Tohutoro hoki te hītori o te tuhinga. History o te Ao Literature

I roto i te ki te tikanga ako ki matau nga ngā matua o te whanaketanga o tetahi rāngai ahurea, kia lau he rota o pepa. Ko te aroaro timata koutou, he mea e tika ana ki te hanga i te rārangi o te tuhinga. Kua tuhituhia pukapuka maha i runga i te hītori o te tuhinga. Ētahi e hanga e fakaangá tuhituhi ngaio. E taunga etahi ki o ratou ritenga hoki te whānuitanga o ngā kaipānui ngā. kia tino hiahia ko e hoatu tuatahi.

Hipokina te kahu nui o te ahurea, ko te kotahi e ara rawa mōmona, e taea e kore. Na reira, hanga he rārangi o tuhinga i runga i te hītori o te tuhinga, he mea e tika ana ki te whai i te periodization.

tuhinga tawhito

He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te pānui i te mahi o te kaituhi nei i noho hoki neke atu i te rua tekau mau tenetere i ma'iri? Hei pe si◊aki te mana nui o te tuhinga tahito i runga i te tuhi o nāianei, me te whiti e taea. kotahi ka mea a Great Pushkin: "katoa ka matou i roto o te Homer temepara." auraa mahi o te rohi pehe Kariki onamata, e kua roa ako te iwi nui atu iti iho ranei kuraina Classic. ara kua nuinga pūtaiao lau Homer i te taketake.

Ki te mate o Pushkin haere maha nga tau, kua puta ke te rota. pa nui faafariuraa me te pakiwaitara. Otiia tohu pūrākau me ngā kaupapa i te mahi o ngā kaituhi Kariki me Roma tawhito i roto i te mara ngā o te ahurea reira i teie mahana. A pera ki te tangata e hiahia ana ki te kia mohiotia rite te mātauranga, kia mohio i te iti rawa nga ingoa o nga māngai matua o te ahurea onamata. Aue me te hunga e hiahia ana ki te ako i roto i te hohonu tenei kaupapa, ko reira e tika ana ki te hanga i te rārangi o te tuhinga. E ai ki te hītori o te tuhinga o Antiquity hanga te nuinga rauemi mātauranga mō philologists heke mai. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou:

• IM Tronsky "Ko te hītori o te tuhinga tawhito."
• I. F, a Ann "History o whakaari tahito."
• BA Gilenson "Ko te hītori o te tuhinga tawhito."
• AF Losev "History o rerehua onamata."
• ML Gasparov "Literature o onamata Pākehā."

O te akoranga, ki te pānui i enei mahi katoa kia anake kia hunga e whakamahere te wahi nui o tana ora ki te kawe i roto i tetahi wahi tawhiti i te ao, me te ora pāpori. Hei tauira, i te Tari o Classical philology o tetahi o nga whare wānanga tūmatanui. e kore e taea te pānui i ngā pukapuka katoa. Ka taea e anake e koe te whiriwhiri i te hunga e e mau hiahiatia. Na reira, hanga he rārangi o tuhinga i runga i te hītori o te tuhinga, me te whawhati i te reira ki nga wahi kia rite ki te periodization, he reira nui ki te pānui i tetahi mahi i ia wāhanga.

Literature Russian Ancient

I waenganui XI-XVII i te ahurea o Russia i motuhake. I roto i enei rau tau whakawhanakehia he momo motuhake i roto i te tuhinga. Ratou analogues i roto i te ahurea ao i reira. Tenei pukapuka, me te korero hōia, me te ora. tohu ahurea nui o tenei wā ko te "whakapa." Pānui enei mahi he rawa uaua ki te matau i te tangata hou. Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te tiki maheni ki te āhuatanga taketake o tenei tuhinga, ka taea e koe te pānui i "te History o tuhinga Russian Old." Kaituhi - N. K. Gudzy.

tuhinga wharekarakia

Whanaketanga tuhinga ta'elava hono ki ngā kaupapa hītori, me ngā āhuatanga āhuatanga o te ora pāpori o te wā i homai. Middle - te reira te wā pouri, me te pe'ape'ao. I roto i tetahi take, he kanohi taua kua e pā ana ki a ia he tangata hou. Otiia ara i roto i tenei era i hanga mahi e kua ora ki te ra nei. Ka taea e ratou te ako e pā ana ki te pukapuka V. M. Zhirmunskogo "History o Foreign Literature. Middle ake a Renaissance. " I roto i tenei akoranga, i te mea kitea i te taitara, kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te wā i muri i roto i te whanaketanga o te tikanga.

Renaissance

I roto i tenei wā, ko tuhinga he whanaketanga motuhake. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kaituhi o tenei wā ko te whakaaro o te humanism, i meinga faufaa ki te ahurea Pākehā i roto i te whānui. Heoi, i roto i ia whenua, i hanga kaituhi me kaitito ratou hamaniraa i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga motu. Mō te mea e nohoia ana āhuatanga āhuatanga mahi o enei kaituhi, he reira taea ki te ako i te fakaanga tuhituhi pukapuka Soviet B. Na Purisheva. huaina te pukapuka ko "Foreign Literature. Parare. "

Classicism

i mohio ki tenei wā ko te kāhua toi me te aronga rerehua i roto i te ahurea. mahi Classic o te tuhinga - he matua, he tākaro, whakaari me te ode. Māngai o tenei au i roto i te parahi Russian Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Fonvizin. te tangata kua kite tika ai ki te matau i te whakaaro nui o te hanga mahi i roto i enei momo tangata, ko ki ako i te mahi o te faaino Russian L. V. Pumpyanskogo "Ki te Classicism Russian o hītori."

Ko te hītori o te tuhinga Russian o te rau tau XIX

Just kotahi rau i reira ko te ara tuatahi i roto i te ahurea o Russia. Ko rawa pono o te tuhinga tenei. Ko rongonui hoki te tupuni ngingila o kaitito me kaituhi tenei rau tau. I roto ia ratou, Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, me te tini ke atu. O te akoranga, me ngā pukapuka i oti rawa ki tenei wā, he rota. Ko te tino rongonui - "History o tuhinga Russian o te rau tau XIX" V. I. Korovina. whakaputaina tēnei pukapuka i roto i toru ngā pukapuka, ia kanga ki te ngā motuhake me ngā tauira o te whanaketanga o te whiti me te tuhi i roto i Russian.

Literature o te rau tau XX

I roto i te rau tau mua, kua kite te ao kia maha ngā whakatakotoria e kore i taea e tenei pā te tikanga. momo motuhake o ngā pukapuka riro o te rau tau 20. I roto i Russia, e taea te wehea tenei wā ki te maha wāhanga iti, ia o nei ngā he maha o kaituhi pūmanawa. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tuhinga o Germany, Ingarangi, France me te US, tenei kaupapa kua whānui kōrero pukapuka. Ko tētahi o ratou - "Foreign Literature XX». Kaituhi - L. Andreev. Na he kaupapa pērā i "Literature o te rau tau 20 i roto i Russia", whakakitea i roto i te pukapuka SI Kormilova. hipokina tona pukapuka te wā i te 20 o ki 90 a. Ko te ingoa o te pukapuka matua - "History o tuhinga Russian o XX rautau".

Te tuhi kāinga hou

Ki reira ngā mahi e kua hanga i roto i te wā hipoki e te Russian theoretician Kormilovym. Prose Modern - he wā whanaunga. Ka taea te pēnei te māngai o tenei tuhinga i roto i te wā whanaketanga ki te kaituhi e tuhituhi tenei ra, me te hunga e meatia ana he hawhe rau ki muri. Otiia ki te mea na te parau "te tuhi hou" kaituhi mohio whakaputa inaianei ratou pukapuka, te mahi i runga i te ako o tenei wā tuhituhi te kore mua atu i roto i tetahi atu toru tekau e wha tekau ranei tau.

pukapuka a ngā tamariki

Literature mo te kaipānui whakaotinga puta rite te rārangi motuhake i roto i te rau tau XVII. Ko Ko te aha e kore te mea rite whānui rite tetahi atu te kaupapa o "Te History o te tamariki Literature", e whakaaro i roto i tenei tuhinga. timata te tuhi Russian mō ngā tamariki ki te whakawhanake mātātoa i roto i te ra Petra Velikogo. Nui te whai i hanga e taua kaituhi rite Derzhavin, Karamzin, Sumarokov. Ko te hītori o te tuhinga o ngā tamariki - he kuao pūtaiao. Kei te oti rawa ia ki te kore te rota o te mahi. Ka taea e te taua katoa e huaina ki tetahi o ratou - "tuhinga o tatou tamariki" F. Toll.