Tinihanga Sapphire i roto i tales patupaiarehe Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - kaihanga o te momo tuhituhi motuhake - he korero Sapphire. kōrero iti whakahe kaituhi Russian taero me autocracy, liberalism. matapaki ana tēnei tuhinga i enei mahi o Saltykov-Shchedrin, rite "kaiwhakarëti Wild", "Eagle-kaiwhakaruruhau", "nga kaihao ia paari", "Carp-idealist."

Āhuatanga tales Saltykov-Shchedrin

I roto i te tales patupaiarehe, ka taea e tenei kaituhi te whakatau me te whakarite, me te grotesque me hyperbole. He āhuatanga āhuatanga kōrero Aesopian. Ko te kōrero i waenganui i te pūāhua whakaata te huru i taea ana i roto i te hapori o te rau tau XIX. He aha e nga tikanga e whakamahia ana kaituhi Sapphire? I roto i te tikanga ki te pahono i teie uiraa, kia waiho ai hei tirohanga poto o te ora o te kaituhi kia nanakia mārō riria te ao o te kaipupuri whenua.

e pā ana ki te kaituhi

ngā Saltykov-Shchedrin tona mahi tuhituhi ki te mahi tūmatanui. whanau te kaituhi i mua nei i roto i te kawanatanga Tver, engari i muri i te mutunga o te Lyceum haere ki St. Petersburg, i reira riro ia he tūranga i roto i te Tari Pakanga. Kua i roto i nga tau tuatahi o te mahi i roto i te pane o te āpiha taitamariki timata ia ki te kahakore taero, teka, hoha kingi pūtahi. Ki te nui ahuareka tae Saltykov-Shchedrin ngā ahiahi tuhituhi, i te wā e huru antiserfdom. Mō ona whakaaro, fakatokanga ia Petersburgers i te aamu "He Complicated Affair," "totohe". Hoki i whakahekea e ia ki a Vyatka.

Life i roto i te kawanatanga kua whakahohea te kaituhi ki te mau i roto i te taipitopito te ao uiui, te ora o nga kaipupuri whenua, me nga peasants tukinotia e ratou. kua waiho tenei wheako he mea mo mahi i muri i tuhituhia, me te te hanganga o tikanga Sapphire motuhake. He nāianei o Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin kotahi mea o ia: "matau Russian, rite kahore tetahi atu ia."

tinihanga Sapphire Saltykov-Shchedrin

Ko te tino kanorau tona mahi. Otiia pea te rongonui tino i roto i te mahi o Saltykov-Shchedrin e tika tales patupaiarehe. He maha ngā tikanga Sapphire motuhake ki i tamata i te kaituhi ki te kawe i ki kaipānui te tūpuku me te mahaki o te kaiwhakarëti i roto i te ao. A i runga katoa ko reira whakarite aua. I roto i te kaituhi hipoko heheu te take tōrangapū, me te pāpori hohonu ki te whakapuaki i to ratou ake wāhi o te tirohanga.

Ko tētahi atu tikanga - te whakamahi o tohu fantastic. Hei tauira, i roto i "Te Tale e pā ana ki te āhua o whangai e rua tianara tangata kotahi" mahi ratou rite te tikanga o te faaiteraa o te riri ki nga kaiwhakarēti. I te pae hopea, kōrero ki te tikanga Sapphire Shchedrin, e kore ki te whakahua i te fakataipe. I muri i te katoa, maha tohu nga marohirohi o tales patupaiarehe ki tetahi o nga ari pāpori o te rau tau XIX. Na, nga pūāhua matua o "Konyaga" kitea te mamae katoa o te iwi Russian, tukinotia hoki ngā rau tau. Kei raro ko te tātari o mahi tīpakohia o Saltykov-Shchedrin. He aha ngā tikanga Sapphire whakamahia i roto i a ratou?

"Carp-idealist"

I roto i tenei korero whakahuatia whakaaro o pūkenga Saltykov-Shchedrin. tinihanga Sapphire e taea te kitea i roto i te hua "Carp-idealist" - ko te tohu, te whakamahi o kupu rongonui me whakatauki. Ia o nga pūāhua - he whakapakoko ngā o te māngai o te piha haapiiraa pāpori.

faaafaroraa i te wahi a tawhio noa te korero patupaiarehe - he Carp kōrero me Ruff. Tuatahi, kua matau kua reira i te taitara o te mahi whangai ana ki te hei tirohanga whai,, whakapono i roto i te pai. Ruff taua - te reira te anga ke, ariā Mahalo whakahi tona hoariri. He he he korero, me te huru tuatoru - Pike. Tenei ika haumaru tohu te Saltykov-Shchedrin, nga mana e kia i te hua. mohiotia Pike te ki te whangai i runga i carp. Last, aia e te mau mana'o pai, kua tonoa mai te reira ki te kaikonihi. Ko te ture nanakia o te natura (ranei rau tau whakapumautia nahanaha i roto i te hapori) whakapono Karas. tumanako ia ki te korerorero ki te tales pike o faingamālie rite, te oaoa te ao, te viivii ore. A reira mate ai. Pike, rite nga pitopito kōrero kaituhi, e kore he maheni te kupu "te viivii ore".

E whakamahia tikanga Sapphire kore anake ki tawai ki te rigidity o nga māngai o etahi wāhanga o te hapori. Ki te a ratou, Kei te ngana te kaituhi ki te kawe i te horihori tautohetohe moralistic, i whakaritea mai e te roto i te pūkenga o te rau tau XIX.

"Kairetiwhare Wild"

i oti rawa serfdom pā he rota o te wāhi i roto i te mahi o Saltykov-Shchedrin. I ia te tahi mea ki te mea ki kaipānui o tenei pūkete. Heoi, tuhi tuhinga kairīpoata e pā ana ki te hononga o te kaiwhakarēti ki te peasants te whakaputanga o mahi toi i roto i te momo o te talena i runga i te tumu parau e aore i wehe ki hopearaa kino mo te kaituhi. Na reira i ahau ki te huihui ki whakarite, kōrero kōmeke ngāwari. I roto i "kaipupuri whenua Wild," e korero tatou e pā ana ki te usurper Russian angamaheni, e kore mōhiotanga, rerekē, me te whakaaro nui.

e kino ana ia i te "tangata", me o ratou moe o kotakota. I te kaiwhakarëti poauau taua kihai i matau e e mate ia ki waho o te peasants. I muri i te katoa, e kore ia e hiahia ki te mahi i tetahi mea, me e kore e mohio pehea. kia whakaaro e taha e te tauira o te korero hero ko te kaiwhakarëti, e, pea, tutaki te kaituhi i roto i te ora tūturu. Otiia e kore. E kore te mea tenei e pā ana ki tetahi rangatira ngā. A i runga i te paparanga pāpori rite te katoa.

Ki te whānuitanga hope roa, kahore circumlocutions, tenei kaupapa Saltykov-Shchedrin whakakitea i roto i "Te Ariki Golovlyovo". pūāhua o te pūrākau - te māngai o te kawanatanga u atawhai - e patua tetahi e tetahi. Ko te take mō te mate ratou - wairangi, kuware, mangere. Pūāhua korero patupaiarehe "te kaipupuri whenua Wild," te kotahi tonu. I muri i te katoa, ka whakakahoretia e ia o nga peasants, i tuatahi i pai engari kihai i rite te ora, kahore ratou.

"Eagle-kaiwhakaruruhau"

Ko nga toa o tenei korero - ekara, me raweni. Ko te tuatahi tohu te kaipupuri whenua. Ko te tuarua - te peasants. haere ano te kaituhi ki te farii i whakarite aua e ai ridicules te mau viivii tei o te kaha. Ko reira ano hoki te korero Nightingale, makipai, te Owl me te Woodpecker. Ia o nga manu - he whakarite aua i runga i te momo o te tangata ranei piha pāpori. Pūāhua i roto i "Orel-Maecenas" atu humanized atu, hei tauira, te marohirohi o tales patupaiarehe "Carp-idealist." Na, Woodpecker, tikanga ki tautohe, kua riro i roto i te otinga o te hītori manu he patunga o te konihi, engari taka muri tutaki.

"Nga kaihao ia Wise"

Ka rite ki i roto i nga mahi whakaahuatia ana i runga, i roto i tenei korero whakaara ake te kaituhi take e hāngai ana ki te wa. A i konei riro te reira mārama i te rārangi tuatahi. Ko nga tikanga Sapphire Saltykov-Shchedrin - te whakamahi tikanga toi mo nga hē whakapakoko nui tūmatanui kore anake, engari te ao ano hoki. Ko te kōrero i roto i te "ika whakaaro nui," Ko te kaituhi i roto i te kāhua angamaheni o te patupaiarehe-korero: "He ko ...". Ko te hero o tona kaituhi te āhuatanga e whai ake: "he marama, āhua-ohaoha".

Wehi me te passivity i roto i tenei korero ridicules te rangatira nui o te pūhohe. I muri i te katoa, i noa ki te nuinga o te intelligentsia i te eighties o te rau tau XIX mema o enei mau peu. e kore e nga kaihao ia waiho kore tona whakarurutanga. ora e ia he ora roa, te aperaa i te tangata kino o te ao nga wai. Otiia i mua i tika i tona matenga mōhio te nui ngaro i roto i tona ora roa, me te horihori.