Tower Bridge i London: whakaahuatanga, hītori, ngā āhuatanga me ngā meka ngā

Bridge Tower Bridge ko tetahi o nga kāri pakihi o London, me te UK rite te katoa i runga i te par ki te Buckingham Palace me te wira "London Eye" Ferris. haere Age hanganga mo te rau tau. Heoi, he ataahua, ngahau, me te ngā ki te iwi whānui, me te he mahi pai ki tona mahi taketake tonu te piriti.

piriti wāhi

Tower Bridge i London (Tower Bridge i Ingarihi) Kei te maha raruraru ki London, kei nei i paku ki runga ake i te awa. Waho, ko enei hanganga e rua tino kore rite, engari e tika ana ki to ratou wāhi he whakama. I roto i te meka, i te whakahua o te piriti tuatahi rawa i te moka ki te whakaata i runga i tona ingoa, a ka riro mārama katoa. Pourewa kua huaina ai e tika ana ki te meka kei e te i roto i te takiwā tonu o nga turanga i runga i te taha raki o te Hauraki, ko te pourewa o London. I roto i te whakaahua i raro nei e taea e koe te kite i te London Bridge.

faaau Wāhi: 51 ° 30'20 "ki. w. 0 ° 04'30 "W. d. Tower Bridge he he wāhi nui. Mai i nga matapihi nui o tona taiwhanga ki tirohanga momona o te pa ki te skyscraper mōhiotia tapaina a "kūkamo" me te hanga te kongakonga. Tahuri tona mata ki te taha ki te rawhiti, ka taea e kite koe i te Observatory Greenwich me kahui St. Catherine.

Tower Bridge: Whakaahuatanga

Ko te piriti Ko te Matihiko me te iri i te wa ano. Ko tōna roa ko te 244 m me te whanui mōrahi (i te whanganga pokapū) tae 61 m. Kei te wehea te wahi waenga o te piriti ki aranga ki parirau e rua, i ia o nei e ata neke atu i te mano taranata. Hoki te wahi o kaipuke e haere mai ki runga i te Thames, e taea te whakaarahia ratou i te koki o 83 nekehanga. I tautoko takawaenga piriti tāuta pourewa 65 m tiketike. I te taumata runga o ratou te hono i te ara e rua. E hangaia ratou ki te kaupare i te ope mānukanuka whakapae e hanga te wahi e iri o te piriti Tower Bridge i te whenua. I te turanga o ia pourewa whakanohoia tītaka mīhini.

tangohia te kaupapa tae o nāianei o te piriti (puru, me te ma) i roto i 2010. I mua ki tenei, kua noho ia tonu mai 1977, ka te kororia o te tiupiri hiriwa o hoahoa Kuini Elizabeth II pania i roto i ngā tae e toru: puru, whero me te ma.

he tuwhera ki te waka, me pedestrians te rahoraho o te piriti. Heoi, nga pourewa māhanga, te ara i runga i te taumata o runga me nga ruma pūkaha o te wā Victorian he wahi o te Exhibition Tower Bridge. Toro enei pae he taea ki te tīkiti.

History o hanga

Ko te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19 i tohua e te whanaketanga o te rohe, me te ara o te Whakamutunga Te Tai Rāwhiti. Kaiwae me hokohoko kaieke hōiho nui haere e rave rahi mau taime i roto i te hononga ki pakari tenei te whakahaere o whiti te Hauraki ki te rawhiti o London Bridge. I roto i te 1870, i raro i te kauhanga awa i whakatakotoria Tower arararo. Ka rite ki te arā raro, mahi ia i te wā poto ngā, me te pae hopea timata ki te whakamahi anake i te pedestrians. Na kua Kei reira matua wai. Ko te kupu, e kore kua te kauhanga faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru, na i roto i te 1876 i te komiti motuhake i raro i te ārahitanga o Tā A.D.Altmana, i i ki te kitea te ara o e whakawhiti pumau te awa i.

ua faaite te Komiti he whakataetae, i kawea mai tahi neke atu i te 50 kaupapa. kauwhautia te toa i roto i 1884, engari ka faaoti ki te hanga i te piriti Tower Bridge (English - pourewa Bridge). i mana hanga e Ture o te Paremete i roto i 1885. tautuhi ia te rahi o te piriti, me te te kāhua hoahoa - Gothic.

Te paturaa i te piriti

timata Construction o te piriti, ko muri i te pourewa i te 1886 me te waru tau roa. I roto i tenei wa, ka tangohia e matou wahi i roto i te tukanga o kirimana matua e rima: D. Jackson, Baron Armstrong, William Webster, H. Bartlett ko W. Arorol. I te pae hanga o 432 iwi i whai wāhi. Ko te tapeke utu o te piriti i te wa moni ki 1184 mano. Pauna. ka tango te hanga neke atu i 11 mano. tana o maitai.

whakatuwheratanga o Bridge Tower Bridge ka mau wahi i runga i Pipiri 30, 1894 I te hui tae e te Piriniha o Wēra (te heke mai Kingi Eruera te Tuawhitu) me tana wahine Alexandra o Denmark.

Kua i roto i nga tau tuatahi o ona huarahi mahi i waenganui i nga pourewa o te piriti riro he ingoa tohe rite he whakaruru mō pickpockets me wahine kairau. Mai kei te whakamahia uaua ratou pedestrians noa, i tutakina e ratou i te tau 1910. Ko te taiwhanga hou whakatuwheratia anake i roto i te tau 1982. I teie mahana te whakamahia te reira rite te tūāpapa mātakitaki me te whare taonga.

Waipēhi Pūnaha Bridge

Tower Bridge, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, kua he irava pokapū, wehea ki e rua parirau toronga. whakatika ratou i te koki o 83 nekehanga. Ngā mihi ki te faafaito e whakaiti kaha, e taea te diluted te piriti i roto i te kotahi noa meneti. peia Span e te pūnaha waipēhi. Ko reira te tuatahi he wai ki te kaha o te pēhanga whakahaere o 50 pae. mäminga Water rua engines korohū, e whai i te katoa kaha o 360 rita. Tenei pūnaha whakawhanakehia Kirikiriroa Randall Owen.

tikanga waipēhi me te pūnaha hau rama i tāutatia e William Sugg & Co Ltd, he pai-mohiotia i Westminster. Flashlights whiti i tahu hau te tīmatanga tuwhera i roto ia ratou. I muri mai, whakahoutia te pūnaha ki rama aano atu hou.

Kua te pūnaha waipēhi kua tino whakahoutia noa 1974. Ko te wāhanga anake e he tonu i roto i te te whakamahi i tenei ra ko te taputapu whakamutunga. E whakahaeretia ratou e te nekeneke waipēhi hou ki nihowhiti wahi whakamahia te hinu te utu o te wai. Kua wāhanga tiaki tikanga Original. kahore e ratou whakamahia inaianei, me te tuwhera ki te iwi whānui, whakarato he pūtake mō te whare taonga, i he piriti i roto i London Tower Bridge.

ao hou, o te piriti

I roto i te 1974, i timata te mahi i runga i te whakakapi i te huarahi taketake tawhito ki te pei pūnaha electrohydraulic. I roto i te 2000, kua he pūnaha rorohiko hou kua tāuta ki te whakaara, me tautoko raro mana mamao. Otiia i roto i te vairaa mau tahuri reira i roto i ki te kia hārakiraki, me rite ki te hua he piriti toutou mau i roto i te tūranga tuwhera kati ranei, i roto i 2005 kihai i whakakapi ona pūoko.

I roto i te 2008-2012. Kua oti Bridge facelift, ranei rite i huaina ai i roto i te press, "facelift". ka mau Hātepe wha nga tau, ka te utu £ 4 miriona. Kua peita ngā i runga i te hanganga kua murua iho ki whanau whakarewa. Ki te kore ona toenga e taka ki roto ki te Thames, ia wāhanga piriti hipoki e te ngahere, me te kirihou kiriata. pania te hoahoa i roto i te puru, me te ma. I tua atu, kua riro te piriti i te hoahoa rama hou.

whakahaere piriti

I roto i te tikanga ki te tōtika te whakahaere me te whakahaere i te kaupapa piriti awa, whakamahia he raupapa o ngā ture me tohu. I roto i te mana awatea i kawea i roto i ki te awhina o te semaphore whero, tāuta nei i roto i ruma iti i runga i ngā taha e rua o nga Ua monohia piriti. I te po, i whakamahia rama tae: e rua whero - katia te irava te ka rua matomato - he tuwhera te piriti. I roto i te rama rangi kohu tahi Gong.

E haere ana i te piriti o te marae, rawa, i matou ki te whakaatu i etahi tohu. I roto i te ahiahi, ko reira he pōro pango ki te diameter i te iti rawa 0,61 mita, whakaturia i te teitei wātea ki te kanohi. I te po i roto i te wahi ano tahuna rama whero. I roto i te kohu rangi kaipuke e hiahiatia ana tohu maha steam whiowhio.

Kei te tiaki wāhanga o te taputapu kē me inaianei, kua māngai reira i roto i te whare taonga.

Te mea faahiahia, te piriti nui atu i te tau kotahi rau, he mea he te whakawhetai wahi ora ki ona tūruhi maha, me te tonu tonu te rere nui o hokohoko. Katoa ra whiti reira nui atu i 40 mano. People (pedestrians, pahikara, kaitaraiwa). I roto i te tikanga ki te mau tonu tapatahi hanganga, i reira te mea he rohe tere o te haere i runga i te piriti - e kore neke atu i 32 km / h - ka kawe taimaha - kaua e nui ake 18 taranata.

I roto i ngā wā mua, ka tuwhera te piriti i runga i te rā me te neke atu i te kotahi. Na, ki te tika i raro i a ratou, kia whakamōhiotia 24 haora i roto i mua. whakaputaina wā tuwhera te i runga i te paetukutuku mōhiohio. Haere noa.

Ko te ingoa o te piriti, me tona ahua e waia huri noa te ao, a ka e maha na whakamahia mō ngā take pānuitanga. Hei tauira, kua karangatia e maha whare mātauranga Tower Bridge. I roto i ngā, i te Moscow institution arumoni ki ako kaha o te reo Pākehā. I roto i te tikanga ki te whai i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te faanahoraa, lau nga arotake e pā ana ki te kura "Tower Bridge School" mahue e ia ākonga, me o ratou matua.

tauhohenga Public ki te piriti

Ko reira taa'eraa e te piriti Tower Bridge, i waho nei te hakari hou London e taea noa i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, tino nui faaino. I huaina e ia tumuaki tuarua bezdelnichestva, falsification me te ikeike. kī artist Ingarangi me te kaihoahoa Frank Brangwyn e atu hanganga heahea kua kore i hanga i runga i te awa rautaki nui.

Ka rite ki te wā e haere, ke reira te perception tūmatanui o te piriti. Na e mohio ai e nga wae o te whakapaipai kāwanatanga. Tumu kōrero me te kaiarahi o te hoahoanga Rana Cruickshank tīpakohia ia rite tetahi o nga whakaurunga wha, e kua whakaahuatia i roto i tona kiriata "Ko te whare pai o Peretane."