Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: biography, kainga auaha, te ora whaiaro

Voloshin Maksimilian (tau o te ora - 1877 - 1932) - pehe, artist, kōrero toi, kaiwānanga tuhituhi. Voloshin - he pseudonym. Tona ingoa tūturu - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Kōhungahunga, tau ākonga

whanau te rohi pehe i mua nei i roto i Kiev i te 1877, 16 (28) o Mei. Ana tupuna pāpā ko Zaporozhye mua. E te whaea i roto i te utuafare i ngā Tiamana, Russified i roto i te rau tau 17. 3 tau ngaro Maximilian tona papa. I roto i Moscow, pau tona tamarikitanga, me te taiohitanga o te rohi pehe. Tona whaea i roto i te 1893, riro i roto i Feodosiya kei tata whenua Koktebel. Here, i roto i te 1897, puta Voloshin Maksimilian i te kura nui. tomo ia te University Moscow (Faculty - Ture). Maximilian rite te ākonga i whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi hou. I whai wāhi ia i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1900 katoa-Russian patu ākonga. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te hehema ki rōpū me "tirohanga kino o te ao," i whakatārewatia Voloshin Maximilian i te kura.

tīmata haere

I roto i te tikanga ki te karo i te kino mau hopearaa, ka haere ia ki te hanga o te tereina i roto i te ngahuru o 1900. Voloshin tenei wā, i muri mai ka karanga te "momeniti whakatakotoria" e takoto tona ora i te pae varua i mua nei. I te hanga, ua ia te onamata, Te Tai Rāwhiti Ahia, i runga i te ahurea Pākehā.

Heoi, kei te kaha waia reira Maximilian ki te whakatutukitanga o te ahurea hinengaro, me te toi Pākehā Western o te haere tuatahi riro te reira i te whāinga faufaa o te pehe. Ko ia i roto i te tau 1899-1900 i roto i Itari, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary. Rawa ngā Maximilian Paris. Ko tenei te wahi i kite ia i te pokapū o te Pākehā, me i konei te ora i te pae varua ao. hoki i Ahia Maximilian Alexandrovich mō te wehi o te whakatoi atu, whakatau ia ki te haere ki te Te Hau-ā-uru.

Life i Paris, haere atu, "te whare o te rohi pehe" i roto i Koktebel

I roto i Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga i tona whakaahua) tae mai e rave rahi mau taime i roto i te wā i 1901 ki te tau 1916, i noho ahau i konei. I roto i waenganui i, i hanga haere te pehe "ki te ao Mediterranean tawhito." I tua atu, tae mai ia Taenga i roto i rua pane Russian. Voloshin i taua wa noho i roto i "te whare o pehe" tona i Koktebel, kua tahuri nei ki te ahua o te pokapū ahurea, he wahi o te okiokinga me te piringa whiriwhiri tuhituhi. G. Shengeli, translator, me te rohi pehe, ka karanga ia "te Cimmerian Atena". I ngā wā ngā i roto i tenei whare tae mai e Andrei Bely, Vyacheslav Bruce, Alexei Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, Rā Ivanov, Chukovsky, Mikhail Bulgakov me maha atu kaituhi, toi me te pūtaiao.

Voloshin - he fakaanga tuhituhi

Ka rite ki te fakaanga tuhituhi hanga Voloshin Maksimilian tona tuatahi i roto i 1899. I roto i te buka aamu "whakaaro Russian" haere mai tona arotake iti, kahore te waitohu. I roto i te Mei 1900 te tuhinga roa ui ko e "I roto i Defence o Hauptmann" i whakaputaina i roto i te buka aamu taua. I hainatia te reira i "Max. Voloshin." Tenei tuhinga, ko tetahi o te tuatahi i roto i Russia manifestos o rerehua Onaianei. I muri i taua haere mai atu ana oko. tuhituhi Tapeke Voloshin ratou 36 - i runga i tuhinga Russian, 35 - i runga i te Wīwī, me te Russian Theatre, 28 - e pā ana ki tuhinga French, me te 49 tuhinga e pā ana ki te mau ohipa o te ora ahurea French. i whāngai ratou, ka karangatia nga parau tumu toi o te ao hōu. Voloshin tītohunga tuhituhi hou o to tatou whenua (rawa te pera-ka karanga Symbolists auaha teina) whakaurua i roto i te horopaki o te ahurea Pākehā o nāianei.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, he āwangawanga tatou nei haurongo, ko ano hoki he kaihoko tuhituhi, kaitohutohu, kaipakihi, inoi me te whakaputa tohunga "Grief", "Scorpio" ko Sabashnikovyh teina. Tona misioni mātauranga tuku ia ki a Buddhism, magic, Katorika, theosophy, fakamēsikí, Freemasonry. ka mau i tenei katoa Maximilian i tona mahi i roto i te arotahi o te toi. I roto i ngā, mauruuru ia "te pathos o whakaaro" me te "whiti o whakaaro", na ko ana tuhinga rite rotarota, me ngā whiti - i runga pepa (reira ka mea a Ehrenburg, e whakatapua e tona tuhinga whakaputaina i roto i 1923 i te pukapuka "Portraits o kaitito nāianei") .

Ko te irava tuatahi

I te tuatahi, i tuhituhi kihai i maha ngā whiti Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, he punake. Tata ki te katoa o ratou i hoatu ki roto ki te pukapuka, i puta i roto i 1910 ( "Poems. 1900-1910"). Ringa "kaituhi", "ariki pono" i kite reira Bryusov. whakaaro Voloshin ratou kaiako virtuoso kirihou whiti zh. M. Eredia, Gauthier et al. Poets "Parnassian" i France. ko a ratou mahi i roto i te counterweight verlenovskim ki te "waiata" aronga. Tenei auahatanga āhuatanga e taea te pēnei Voloshin ki tona kohinga tuatahi, me te ki te tuarua, i i unu ake e Maximilian i te tīmatanga o nga 1920, me te kua kore i whakaputaina. I huaina te reira "oscura Selva". ngā te reira i te rotarota i hanga i roto i te wā i tau 1910 ki te 1914. ka haere mai te nuinga o ratou i roto i muri i roto i te pukapuka whiriwhiri, i puta i roto i 1916 ( "ivernit").

Takotoranga runga Verhaeren

Ka taea e te reira roa korero e pā ana ki te hanganga o te rohi pehe pērā i Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Haurongo whakaräpopototia i roto i tenei tuhinga anake i te meka matua e pā ana ki reira kei. Me kï reira e te takotoranga mārama tōrangapū o te rohi pehe riro mai te timatanga o te Pakanga o te Ao 1, E. Verhaeren. i waiho i raro Brusov whakamāoritanga o tona hoki i roto i te tuhinga 1907 "Émile Verhaeren me Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian ki fakaanga kino. Voloshin ia whakamaoritia Verhaeren "i ngā rerekē o te tirohanga" me "i ngā wā rerekē." Attitude ki a ia, ka whakarapopototia e ia ki runga i roto i tona pukapuka i roto i te 1919, "Verhaeren. Tuhinga. Auaha. Translations."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - rohi pehe Russian nei tuhituhi rotarota e pā ana ki te whawhai. Kei roto i te kohinga o 1916 "anno ao ardentis", he maitai ratou i roto i te rangi verhanovskoy Poetics. tukatuka ratou nga whakapakoko, me ngā tūāhua o te kōrero whiti, kua meinga nei e te āhuatanga pūmau o te whiti katoa Maximilian wa pāhoro, te whawhai metarahi me tau o muri. whakaputaina wāhanga o ngā rotarota i tuhituhia i taua wa, i roto i 1919 i te pukapuka "rewera turi", whakaputaina te tahi atu wahi i roto i 1923 i roto i Berlin i raro i te taitara "Poems o whakawehi." Heoi, ko te nuinga o enei mahi noho i roto i te parau papa'i.

whakatoi mōhiohio

I te tau 1923 tīmata ia hounding Voloshin i te āhua. Tona ingoa wareware te. I roto i te USSR i roto i te wā i 1928 ki te 1961, e kore e puta i te raina kotahi o te rohi pehe i roto i te tā. A, no te Ehrenburg i 1961, te faatura tuku i roto i tona pukapuka e pā ana ki Voloshin, reira rongo tonu te whakatupehupehu A. Dymshitz, e tohu ana ki te meka i ko ino o te iti Maximilian ka ähua tōraro ki te revolution.

Hoki ki te Crimea, e ngana ana ki te wahi i ki tā

I roto i te puna o 1917 ka hoki Voloshin ki te Crimea. I roto i tona haukiri i 1925, i tuhituhi ia e kore ia waiho reira, a e kore e neke atu i tetahi mea mawhiti. I mua, ka mea ia e kore e puta i runga i tetahi o nga rōpū ngangautanga, engari ora Russia anake me te whakamana i roto i reira; a tuhituhia ana e ia i hiahiatia e ia ki te noho i roto i Russia noa te mutunga. Voloshin Whare, kei roto i Koktebel, noho he Tūroro i roto i te Pakanga Civil. Here kitea ratou rerenga, me te huna i te whakatoi, me rangatira ma, me nga kau taki o te whero. tuhituhi tenei Maximilian i tona pehepehe 1926 "Ko te whare o te punake." "Whero Leader" ko Pera Kun. I muri patua Wrangel i, ka rere ia i te hemokai whakaritea, me te wehi te Tuhinga o te Crimea. Te āhua, rite kua he utu mo tukuloto'i te Kuhn i roto i te whare Voloshin era Soviet kua tiaki, whakaratohia rite pai rite te haumaru whanaunga. Heoi, e kore tona kaiaka ranei e whakaaro V. Veresaeva, mana i te wa, e kore ano te ahua o te ripeneta, me te inoi piira ki L. Kamenev, katoa-kaha ideologue (i roto i te 1924) kihai i te āwhina whati Maximilian ki tā.

E rua tohutohu Voloshin whakaaro

tuhituhi Voloshin e irava hoki he anake te ara o te faaite whakaaro reira. Na huakina ana e ratou ki a ia i roto i rua tohutohu. Tuatahi - historiosophical (te whakarau o Russia, nga mahi o i tangohia e ia tae pinepine conventionally fakalotú). Ko te tuarua - anti-hītori. Kia kï hoki huringa "Te ara o Kaina", i kitea nga whakaaro o te anarchism ao. tuhituhi te rohi pehe e i roto i enei mahi, mahia reira tata o ona whakaaro pāpori, i nga nuinga kino katoa. Me kï hoki te reo korokē whānui o tenei huringa.

Mohio me te hua mōhiotia

Ta'e o whakaaro, āhuatanga o Voloshin, arahina maha ki te meka i mohio a ona fakatupú ētahi wā rite te melodeclamation tärewatanga ( "Preosuschestvlenie", "Russia Tapu", "Kitezh", "Ko te Time o Angels," "Te Wild Field"), punditry aestheticized ( "Cosmos "" rewiatana "," Tanob "me etahi atu mahi o" ara o Kaina "), stylization pretentious (" Dmetrius-Hiha "," Archpriest Hapakuke, "" Saint herapima, "" Poutohu o Inoke Ihowā te "). Otiia, e taea te mea te reira e maha o ana whiti o te wā orurehau kua mohio rite te taunakitanga whānui, me te pau whiti (hei tauira, whakaahua typological "Bourgeois", "tirohia,", "Te Whero" et al., Whakapuakitanga lyrical "i te raro o te reinga" me "Te tūwhera "faahiahia kōrero" apato'erau "me ētahi atu mahi).

Tefito e pā ana ki toi me te haapiiraa peita

I muri i te revolution, mutu tana mahi hei fakaanga toi. Heoi, i taea ki te whakaputa 34 tuhinga i runga i te toi pai Russian, me te 37 tuhinga i runga i toi French Maximilian. Tona mahi monographic tuatahi i oti rawa ki Surikov, te mau tonu tana uara. Ko te pukapuka "Te Wairua o te Gothic" i mahue oti i. Runga atu i taua mahi Maximilian i 1912 me 1913.

ka mau ake Voloshin peita i roto i te tikanga ki te whakawa i te ngaio e pā ana ki te toi ataata. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, ko ia he toi pūmanawa. whenua peita wai Crimean, mahi ana ki te inscriptions whiti, ka tona tūmomo tino. I roto i te 1932 (11 August) i roto i Koktebel mate Maximilian Voloshin. haurongo poto taea te kō atu i te reira ki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona ora whaiaro, meka ngā i nei tapaea tatou i raro.

meka Interesting i te ora tūmataiti Voloshin

I tū Teuere Voloshin me Nikolaya Gumileva i te awa Black, te tetahi wahi e koperea Pushkin Dantes. A 72 matahiti i muri, a hoki no o te wahine. Heoi, kua puritia whakarau na nga kaitito rongonui e rua, he aha i Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich me Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Te rohi pehe, te faaitehia i raro nei tona whakaahua, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

kopere ratou no te mea Lizy Dmitrievoy. tae ia he staroispanskoy akoranga me te tuhinga French Old i te Sorbonne. Ko te tuatahi o te kotiro whakaraua Gumilyov. kawea ia ia ki te haere ki Voloshin i Koktebel. whakapohehe ia te kotiro. mahue Nikolay Gumilyov rite ongo'i ia hira. Heoi, tonu tenei kōrero te i muri i te ia, a te mutunga arahina ki te Tūkorehu. Ko te marae whiua ki te hopu o te wiki o Gumilev me Voloshin - ki te ra kotahi.

Ko te wahine tuatahi Maksimiliana Voloshina - Margarita Sabashnikova. Ki reira, tae ia kauwhau i te Sorbonne. Te faaipoiporaa, Heoi, hohoro hinga motu - hinga ia i roto i te aroha ki a Vyacheslav Ivanov. fokotu'u tana wahine Sabashnikova ora toru. Heoi, ko te hapu o te "momo hou" kihai i mahi. Tana wahine tuarua ko te nēhi Maria Stepanova (whakaahua i runga ake), tiaki mo te whaea ruhiruhia o Maximilian.