Whakapakaritia papa raima. Whakapakaritia papa raima: āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, utu

Ko te whakamahi o innovations pūtaiao, me te hangarau tino kitea i roto i te hanga - i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao puta whakaurunga, hanga o nei e kua kua hohore etahi wa i mua.

rauemi hou, mīhini hou me taputapu tukua ki a koutou hanga tere, teitei, atu pono. Ko reira he āhuatanga hangarau hanga e kore e e ngaro ratou hāngai hoki te wa rawa te roa. Ko te papa raima tenei - te parau tumu whakaaro he hawhe rau i mua, engari e kore e taea te mahi i te reira i waho te kaupapa tino pohara.

Patent 1867

He tokomaha e matau ana ki te kōrero o te kari French Zhozefa Mone, i te mea he kaha ki te hanga a ratou kikokore taiepa anga oko raima o rakau whakarewa, a hipokina iho ki te apa o te moata sima. He āhuatanga roaahia'tu mō ētahi atu rauemi i te hua nukurau hua. Monier arai i roto i te whenua rerekē, tikanga o te hanga o te raima whakapakaritia o ngā whakaaro, tae atu te hunga i tapaea e ratou te papa raima mō taiepa me pātaki.

hanga kaihanga Ngaio ratou menemana ki te whanaketanga o te ma'imi: i ia te whare tika i roto i te kahu waenganui o raima, a kua whakaaturia tātaitanga e kia tīpakohia te wāhi o te whare herehere ngā hāngai i runga i te āhuatanga motuhake, tango ki pūkete nga kawenga tono ki te kōwae hanganga. Ko te kupu, whakapakaritia whakapae papa RC ki arorau, whakatakoto i te rakau piri ki te waka rererangi raro o te paraharaha, - te wahi i nga ope kurut nui.

hangarau Improvement

whakapakaritia teie mahana raima e hoatu ki te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana mo te āhuatanga tino motuhake. huānga Force - taki ngā - he flat ka puta prestressed mokowā (Aho, kurupae) whakapakaritia ki ake āhuatanga hanganga. Various admixtures raima puhoi whakatere i te whanaketanga tautuhinga me te kaha ranei. Kei te whānui whakamahia raima whakapakaritia i roto i te hanga e rite ana te ahurei, ngā kotahi, me te nui, whare economical.

Processability, kaha, mauroa, makuku, matuu me te ahi, ōhanga - ka huru enei painga te whakamahi o te raima whakapakaritia i te heke mai. Nukurau RC papa rite mō te hanga whare motumotu ranei ka ui te wa rawa te roa, no te mea, tua atu i ëtahi, ngā o kai māori, he taiao, me te ngāwari hangarua a te makamaka enei whakaaro.

Ngā momo o papa raima

I te wahi o te tono e motuhia turanga, ara, me te papa papa. Ka taea te hangaia he hua taua i roto i te wheketere, me te ka kawea ki te pae hanga me tāuta. Nuinga o ngā wā whakapakaritia papa raima, me te tahi atu hua motumotu whare noho, kei te whakaritea e kakano ia i te tikanga o ngā wāhanga whakarewa tāmau.

Ka taea te hangaia e te poari rohe. Ko te papa nukurau kotahi rite turanga me te taputapu mo te papa takawaenga me te tuanui uhi, rawa whakamahia i roto i ngā whakaurunga ranei hoahoanga kore-paerewa wahi tono e hiahiatia te warou uaua mō te tāutanga o ngā hua raima precast. tuku te mākete he maha rawaka o ngā pūrere (tae atu casing), hanga i te tukanga utu, me te whaiaro hanga-.

māngi turanga

Tenei hanganga turanga i raro i te whare - e kore te kōwhiringa na'ina'i, engari maha - te arorau tino. whakapakaritia nukurau papa raima, tukurua i ngā o te whakahuahua o te taiepa o waho o te papa tuatahi, maha karangatia e te turanga tere. tikanga o tēnei e tuku i te kawenga i runga i nga wahi takitahi o te whare e ki te oneone turanga mahi kuki kaupae rite te huānga kotahi, e kore nei hoki e ngawari ki te deformation tika ki oneone hapahapai, hōhonu nui o mīti manawa whenua nui ranei wāhi. O te akoranga, pā tenei katoa ki te turanga papa, mahi ana ki te kounga e tika ana.

He nui a ngā utu i ngā katoa o te tirohanga o te pūrere atamira o tenei turanga, ko te ki te faaineine i te turanga onepu, ka e kia whakarewa pereti. Me mahi e koe he nui etahi o arearenga, whakakiia me whakakōpae te onepu - wai maringi raungaitinga ranei.

Tāutanga o turanga pereti

Kei te nuinga o te paparanga o raro hurihia geotextile e kore e turuturu ki te otinga oneone. Na, he teuteu raima rapataumata mō te wuru. I muri i pakeke o tenei apa wherahia te pukapuka waterproofing inaki me te pia.

Ngā Ko te pūrere e rua paparanga mata tūhonohono. tutaki ngā o te papanga raro e tāuta i roto i hononga motuhake, kia e te arapaki te reira i roto i te apa raima. Concreting wa kawea i roto i tika i runga i te paepae Pūwhakaranu Truck, papua Concrete, me ētahi atu I muri te whakaora wā whakatakotoria papa raima, he rite hoki te hanga o te whare te turanga.

He papa papa nukurau

I roto i taua maka he iti-ara papa whare papa i roto i te formwork i wahi, whakamahia rawa pinepine. Ki tenei i reira he hiahiatanga motuhake. I tua atu i te whānui ki te raima 'ulungaanga pai - te kaha, ahi resistance, tohatoha ōrite o te ahotea mohio a - i reira he painga motuhake i roto i te kōwhiri i te hangarau. Nui i roto ia ratou - te kore o te hiahia mo te taputapu hanga taimaha, me te taea o te pūrere o tetahi āhua inaki i roto i te tirohanga mahere.

Tātaihia te matotoru pereti hiahiatia me e pai ona kaupapa ngā mahue ki te toi. I roto i te tahi atu wā ko reira e tika ana ki te mohio te whai. e kore te mea kikokore atu 150 mm Plate, i whakaritea ko te matotoru papa i te roa o te piata inakitia i roto i te whānuitanga o 1:30 - 1:35. A, no te whakapakari he tika ki te mahara e pā ana ki te whakapakari i te mata o te pereti U-āhua me taiapa L-āhua.

Āhuatanga hangarau

He maha ngā kōwhiringa mō te formwork mati mō papa nukurau kotahi i runga i te mākete. Engari te hoko reira utu rawa mo te runaruna hanga. Ahakoa i reira he whai wāhitanga ki te tango i te putunga ngaio i roto i, me e e waiho te kōwhiringa pai - he taurangi o te tere me te kounga o ngā pūrere inaki. I roto i tetahi take, kia whakamahia rite te tautoko whata telescopic he nui atu watea atu i nga papa kaho ranei, rite hoatu i runga i te formwork mara ko te tino nui.

Concreting he tika ki te kawe i roto i te kotahi taahiraa, ki raungaitinga me te wiriwiri i te ranunga. Ko te reira i te ra tuatahi e toru moisturize rehu raima ki te karo i hangai i whakamaroke pāhiwihiwi.

precast raima

Construction o whare o ngā hua raima hangaia i runga i te raina wheketere motuhake, whakaaro te te tino tika ana mō te maha-papa whare noho papatipu. Ko te rahi iti o whare motumotu papa - rawa kōwhiringa e tika ana. whakapakaritia motumotu papa raima - he kōwhiringa iti o īnaki, e taea te eke ratou i roto i tetahi rangi, ka ko nui teitei te tere o te tāutanga.

Uaua ki te whakamahi i nui taimaha precast papa e kua whakapakaritia papa raima. He paerewa o ratou taha - tenei kia tangohia ki pūkete i te wā hoahoa. Ko tētahi atu raruraru - i te hiahia mo te warou, ara mo te wāhi iti o te īnaki.

Ngā momo o papa taiwhanga

Mārō, pereti totoka whakamahia hoki ngā hanganga motuhake me ngā wāhanga: rite whakatika huānga takere ranei mo te ararere pūrere kōrero. E kitea e ratou i te kaha nui, me te taimaha.

Peleti he kōwhao ahopou porohita pewa-āhua ranei, mama me whai reo me te mātao wera pai āhuatanga. papa raima tuwhera-matua - te momo o te hua e whakamahia ana mō ngā papa precast. E whakamahia ratou mo whare ki te anga kaha raima, hanga taiwhanga, taiepa pereki, me ētahi atu Void taea te whakamahi mō te whakapanga o taura mo ngā tono - .. Electric, iti-ngaohiko.

Ko te toru o ahua - rarai hipped ranei, maha whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi hanga mō te uhi Tīpae nui. Ko te matotoru o te papa ngā tapa mana hāunga - 140-160 mm o.

ngā prestressed, e hanga te mahi o to ratou kaha mahi rite nukurau w / w patunga whakamahia mo te hanga o papa.

rahi Paerewa o paraharaha

kia whakaratohia te whakamahi o te papa tuwhera precast i te wā o te hoahoa te whare heke mai. kia rahi Paerewa o paraharaha te take te whakatau i roto i te mahere whanaketanga o te whare i mua nei. Īnaki, e pai rapu utu āhua kore-paerewa ranei rahi pereti kia utu rawa.

Na reira, kia whakarato te hoahoa mo te whakamahi o ngā hōputu paerewa: paraharaha matotoru - 220 mm, whanui - 1, 1.2 me te 1.5 m, me te roa - i 2.4 ki te 9 m, he maha 100 mm o.

Methods o hanga o papa

I roto i te hanga o rua tikanga nui e whakamahia papa tuwhera-matua. Kotahi - atu tuku iho, mā te whakamahi i pakete shuttering mati mō papa tamau, paerewa rahi tomu'a. I muri i te tāutanga o whare me huānga hanga nga feāvaaki, ki tonu te pokepokea ai e ki ngä raima, me te wera ki te whakatere ake i te tukanga o te oreraa o te raima, me te whakaturia ratou kaha. Whiwhi i roto i tenei ara papa raima GOST 9561-91 fakahinohino'i ki te tohu reta PC.

I roto i tetahi - he ahu whakamua - e unu e te paraharaha tu i runga i te whāriki wera rite te rīpene tonu o 100-200 mita i roto i te roa mā te whakamahi i te mīhini niao motuhake. Ko Prestressing o te puka tensioned taura maitai hiahiatia wāhanga. Ki runga ki pa he tetahi tohu o te ranunga kaha rīpene tapahia te ki te taputapu taimana ki wāhanga o roa e hiahiatia ana, me te noa i te koki e hiahiatia ana. E whiwhi papa raima, tona utu he 20% i raro i taua o ngā hua tikanga - rīpene - te tikanga production. tohu tohua taua PP pereti.

Iku'anga papa papa tuwhera i te maha pūāhua ārepa rōpū. tohu ratou te momo, roa me te whanui i roto i decimeters, hoahoa kawenga (kPa), te momo me te piha haapiiraa o te ngā. Tauira: PC 63-12-8- ATV - he paraharaha ki kōwhao a tawhio 63 roa DM, he whanui o te 12 DM, kaha kawenga - 800 manokaramu ia m ^2, ATV - kāhua iohere.

Tāutanga o awhi taiwhanga

Ko te kounga o te papa papa-matua precast tei runga i te faaineineraa tano mo te huihui, i te tāutanga tupato, me te tika o te mau papaa parau tukanga ki te aroturuki tonu o te tukanga i te mea whanganga.

Ki te whakarite tika o te hanganga e taea mahia anake tika, ki te pereti kōpuku te whanau i runga i te taiepa tīwae ranei. tīpakohia te hohonu tino arotau o te whanau e hāngai i runga i te hanganga taiepa, te rauemi i nei te hanganga whanau. Hei tauira, i runga i nga kurupae whakarewa feunga pereti 70mm te whanau ki whakapakaritia titi raima - 75 mm, te taiepa o te pereki - 90 mm.

Hoki nga taiepa, ai te rauemi e whakamahia ana kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te kaha te whanau iti - poraka raima marama, ranei rōpū Waerau hau magnesium, te tikanga i runga i nga ngaio runga tūtohu ki te waihanga i tētahi ngā raima whakamoho kupenga, a nei ka okioki papa.

Ua faaite kaihanga ngaio e mārama i roto i te akoranga o te whakaminenga o papa motumotu. Ki te paiherea papa putanga wahi tāmau ki ia atu e wahi ki kahore he wahi kotahitanga, me te ururua matapōkere piha - kia tiakina, he mōrea nui rawa o te whakangaromanga, puta noa i te hanganga whare.

ara mau api

huaina te hua ko papa - he parallelepiped ki āhuatanga i roto i te mea nui iti atu i te roa whanui ranei te matotoru. E pā ana tino tenei ki te papa papa kohatu. E whakamahia ratou mo pani i te pūrere ara rererangi ranei runways mārō. kia pūmau ranei poto, ie. E. he paninga taua, e taea te whakamahi ēnei paraharaha e rave rahi taime, a ko tetahi o nga painga o te hangarau tenei. whakamana tātai papa raima te hāngai i runga i te mara o te tono, te kawenga i runga i te kapinga me mahi ora whakamaheretia.

A, no te whakapanga papa papa he tino nui ki te qualitatively kawe i te faaineineraa e tika ana o te turanga - he apa te tikanga moenga o kohatu mongamonga me te kirikiri, me te onepu urunga te matotoru e hiahiatia ana me te mātotoru.

Wehe i papa paraharaha, ara, me te rererangi, mo te paninga pūmau rangitahi ranei. rerekē ratou i roto i te matotoru, me te momo o ngā hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ona vaolo hanga. kitea enei raraunga katoa e i roto i te tohu tono ki te paraharaha.

Tauira: 1P30.18-30AV - whakapakaritia papa raima, te āhuatanga - 3000h1750 mm, mo te paninga tonu (2n - rangitahi) tatau i raro i waka kotahi 30 toni, te parahi whakaū whakamahia piha AB.

te whiriwhiri tika

Tīpakohia tētahi kōwhiringa i te hanganga o te turanga, taiepa, papa papa ranei me runways āwhina atamira kaupapa pai-hoahoa. tipu Modern o ngā hua raima whakahere he whānui o ngā wāhanga oti mo nga hiahia motuhake o te tukanga hanga ngā.

Hokona papa raima, i te mea tino whaitake utu, me te kounga - hāngai ki tikanga me ngā paerewa, he tino tūturu.