahi therapy hinengaro-whanonga. Na, ki te awhina o te pūrere mo te maimoatanga o te enuresis, too atu o te bedwetting - rongo te huarahi o te ti'ai te o te manawanui kei te tonu, no te nga pata tuatahi o te mimi.

tikanga whakakorenga

Rongoā i ki te totohe ki te whanonga takarepa. E tano ia tapao e tetahi o nga tikanga matua - he desensitization nahanaha hoki tauhohe whāwehe o te wehi ki te tukanga 3-taahiraa: whakangungu o uaua whakangā hohonu, te whakahiato i te rārangi katoa o ngā wehi, me te te whakarerekētanga o te whakaongaonga me te whakangā o wehi i te rārangi i roto i te raupapa aupiki.

tikanga aroraa

Ēnei tikanga whakamahi hoapā whakatere whakaohooho ki te wehi tuatahi phobias piringa pokapū ranei whanaunga i roto i ngā disorders hinengaro. Ko te tikanga matua - te waipuke (huaki ngā whakaohooho te whakamahi i pōhiri ki mārō). Kiritaki kupu i raro ki te mana tika hinengaro ranei kaha o taea te wehi whakaohooho katoa.

wāhanga therapy

maha wheako iwi mana'o ranei whakaaro, e whakakaha ratou anake i roto i te whakaaro he. Ēnei whakapono me whakaaro arahi ki whanonga raruraru e kia whai i te pānga i runga i ngā āhuatanga ngā o te ora, tae atu ki ngā hononga whaiāipo, te utuafare, ako me te mahi. Hei tauira, he tangata e mamae i iti te kiritau-, taea meinga whakaaro kino e pā ana ki koe, koutou aravihi ahua ranei. No te mea o tenei, ka timata te iwi ki te karo i ngā āhuatanga o te ngā ki te iwi whakarere i te whai wāhitanga umanga ranei.

Hei whakatika i tēnei, te whakamahi i therapy whanonga. Hei ārai i enei whakaaro haamou me tīmata kaihaumanu tōraro whanonga ki te kiritaki ki te tāuta whakapono raruraru. Tēnei wā kei te mohiotia ano rite "tātari mahi", faufaa no te māramatanga o te āhua o e taea āhuatanga whakaaro me mau mana'o whai wāhi ki te whanonga takarepa. Ka taea e tēnei tukanga meinga fifi, ngā ki kiritaki aro ki te hehema ki hifo nui, ahakoa rite ki te hua o tenei i taea e arahi ki te whaiaro matauranga-me ngā kitenga e e whakaaro wahi whakahauanga o te tukanga whakaora.

Hinengaro-whanonga therapy tā me te wahi tuarua. Ko Arotahi i runga i te whanonga tūturu, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te raruraru. tīmata te tangata ki te mahi me te ako i ngā pūkenga hou, e taea ka e te tono i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu. Ko te kupu, taea ki te rangatira i te pūkenga ki te hinga tenei hukihuki te tangata e mamae i te faatītīraa tarukino ko a kia karo i ngā āhuatanga pāpori ki te pea, ki te meinga te matahoki, me te akakoromaki i katoa o ratou.

CBT i roto i nuinga o te wā ko te tukanga maheni, te āwhina tangata hanga kaupae hou ki te taui i to ratou whanonga. Ko te kupu, Ka taea e phobia pāpori tīmata ki te hokohoko ohie ratou i roto i te āhuatanga pāpori ngā e ai ia āwangawanga. Na e taea ia tamata ki te kōrero ki hoa, mohio me melo o te utuafare. e kore e tukanga ki te kaupapa i ia te wā ki te whāinga mea na uaua, me te whāinga ratou - tino whakatutuki.

Mā te CBT

whakamahia ana tēnei therapy te ki te hamani iwi e mamae i te whānui o te mate ngā - phobias, manukanuka, ma'unimā me te whārua. whakaaro CBT te tetahi o nga momo tino ako o te therapy - i roto i te tahi mau wahi e tika ana ki te meka i arotahi te maimoatanga i runga i ngā raruraru motuhake, me te he ngāwari ngā ki te ine i ona hua.

Ko pai hāngai mō ngā kiritaki e e pängia ana ki te hifo reira tenei therapy. Ki he pono whai hua CBT, te tangata kua reira ki te kia rite, kia waiho ia pai ki te whakapau wā, me te kaha ki te tātari ratou ake mau mana'o, me whakaaro. he uaua taua hifo, i te wa ano ko te ara pai ki te ako i te rota atu e pā ana ki te pānga o te āhua ā-o te whanonga reira.

He nui hoki te iwi e hiahia ana i te maimoatanga tere e kore e whai wāhi i te whakamahi o etahi rongoā therapy hinengaro-whanonga. Na, tetahi o nga painga o te therapy hinengaro-whanonga whakaaro te ki hei te meka e tauturu te reira kiritaki ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga e taea e whai hua i teie nei, a ka.

Ko te whanaketanga o te whakawhirinaki-whaiaro

kia meinga e te reira i te rahui e mai whakawhirinaki i te momo o 'ulungaanga: te kaha ki te whakapuaki i ngā hiahia, whakaaro me mau mana'o, i roto i te tua, kia kite i te hiahia me mau mana'o o ētahi atu, ngā pūkenga ki te mea "e kore e"; I tua atu, ki te kaha tīmata, mutu, me te haere tonu ki te kōrero ki te mua o te iwi whānui ki te korero noa, a pera atu.

E hāngai ana tēnei whakangungu te i te upooti'araa i te wehi o taea pāpori, me te mau fifi i roto i te hoapā. Kei te whakamahia hoki ngā pānga rite i roto i te te totoa me fakaaoao, kia whakahohe kiritaki e te hunga i te roa te wa i roto i te maimoatanga o psychiatrists, me te retardation hinengaro.

Tenei whakangungu matua e whai ana e rua ngā whāinga: te hanganga o ngā pūkenga pāpori me te whakakorenga o phobias pāpori. I roto i tenei take, te tono maha ngā tikanga, hei tauira mahi whanonga me ngā kēmu tūranga-whakatangi, whakangungu i roto i ngā āhuatanga o ia rā, ngā tikanga operant, tauira ako, therapy rōpū, taputapu ataata, tikanga o te mana-whaiaro, me te pera atu. Na, i tenei whakangungu e tatou i roto i te nuinga o te wā ko te hōtaka ki te whakamahi i momo katoa o ngā tikanga i roto i te tetahi raupapa.

whakamahia hoki therapy whanonga mō ngā tamariki. i hanga momo motuhake o te whakangungu mō ngā tamariki ki te mau fifi i roto i hoapā, me phobias pāpori. Petermann ko Petermann, he hōtaka whakaora mo te whāiti, e, tahi ki te rōpū, me te whakangungu takitahi hoki kau tohutohu i te mau metua o teie mau tama.

faaino CBT

Ētahi tūroro i roto i te pūrongo maimoatanga wawe e, ahakoa o nui mōhiotanga horihori ohie o etahi whakaaro, kotahi anake tukanga iteraa o te pae whakakahoretia o tenei e kore e hanga ngāwari. Me kï reira e therapy whanonga tā tāutu i te tauira raraunga o whakaaro, a ka whāinga reira ki te āwhina i roto i te pae whakakahoretia o enei whakaaro ki te maha nui o ngā kaupapa here. E taea e ki te ngā tākaro tūranga-whakatangi, takitaki, tikanga o te rorona, me te whakangā ratou.

Na titiro i te tahi mau mahi e taea te mahi e koe koe i te kāinga.

whakangā uaua whakamua rite ki Jacobson

E whakahaeretia ngā karaehe mo e noho ana. kia te upoko kia okioki ki te taiepa, whakanohoia koutou ringa i runga i te okiokinga. I te tīmatanga, kia karanga koutou i roto i tona mānukanuka i roto i uaua katoa i roto i te raupapa, kia puta ai i runga i inhalation. Faatupu i te tikanga o te mahana. I roto i tenei take, haere tahi te whakangā e launoa rawa nohopuku, me te āhua koi. uaua te wā mānukanuka - e pā ana ki 5 hēkona, wātea - e pā ana ki te 30 hēkona. I tua atu, kia ia mahi kia mahia 2 nga wa. Tenei tikanga he tino tika mō ngā tamariki.

1. uaua ringa. Kumea koutou ringa mua, tuu i te maihao i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. E ti'a ia tatou ki te ngana ki te tae pera maihao ake te taiepa.
2. Brushes. E kumu ringa te tino kaha. A feruri na e ko koe o te icicles compressible kotēhia te wai.
3. Pokohiwi. Whakamātauria ki tae te pokohiwi taringa.
4. Foot. matimati ki te tae waenganui-kuao kau.
5. Puku. Tona kopu hanga o kohatu, me te mea e whakaata ana i te pānga.
6. Huha, ngā waewae. matimati Pūmau, whakaarahia rekereke.
7. Toharite 1/3 tangata. Mingimingi tona ihu, squint.
8. Kura 1/3 tangata. Frowned, miharo mata.
9. Raro 1/3 tangata. Ngutu takai "proboscis".
10. Raro 1/3 tangata. Ko te koki o te mangai ki te tango i te taringa.

whaiaro ako-

tetahi mea katoa e mea tatou ki a tatou. hoatu tēnei wā matou tohutohu, whakahau, mōhiohio hoki rongoā motuhake ki ngā raruraru tohutohu ranei. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te tangata te tīmata ki te verbalization, e te mutunga ka hei wahi o te wāwāhi whanonga katoa. E whakaako iwi taua tohutohu tika. I te wa ano, i roto i ētahi wā hei ratou "kontrinstruktsiyami" fakaaoao, wehi, me te toenga o maumaui o mahi. I roto i tenei whaiaro ako-ki tātai āwhiwhiwhi e whakamahia i runga i te wāhanga e whai ake.

1. A faaineine mo te stressor.

• "E mea ohie ia rave i te. Kia mahara ki te katakata. "
• "Ka taea e ahau te hanga i tētahi mahere ki te mahi ki a reira."

2. Te aro ki te whakatoinga.

• "I te roa rite pupuri ahau marino, i tino ahau i roto i te mana o te āhuatanga katoa."
• "I roto i tenei āhuatanga, e kore ahau e taea te āwhina manukanuka. Ko ahau tino mohio o ia. "

3. wheako Reflection.

• Ki te he unresolvable te pakanga, "Aue wareware i te mau fifi. A feruri e pā ana ki a ratou - anake ki te whakangaro iho ".
• Ki te whakatau te pakanga kei te ranei whiwhi i te mahi ki te āhuatanga: "Ehara i te mea i rite te kino kia rite ki ahau tūmanakohia."