Waro Brown. keri Coal. Ko te lignite mara

e kore he Whakamahi o waro parauri kia noa whakaritea ki tona kohatu orotahi, engari whakawera iti utu ai hāngaitanga reira parawae i roto kōhua iti, me te tūmataiti. I roto i Europe, kua mohiotia ano hoki tenei momo rite lignite, ahakoa te uaua taratahi reira i te whakarōpū whānui o te waro. Ki te whakaaro ki te whakaaro, ka, mo te tauira, i roto i Germany te whakamahia reira ki te tuku mamaoa tipu te mana me te lignite i roto i taea Greece ki a koe te whakaputa ake ki te 50%. Ko ano whānui rite te momo o te wahie totoka, kua tenei rauemi, i te iti rawa i roto i te puka o te rauemi motuhake.

ngā mōhiohio whānui i runga i lignite

Lignite Ko te puranga toka-rite mātotoru o te marama-parauri pango ranei. Ka taea te kite te reira i te rakau huawhenua hanganga i runga i te tirohanga piri. kaua hohoro tahuna te waro kōhua parauri te ki te tuku o te ngarahu, me te kakara i rawe ki o te tahunga. No runga i te hanganga, kua hanga e te reira pungarehu, whanariki, waro, hauwai me te hāora. Poke hāngai ki te taua āhuatanga hakari i te tahi atu momo o te waro.

E ai ki te hanganga rauemi, te nuinga o enei rauemi pā ana ki humites. Tauwhirowhiro Sapropelite me te pararopi inclusions puta i roto i te puka o ngā papa i roto i te putunga o humites. I roto i te peihana o lignite microcomponents whakarōpūtia o vitrinite. Me kï reira e ki te wāhanga pungarehu i roto i taua mara te uaua tino tātai. Hoki te tātai o ngāwhā e tūtohu ana ki te whakapā atu i te tepu motuhake, me te whakatairite i te āhuatanga o te momo taputapu kōhua raraunga mahi.

Origin o putunga

Ko āhuatanga o te waipara Mesozoic-Cenozoic te putunga nui rawa. I roto i te Lower Carboniferous taea te tāutuhia putunga o te takotoranga wai Moscow hei okotahi. putunga Pākehā te nuinga e pā ana ki ngā papa Neogene- wā Paleogenic, a i roto i Ahia nuinga e awa Jurassic. parawae ono o te wā Cretaceous. E hoki rakau Russian mo te wahi tino he rauemi i parataiao Jurassic. Ko te nuinga o nga rauemi takoto i te hohonu pāpaku (10-60 m). Nā ki tenei take, kia waiho ai hei keri waro tuwhera, ahakoa i reira e ano takere raruraru ki runga ki te 200 mita. Kotahi i mahi te matua rauemi raw mo te hanganga o te lignite rite te hōtoke me te rakau coniferous, Peat me pyalpy. Te haamaitairaa o te waro e tika ana ki te meka e puta te tukanga whāwehe i raro i te wai, me te kahore uru o rangi. Hoki i konatunatua rakau pūtake ki onepu me te paru, i e taahiraa anō putunga faafariuraa hanga graphite.

keri waro

Russia i roto i ngā o te production lignite runga tuarima. whakamahia Mō 75% o te rauemi katoa e wātea ana kamupene ahumahi me te pūngao, me te toenga i roto i te ahumahi matū me te metallurgy. Ano, kaweake he rahi iti te. whanaketanga hangarau me te production tika i roto i Te haamana'o whānui me tikanga mahi ki ētahi atu momo o putunga carbonaceous. Ko waro keri tae parauri he ona painga. Mai te mea āhua taitamariki tenei momo, tangohia te ōwehenga nui o te rauemi e i parae. Ki te rā, ko te whai hua tino, haumaru me te cheap tenei tikanga. Heoi, i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te rauropi e kore ko reira te tikanga pai o te tangohanga, mai te whanaketanga o nga poka hohonu e faatupu puranga o pera-ka karanga overburden nui.

putunga nui

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki Russia, te nui rawa putunga waro parauri ko reira whakapakoko matatini Soltonsky. Ko anake te puna o te waro, kei roto i te Altai tenei. E ai ki te tohunga, kei tenei moni tāpui e pā ana ki 250 miriona toni o kamaka. Hoki te mohiotia reira me poka waro parauri Kan-Achinsky multikilometer, kei nei i roto i te rohe Krasnoyarsk. I roto i te wā e rua, kawea production i roto i runga i te hangarau tuwhera. putunga Tino fafau o te lignite me whakawhanakehia i roto i Germany, i te mea te kaiwhakarato nui o waro i roto i Europe. Te nuinga o ngā whanaketanga nui-tauine tango i te wahi i roto i Germany Te Tai Rāwhiti, te wahi i nga poka Central Tiamana, me te Lauzitsky. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, i roto i enei putunga 80 piriona taranata. Ka rite ki i roto i Russia, e arahina nga tohunga Tiamana i te tikanga tuwhera o production, neke atu i te tikanga take utu.

Ko te utu o te lignite

E ai ki nga āhuatanga kounga o te waro parauri ngaro kohatu tauira atu maheni. Heoi, i hanga e rave rahi āhuatanga taea reira ki paku whakaara i te tono mō te rauemi iti ātaahua. I roto ia ratou e nehenehe e tatou whakahua i te nui i i te kitenga o te lignite te. rerekē utu i runga i toharite i 800 ki 1200 moni. hoki 1 ton. Ko te uara calorific teitei, te teitei te tūtohu utu. No te whakarite, he ton o waro e taea te hokona i te nuinga 2,000 mano moni .. Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, te mita o whakahaere te whakamahi i lignite kōhua ārai tonu tona whakamahi whānui. Ko he kaituku rauemi kounga i roto i te kiritaki me kamupene pūngao, me i te tuhaa o te kohi takitahi.

mutunga

Ka taea te tukua Whakamutunga kiritaki lignite i roto i te puka Kōmaka unsorted ranei. Ka rite ki reira wahie te tikanga kāinga whakamahia mō te parariraa o heke, a kua meinga reira koksobrikety mō ahumahi metallurgical matatini. e kore ko te wahi whakamutunga i roto i te rārangi o ngā rauemi wahie rapu-i muri i Nā ki tona utu iti, me te whānui o putunga nui o waro parauri tohatoha. Heoi, ki te whakamārama o te whakanui ake i te tōtika pūngao o whakawera pūnaha whakaritenga me ngā ture taiao taua rauemi raw stricter te hoko iti ātaahua. I roto i te whenua maha, te whakamahi o te waro parauri he iti ki ngā hiahia production, ko Russia me Germany tauira whakau te momo me te hāngaitanga i roto i ngā o te whakamahi kiritaki.