Te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko: te whakamahi i te tauira

Ki te mahi te tangata i roto i te ako o te hangarau rorohiko e kore he pāpaku noa, engari tino, me pono te mea mōhio o te mea e te rerekē momo o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko. Tenei pātai ko te faufaa, no te mea hoki ko te whakamahi e kore e anake o ngā pūnaha pūmanawa me te whakahaere, engari te hōtaka i roto i te parau tumu e hāngai ana i runga i enei Ahata.

Låsoni "Whakaaturanga o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko": te taketake

Ko te tikanga, taputapu rorohiko mo te ara maharatia e ia te kōrero whakahau ranei, faafariu ratou ki te hōputu kōnae me whakarato te kaiwhakamahi he ahua rerekē i te ariā tikanga te hua oti.

Ko te take i hāngai katoa o te pūnaha ngā i runga i rua anake ngā arorau - "pono" me "» teka (pono, teka). I roto i te tikanga ohie ko reira "ae" ranei "kahore."

Kei te matau te reira e kore e te pūtaiao kupu rorohiko matau te aha i hanga te pūnaha mamati motuhake ki waehere herenga i te ata o te hangarau rorohiko, i roto i nei te whakaae o te kōwae e hāngai ana, me te whakakāhoretanga - te kore. Ko rite te mea puta te kanohi rua pera-ka karanga o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko. Tei runga i te huinga o te hunga me ngā kore he fakapapau'i me te rahi o te ahanoa raraunga.

Ko te kōwae iti o tenei momo ko te rahi he bit - bit, e taea whai i te uara o rānei 0 ranei 1. Heoi, e kore e pūnaha hou ki taua rahinga iti mahi, a kua heke tata ara katoa o te whakaatu i te kōrero i roto i te rorohiko ki te whakamahi i tika waru paraire, e tahi kėia paita (2 ki te waru te mana). Ko te kupu, i roto i te paita kotahi taea te hanga o te whakawaehere tetahi huru o 256 taea. A ko reira te waehere ā-rua ko te kamaka o tetahi o te ahanoa mōhiohio. Ka kia mohio ki te reira, me pehea titiro te reira i roto i te mahi.

Informatics: te whakarato o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko. tau pūmau-ira

Mai i korero tuatahi ai e pā ana ki ngā tau, whakaaro tatou pehea te pūnaha akono ratou. Ka taea te wehea māngai o ngā mōhiohio tau i roto i te rorohiko i tenei ra ki tau tukatuka ki pūwāhi pūmau, me te tere. taea hoki te pēnei te momo tuatahi tau tōpu noa, i muri i te ira, ko te nei utu kore.

Kei te whakapono te reira e taea te tau o tenei momo tango 1, 2, ranei 4 bytes. Ko te paita upoko pera-ka karanga he kawenga mo te tohu o te tau, i te tohu pai hāngai ki te kore, a kino - wae. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, he kanohi 2-paita o te whānuitanga o ngā uara mō ngā tau pai i roto i te whānuitanga o 0 ki te ^{16 no fepuare} 1, i te mea 65535, me hoki ngā tau kino - -2 ¹⁵ ki te 2 ¹⁵ -1, i te mea rite ki te awhe tau i -32768 ki 32767.

kanohi Māngi-ira

Na whakaaroa te momo tuarua o tau. Ko te take i te mau haapiiraa marautanga kura i runga i "pūrongo i runga i te rorohiko" (māka 9) tau tere-ira e kore e whakaaro. Operations ki a ratou he tino matatini me e whakamahia, hei tauira, i roto i ngā kēmu rorohiko. E te ara, he iti raruraru i te kaupapa, kia mea ai e hoki kāri whakairoiro hou ko te tere o whakawhitinga tetahi o nga tohu matua o te mahi kei ki taua tau.

Tenei whakamahi tatou te puka taupūtanga, i roto i nei e taea te puta ke te tūranga o te tekauira. Ka rite ki te tātai taketake, e whakaatu ana i te kanohi o tetahi maha o whakaaetia te _{^{whai ake: A = m A * q P}} , te wahi m _A - ko te ^P mantissa, q - ko te pakiaka, me te P - raupapa tau.

Me whakatau i te mantissa te titauraa o te q ^-1 ≤ | m _A | <1, ka reira me kia hautanga tika rua kei roto i te mati i muri i te ira, he rerekē i kore nei, me te tikanga o - te tau katoa. A taea e rawa ngāwari ki te whakaaro i roto i te puka taupūtanga tetahi tau ira tonu o. Na i te maha o tenei momo te rahi o 4 8 ranei paita.

Hei tauira, te tau ā-ira te 999,999 rite ki te tātai ki te mantissa tonu o e titiro rite 0,999999 _~ 10 ^3.

Whakaatu i te raraunga kuputuhi: he moka o hītori

Te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa o ngā pūnaha rorohiko whakamahi tonu te mōhiohio whakamātautau. Na tiro te mōhiohio tuhi i roto i te rorohiko hāngai ki te taua mau parau tumu waehere ā-rua.

Heoi, e tika ana ki te meka e tenei ra ka taea e tatou te tatau i te rota o reo i roto i te ao, ki te tohu mōhiohio kuputuhi whakamahi pūnaha whakawaeheretanga motuhake ranei tepu waehere. Ki te haerenga mai o MS-DOS i whakaaro te paerewa taketake whakawaehere CP866, a ka whakamahi i rorohiko Apple Mac tona kara ake. I a whakaurua he whakawaehere motuhake ISO 8859-5 ki te reo Russian. Heoi, ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau e tika ana rorohiko ki te whakauru paerewa hou.

momo o whakawaeheretanga

Hei tauira, i roto i te mutunga o 90-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga i reira ko tetahi ao whakawaehere o Unicode, e taea hapai i raraunga kuputuhi e kore anake, engari ano hoki oro me te ataata. Ko tōna taa ko e tohaina he pūāhua kotahi i neke atu i te kotahi moka, engari e rua.

A iti i muri mai, i reira e te tahi atu momo. Hoki ngā pūnaha-e hāngai ana Windows, te whakamahia tino ko te CP1251 whakawaehere, engari mo te reo Russian me te whakamahia tonu i te koi-8P - whakawaehere, i puta i roto i te mutunga o 70 o, a i kaha 80 o whakamahia noa i roto i ngā pūnaha UNIX-e hāngai ana.

Ko te tino taua mōhiohio i roto i te tuhi kanohi o te rorohiko e hāngai ana i runga i te tepu ASCII, tae atu i te turanga, me te wahi whānui. Ko te tuatahi ngā waehere i 0 ki 127, te tuarua - i 128 ki te 255. Heoi, i te waehere ngā tuatahi 0-32 mawehe atu ki tua atu i te tohu e kua whakaritea ki te mau taviri o te papapātuhi paerewa, me te mau taviri mahi (F1-F12).

Whakairoiro: te momo matua o

Ko te whakairoiro, Kei te whānui i whakamahia i roto i te ao mamati o tenei ra, i reira e etahi onäianei. Ki te titiro koe ki te kanohi whakairoiro o te mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko, me te tuatahi utu koe i whakarongo ki te momo matua o whakapakoko. I roto ia ratou e rua ngā momo matua - pere me Raster.

whakairoiro Vector i runga i te whakamahi o ngā āhua i tahito ra (rārangi, porowhita, hononga, taparau, me pera i runga i. D.), pouaka kuputuhi me whakakiia ana te tae motuhake. hāngai Maheremoka e i runga i te whakamahi o te kopu tapawhā, ka karanga ia huānga o nei te pika. I tua atu, mo ia huānga, ka taea e koe whakaturia i te wherikotanga me te tae.

image pere

I teie mahana, te whakamahi o te pere kua he iti wāhi. He pai ratou, mo te tauira, ka hanga drawings hangarau me ngā hoahoa, mō te rua-ahu tauira e toru-ahu o ngā ranei ranei.

Tauira āhua pere pahoho he hōputu pērā i PDF, wmf, PCL. Hoki neke āhua nuinga whakamahia paerewa Macromedia Flash. Otiia, ki te korero tatou e pā ana ki te kounga e mau ana i roto i ngā mahi uaua ake atu i te tauine taua ranei, he pai ki te whakamahi i ngā hōputu Raster.

Maheremoka

Ki te ngā Raster ko reira nui atu uaua. Ko te take i te whakaaturanga o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te kopu e hāngai ana-rorohiko Ko tā te whakamahi o ngā tawhā atu - hohonu tae (faaiteraa ine o ngā tae papatae) i roto i paraire, me te rahi kopu (maha o pika ia īnihi, tuku ki rite DPI).

E te, ka taea e te papatae ngā o 16, 256, 65,536 16,777,216 ranei tae, a ka taea e te kopu rerekē, engari huaina te noa tino ko te taumira o 800x600 pika (480 000 pika). E ai ki enei tohu ki te whakatau i te maha o nga paraire hiahiatia ki te rokiroki i te ahanoa. Hoki tenei matou te whakamahi i te tuatahi te tātai N = 2 ^ahau, i roto i nei N - ko te maha o ngā tae, me ahau - ko te hohonu tae.

Na ka tatau te nui o ngā mōhiohio. Hei tauira, ki te tātai i te rahi o te whakapakoko kōnae kei roto 65,536 tae me te kopu o te 1024x768 pika. Ko te otinga, ko te rite whai:

• Ahau = takiuru ₂ 65536, e ko te 16 paraire;
• te maha o te pika 1024 _* 768 = 786 432;
• kaha mahara ko te 16 paraire _* 786 432 = 12 582 912 bytes, e hāngai ana ki 1.2 Mb.

Variety o oro: te aronga matua o te kōtuitanga

Whakaaturanga o te mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko, ka karanga oro, raro ki nga mea timatanga taua e kua whakaahuatia ana i runga. Ko, rite hoki ahanoa tetahi atu ahua o te mōhiohio ki te tohu i te tangi, rawa, whakamahia ratou āhuatanga atu.

Kia aroha mai,-kounga tiketike reproduction tangi a puta i roto i te hangarau rorohiko i roto i te rawa whakamutunga. Heoi, ki te mea kua hoki te purei anō atu painga, ko ngā taea te kōtuitui o puoro tūturu-tangi. Na reira, kua whakaurua etahi kamupene record ratou ake paerewa. I teie mahana, te tino whakamahia whānuitia, te ariā FM me tikanga tepu-poipoi.

I roto i te take tuatahi tikanga reira e tetahi tangi maori, i te mea tonu, e taea te decomposed ki te tetahi raupapa (raupapa o) te hawarite māmā te whakamahi i te tikanga tīpako me te whakaputa i te whakaaturanga o te kōrero i roto i te mahara rorohiko i runga i te waehere. Ki te tākaro whakamahi te tukanga whakamuri, engari i roto i tenei take, te mate mooni o etahi o nga wae e puta i runga i te kounga.

A, no te riro ariā tepu-poipoi te e reira ko te tepu i mua i-hanga ki tauira o te reo o mea ora. E huaina taua tauira tauira. I te wa ano ki te tākaro i te kapa MIDI (Atanga Digital Instrument Musical) maha nui whakamahia te ki kite i te momo waehere o mea, te ware, roanga, kaha tangi me akiaki o huringa, ngā tautuhinga taiao, me te tahi atu āhuatanga. Ngā mihi ki tenei ahua o te tangi tata nui tata ki tūturu.

hōputu hou

Notemea mua te pūtake mō te WAV paerewa kua riro (i roto i te meka, te tangi rawa me kei roto i te puka o te ngaru), i runga i te wā ka reira rawa whakararuraru, ki te anake te mea o te meka e rawa nui te wāhi i runga i te pāpāho rokiroki noho taua kōnae.

Neke atu i te wa, kia hangarau kōpeke tenei hōputu. Fakatatau ki ai, ke me whakahōputu ratou. Ka taea te huaina e te pai-mohiotia i tenei ra MP3, OGG, WMA, FLAC me te tini ke atu.

Heoi, mohoa noa nei nga tawhā matua o tetahi kōnae tangi tonu tīpako auau (he paerewa 44.1 kHz, ahakoa e taea te kitea nga uara i runga, me te raro), me te maha o ngā taumata tohu (16 paraire, 32 paraire). I roto i te parau tumu, e taea te whakaatu ai te whakamamati pērā i te kanohi o te kōrero i roto i te momo rorohiko oro i runga i te tohu tuatahi tairitenga (i roto i te āhua o tetahi tangi ko tuatahi tairitenga).

ataata Whakaaturanga

Ki te i hohoro nui nga raruraru tangi faatiti'aifarohia, kihai i pera maheni te ataata katoa. Ko te raruraru ko e te topenga, he kiriata he kēmu ataata ranei ko te huinga o te ataata, me te oro. e mea he e te mea i taea e kia ohie atu i ki ngā neke ahanoa image ki te tauine? Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, ko te raruraru tūturu tenei.

Katoa e faufaa ko e i te wāhi hangarau o te tirohanga, te tuatahi ki te mahara te anga tuatahi o ia scene, ka karanga te matua, a ka anake ki te tiaki i te rerekētanga (tito rerekētanga). A he aha te mea nui ake mamae, āmati ranei whiwhi ataata hanga he rahi taua e rokiroki ratou i runga i tō rorohiko ranei i taea noa pāpāho tango.

faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru i ka puta hōputu AVI e tohu he tetahi ipu ao, arā, o te huinga o poraka e kia penapena ai i roto i te mōhiohio te noho, ko te kupu ara kōpeke i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Ko te kupu, ara te kōnae o te taua hōputu AVI ki tahi i te tahi e nehenehe e rerekē tino.

Na i tenei ra ka taea e koe te whakatau i te rota o ētahi atu hōputu ataata rongonui, engari mo te katoa o ratou whakamahia ratou ake tawhā me uara tawhā, tino i roto i nei ko te maha o papa ia te rua.

Kotēkē me decoders

Whakaaturanga o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te rorohiko kia rite ki te mahere, ko te taea ki te whakaaro i waho te whakamahi o kotēkē me decoders whakamahia i roto i te kōpeketanga me decompression o te ihirangi tuatahi i roto i purei anō. kōrero ratou ingoa rawa e etahi whakawaehere (kōpeke) te tohu, te tuarua - tätaria te - i runga i te anga ke.

Ko ratou te hunga e kawenga mo nga tirotiro o nga ipu o tetahi rahi, me te whakatau i te rahi o te kōnae whakamutunga. I tua atu, i te wāhi nui takaro e te tawhā taumira, rite tohua hoki whakairoiro Raster. Ko tenei ra e taea ara tatou whakatau UltraHD (4k).

mutunga

Ki te huihuia ake etahi whānuitanga te runga ake, kia tuhia te reira anake e te tīmatanga mahi anake te pūnaha rorohiko hou i runga i te tirohanga o te waehere ā-rua (atu ratou tika e kore e matau). A hāngai ona whakamahi te kore whakarato mōhiohio anake, engari ano hoki mohiotia katoa reo hōtaka i tenei ra. Ko te kupu, te tīmatanga, ki te mārama me pēhea te reira mahi katoa, he mea e tika ana ki te apo i te ngako o te whakamahi o raupapa o te hunga me ngā kore.