Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: he haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, he haurongo poto e titiro te marautanga - te geneticist rongonui, he huaota Russian, matawhenua, kaiwhakarewa o te parau haapiiraa o te takenga o te uwhi me turanga koiora o kōwhiringa, te initiator o te hanganga o te huinga o ngā pūtahi rangahau pūtaiao, i whanau i roto i Moscou i runga i Noema 25, 1887. hanga pūtaiao Russian kua he takoha tino taonga ki te pūtaiao, e mōhiotia nei ko ōmataora huri noa te ao.

Passion mō otaota i te tamarikitanga

Matua Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - mai i te utuafare kaiahuwhenua, ko ia he kaihokohoko o te rua o nga Guild, ka whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi pāpori. I mua i te revolution arahina manufactory wheketere "Wetetāuta me Vavilov." Mama - Alexander M. - ko te tamahine o te tohunga toi-kaituhi Prohovskoy manufactory. Katoa i roto i te utuafare, i reira nga tamariki e whitu, e toru o nei i mate i roto i te tamarikitanga. whakatapua tona ora ki te ahupūngao, whakaturia i roto i te kura pūtaiao Soviet o optics tinana, i roto i te 1945-1951 ahu e ia te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR - te teina o te pūtaiao heke mai - Sergei Vavilov. I whakaritea e te tuahine tuakana o Alexander te ara hauora, hoko i te kaiwhakahaere o Moscow whatunga parukore. ako te tuahine teina, ki te waiho i te kaikoiora moroiti, i roto i tetahi o nga haerenga mau - Lydia koroputaputa , me te mate. Nikolai Vavilov, he ngā ki faahinaaro o tona he haurongo poto mahi pūtaiao, pērā i ētahi atu tamariki, i ko aroha o otaota me ngaa kararehe, me te whai i te susceptibility tiketike ki pūtaiao tūturu. whai wāhi ana tēnei rauaruhe ki ngā pukapuka onge, mahere me te herbarium nei i te whare pukapuka nui o tona papa, a ka whakatairanga i te hanganga o te iranga heke mai.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: he haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki

Na roto i te hinaaro o te Nikolai Vavilov, whakauru te papa i roto i te kura arumoni. Ki runga ki tona otinga, i roto i 1906, ka e ia he ākonga o Institute o Agriculture (agronomy Faculty) i roto i Moscow. 1908 i tohua e te ope ākonga i runga i Transcaucasia me te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus, te wahi i te Vavilov N. I., he biography poto o e e hiahiatia ki te ako i te marautanga, whakahaere rangahau matawhenua, me te huaota. I roto i te 1910 ka mau te reira mahi agronomical wahi i Poltava teihana whakamātautau, tiaki Vavilov hoki te mahi hua atu.

I roto i te wā o te ako i te keno evanelia ki mahi rangahau whakakitea Nicholas toutou; hoatu ākonga kauwhau i runga i te whakapapa i roto i te ao te tipu, me te whakamātautau Morphology, te aroaro he tuhinga whakapae e pā ana ki ngata tahanga, hoko pāmu Moscow kawanatanga. Hoki tenei mahi, i whakawhiwhia Nikolai Vavilov te Moscow Kuratini Museum. I muri i tu'ite, kua mahue te tangata taitamariki whaihua ki te faaineine no te ahorangitanga i te Tari o Agriculture, ka takoto ki te teihana tupuranga o te whare, te wahi i timata ai ia ako wātea i te mate tipu tata ngakia ki te harore, pirinoa. Whakarara ki tenei, whakaako Nikolay Ivanovich i te Institute mo Women ko Agriculture.

Taunga ki te wheako o ratou ritenga Pākehā

Mai i 1911 ki te tau 1912 i ia tona karahipi i St Petersburg, te whakaaro o i ko ake i roto i-hohonu whakataki ki te matawhenua o pata mahinga, ako o ratou āhuatanga, me te mate uruta, a ka i roto i te 1913 - i te haerenga ki waho ki te whakaoti i ta ratou mātauranga. I roto i Germany, mahi Nikolai Ivanovich mo etahi wa i roto i te German taiwhanga philosopho me taiao Ernsta Gekkelya, i roto i maheni France ki whakatutukitanga hou o te purapura tupuranga i Ingarangi, arahina e Ahorangi William Bateson (Ko tētahi o nga geneticists rahi o taua wa), e whakaaro Vavilov tona kaiwhakaako, ako te pūmautanga ki mate o pata. Ko te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao te take o te taumahi haukoti, ka a Nikolai ki hoki ki Moscow, i reira tonu ia i tona mahi i runga i te ako o te tipu wātea i te mate, whakahaere ngā i roto i nurseries tāone takirua ki Ahorangi Zhegalovym S. I.

He aha mate i roto i Pahia hoia Russian?

I roto i te 1916, riro Nikolai Vavilov tohu o te ariki i muri pai te haere i te whakamātautau; i roto i te wā kotahi, kapea ana e ia i te whawhai e tika ana ki te koha o te aroaro (whara i roto i te kanohi kōhungahunga), kawea mai i roto i te rite te mātanga i runga i nga take o disorders papatipu i roto i Pahia hoia o te ope Russian. Ko te take o te mate i taea e ki te tāutu i Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki 2 whakaahua ana te piha haapiiraa i eke ki te paraoa nga mongamonga o harore uri tuangi Stromantinia temulenta, hua matū e taea meinga pau i roto i te tangata, - he temulin pāhare. Ko te hua o tona mahi ko te ngaronga o te mahara, hukihuki, te momoe, me whanoke; i reira ko te taea o te mate. I faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru mā te rāhui i te whakamahi o ngā hua rohe; tīmata tikanga deliveries i Russia.

I muri i te fariiraa i whakaaetanga ki te whakahaere i te ārahitanga hōia o te ope, ka haere hohonu Vavilov ki Iran, e maka ana whāinga ki te titiro tauira o pata rohe. Rui purapura i roto i Ingarangi Persian witi, tamata Nikolai ara rerekē ki te whakapoke ia ki te paura koriri mā te tono hauota tongi ara meinga te mate. i kāore i whai katoa, ai mutu pūtaiao e te pūnaha ārai mate o te tipu ko te tika ti'aturi i runga i nga tikanga taiao o te ahua taketake o te momo. Ko reira i roto i tenei haerenga, ka puta Nikolai Ivanovich whakaaro e nga ture o te tāupetanga iranga.

angitu mahi

1917 i tohua e te pōtitanga o ngā kaiāwhina matenga o te Tari o Applied Botany a Vavilov i te kupu waewae R. E. tetahi o nga pūtaiao e mahi i runga i te wātea i te mate tipu, e kore i taea e haere mai ki te kaupapa whakatuwhera kia tata i te wa taua tino ki te whakanui i te take, pera i Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. parau mai ia tatou haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki e i roto i 1917 oho te pūtaiao ki Saratov i reira i nga Kōhi Higher o Agriculture ahu te Tari o te tupuranga, te iranga, me te pāmu tūmataiti. Ka rite ki te ahorangi i te agronomy Faculty i 1917 ki te 1921 i roto i Saratov University, Vavilov i whakarara ki te kauhau haere ia ki te ako whakamātautau o te mate o te kai. Ko te hua o tenei mahi nui, i ngā te ako o te maha rau ngā momo o te witi me te ōti, momo tātari ārai me ratou susceptibility ki te mate, te heheu mai aravihi kikokiko, ka whakaputaina i roto i te 1919. Ko te pepa "te wātea i te mate o te tipu ki ngā mate hopuhopu."

I roto i 1920, te pūtaiao rongonui hanga he whakaaturanga e pā ana ki te ture i roto i te rerekētanga ira o te raupapa huirua ki te Tuatoru katoa-Russia Congress, te komiti whakahaere i ahu ia. Kua riro te pūrongo i te hui nui o te ao o te pūtaiao koiora, a ka pai riro e te hapori pūtaiao.

Ngā, rangahau, whakatutukitanga

I roto i te 1920, i muri i te pōtitia ki te pou o te matenga o te Tari o Applied Botany ko Tīpakonga, Nikolai Vavilov, he haurongo poto whakaahuatia nei i roto i pukapuka maha, oho ia ki mua, te wahi i timata ai ia i roto i te ara nui ki te whakahaere mahi pūtaiao. Ko te upoko o te whakahaere, te mutunga whakaingoatia noho te Institute o Plant Vavilov katoa-Union noa te mutunga o te tau 1940. Fakataha ki AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich i tonoa ki te United States i reira whakaritea te supply purapura, ui i te wa ano, i te wāhi witi-tipu o US rohe. I te ara tae mai hoki te pūtaiao Belgium, Holland, France, Sweden, Ingarangi, i reira puritia e ia he maha o hui ki pūtaiao, tutaki ki teihana tupuranga me taiwhanga rangahau, whakapumautia hononga hou a whakaritea te hoko o te taputapu pūtaiao, tuhinga, me te purapura-kounga tiketike.

1923 i tohua e te Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova pōtitanga rite Kaiwhakahaere o te State Institute o whakamātautau agronomy. I te kaupapa o te pūtaiao i roto i nga tau 20 i hanga he maha nui o ngā teihana rangahau, ako, me te a'usia ngā momo o tipu whai hua i roto i te whānuitanga o te huarere me te oneone tikanga o te USSR.

He whai tino taonga ki te pūtaiao

E āta hono ana Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha ki ngā haerenga pūtaiao, whakatinana i 1924 ki te 1929. Ko Afghanistan, Africa, te Mediterranean, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, i roto i nei tāpiri kaipūtaiao ki te kohinga o purapura (i roto i te mano o ngā tauira), ka hua nga pokapū ako o hua tipu tenei.

I roto i te 1927, mo te pūrongo pai "ngā Geographical ki ako i te rerekētanga o te uwhi i roto i te USSR", i hanga Nikolai Ivanovich i roto i Roma i te amuiraa o tohunga ahuwhenua, whakawhiwhia pūtaiao i te Gold Medal, a faaoti i te Conference ki te tono i te pūnaha Vavilov whakawhanakehia o kai matawhenua ao.

Family Nikolai Vavilov

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, he haurongo poto e parau o ana whakatutukitanga nui i roto i te ao o te pūtaiao, kua kua marenatia rua. wahine tuatahi ko Ekaterina Nikolaevna pūtaiao Sakharov, i te faaipoiporaa ki i nei, he tama, Oleg. mate ia i roto i te 28 tau o te tau i roto i te Caucasus i toka piki. wahine Tuarua - Doctor o Agricultural Sciences, kaikoiora Elena Barulin ki i waia Nikolai i te wa o ona ākonga (1918); kotiro taitamariki whai wāhi i roto i mau tautooraa e rave rahi o tona kaitohutohu (tae atu i roto i te ope ki te wahi te tonga-rawhiti o Russia), tuhituhi tuhinga, ngā i roto i te pukapuka o Vavilov i runga i hua mara. Family Elena Ivanovna hanga a Nikolay i 1926. Mai i whanau tenei faaipoiporaa i Yuri Vavilov, e riro te tākuta o sciences tinana, me te pāngarau, ahupūngao karihi, me te i nui ki te rapu hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona papa, me to ratou whakaputanga.

I te pūkete o te hanganga o te Vavilov Institute mo Fruit whakatipu, huawhenua me te rīwai rāngai, hua pārū, viticulture, kai, otaota hei rongoā me te kakara - neke atu i te kotahi rau pūtahi pūtaiao. I roto i te 1930, ahu Nikolai Vavilov te taiwhanga ira Leningrad o te USSR Academy, i 1931 - i te Society Matawhenua katoa-Union.

Tuhinga ka whakawakia teka

i faaara angitu mahi āhukahuka ao Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova ia hae, e tuhituhi i te pukapuka ki a Stalin ki pariraa tōrangapū, i whakatupato Vavilov i wehe i te ahuwhenua whakahenga tūturu, kairautanga tōrangapū i roto i nei kihai i Vavilov wehe i nga hoariri pono o te mana Soviet. whakahaere whakarara he whakatoi tūmatanui i roto i hautaka. Mai 1934, i rāhuitia Nikolai Ivanovich i haere ki waho, kitea tona mahi te ki kia ta'efakafiemālie.

hopukina Vavilov i roto i August 1940, i ako ki ngā mahi counter-hou. I roto i te 1941, i whiua te pūtaiao ki te mate; i whakakapi te rerenga i roto i te 1942 i te kupu-tau 20. mate Nikolai Ivanovich i roto i te hōhipera i Saratov whare herehere, i mate i roto i tona whare herehere kakā, te koripi; i roto i te whakamutunga o nga tau o te mauiui ora te ma'ii'o. i meinga e te mate i te heke o te mahi cardiac. Murimatetia rehabilitated pūtaiao Russian i roto i 1955: te utu katoa ki a ia i fabricated, puremu. Tanumia Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, he haurongo poto e moni he maha nui o ana faahinaaro, i roto i te urupa noa, me te tahi atu herehere.