Te Vienna Convention 1961 i runga i whanaunga takawaenga: hiranga me te tūranga

hainatia waru o ra o Aperira i te Convention Vienna i roto i 1961 i runga i Relations takawaenga. I whakaritea te reira e te whakatūnga, me te whakamutunga o, te whakatūnga o tari māngai me o ratou mahi katoa, whakatūnga o ngā akomanga takawaenga - Akona d'Affaires, Minita ko Ambassador, whakahau whakamanatanga o nga upoko o nga misioni takawaenga me ratou tokotoko kaimahi.

immunities

tautuhi Kawenata te wātea i te mate me te mau haamaitairaa o te kanohi takawaenga i roto i te whānui, me rawa whaiaro immunities me kaimahi hangarau me monū takawaenga. whakaaro ana te nui tino ko te tapatahi o te ruma. Ko te Vienna Kawenata o 1961 i runga i whanaunga takawaenga opani te mana o te State fariiraa i ki te tomo i waho te whakaae o te matenga o te misioni. I te anga ke, kia tiaki i te mana i te misioni ki tetahi takahi ranei ara kino iti, mo te pakaru o te māngai ata noho. haamaitairaa takawaenga i me immunities i te marama o nga tikanga o te Kawenata Vienna i Relations takawaenga o 1961 tangohia i runga i te State unga, a tae noa maha ngaahi fatongia tātau.

Ko te whare o te misioni e kore e taea te kawe i roto i te rapu, tono, tāpiritanga ranei te rite. Inviolable a kia tari pou, me ētahi atu whanaunga ki o ratou ahua. pārekareka ki hoki ngā kaimahi me o ratou hapu i tenei tika: ratou huru taata, me te inviolability o te kāinga ki te mana o te whenua o te noho. Ko watea i tāke i runga i moni ratonga Room. He te Vienna Convention o 1961 i runga i Relations takawaenga rua tikanga kōwhiringa: te ture raraunga o te whenua ope kore e tono, te mana o te Kooti o te Ture International hiahiatia te.

ture takawaenga

Ko wāhanga o te ture te ao ki te huinga o te ture e whakapūtā te tūnga rohe wā me ngā mahi o te tinana kāwanatanga o whanaunga waho tenei. ngā hanganga ture i konei tonu ki te puka takawaenga taketake: hautoa më roto i te misioni motuhake, kawea hautoa multilateral i roto i te tira o nga wā whēkau o ngā rōpū ao tari māngai o whenua ranei tonu i whakahaere te ao.

Ko te taputapu kirimana matua - te Convention Vienna i roto i 1961 i runga i Relations takawaenga. I roto i te 1969, ka tangohia te Kawenata Hague ano i runga i misioni motuhake, me i roto i te tau 1975 i roto i Vienna, - te Convention i te āhua ao o te misioni whanaungatanga me ngā rōpū o te ao. e kore ko te Vienna Kawenata tuatahi i runga i Relations takawaenga tenei. Vienna rua whakahaerehia nga māngai o te whenua. whai wāhi te Russian Federation i roto i nga tikanga Vienna rua.

Politics o Relations Waho

Kua wehea nga tinana o whanaunga waho ki ke, me te kāinga. ngā te whakamutunga te tinana kāwanatanga teitei e whakatau te kaupapa here ke o te kāwanatanga, he ngā he kapu ranei upoko o kāwanatanga ki te tohu i te whenua i roto i te ao te ao, te kāwanatanga, te ārahi kaupapa here ke, me te mana o te kāwanatanga - te Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs.

Ka taea e tinana Foreign o whanaunga waho kia poto pūmau ranei. Ko te whakamutunga - ko te karere ranei misioni, māngai i roto i ngā rōpū o te ao, consulates tenei. Rangitahi - he karere, motuhake misioni ranei i roto i te tinana ao hui ranei.

Taumahi me te hanganga

Whakapumautia whanaunga takawaenga i waenganui i nga āhua whakawhiti misioni i te whakaritenga motuhake ki te faatura ki te matenga o te māngai piha haapiiraa. Here, i reira e toru ngā taumata: Akona d'Affaires, karere, Ambassador. Me kitea Just rōia i te tiaki d'Affaires, e i roto i te ngaro o te karere tona mahi e. 1961 tāutuhia Vienna Convention e toru ngā akomanga: te karere me karere Kaituku e Heads o State, me te tiaki d'Affaires - Minita o Foreign Affairs.

Rarangi i roto i te hanganga o te kanohi takawaenga kua oti te whakarite i roto i te runga i te ture kāinga o te whenua ohu. hoki E toru ngā kāwai te tokotoko: i roto i te tua ki te takawaenga he whakahaere, me te hangarau (coders, Accountants, kaiwhakamäori, kaimahi o Office me pera i runga i) me te kaimahi tautoko (keke, haumarutanga, kaitaraiwa, kari, me ētahi atu). ka inviolable kaimahi takawaenga, me te kore he kaupapa ki te tirohanga ritenga. tuarua, me te tuatoru nga kāwai o ngā kaimahi ki te kawe katoa o nga mea he taea hoki te whariki, engari i te ritenga e kore ratou e tukua noatia. Te Vienna Kawenata (1961), me tona uara rawa hohoro a pai arotakea e nga ngä Röpü States i.

ngā mahi whakatū. agrément

Kua whakapumautia whanaunga takawaenga me mau tari anake i whakaaetanga o te whenua. Ko, i te ara e kore te mea tonu, te tuatahi e faatupu te tuarua. Ka taea te whakapumautia whanaunga takawaenga, me kahore te faanahoraa o te māngai, Vienna Convention i runga i Relations takawaenga (1961) āta whakarato e. Taumu'a me te whakaaetanga o te māngai takawaenga - tenei whakamanatanga. E wha ngā wāhanga:

1. Agrement. Whakaae o te State te fariiraa mo te whakarite o te tangata ngā i roto i tetahi ara ranei tetahi, ki te tika o te kore o te whenua ope ko. He muna tono Agrement me he kahore tika i roto i te tuhituhi. Ki te taenga o te whakaaetanga (agrément) ka hei aunoa i te upoko o te kanohi persona grata (persona grata i Latin - te tangata e hiahiatia ana).
2. Ko te whakarite mōhiohio o te matenga o te misioni.
3. Te taenga i roto i te State o ūnga.
4. Whakaaturanga hainatia e te matenga o te kāwanatanga o taipitopito tuakiri - te mana i roto i te whānui.

Aru i te mahi tika o ratou mahi.

mutunga o te mahi

poroa Mission te māngai takawaenga mo te take pai (tūranga, mate, he mea whakarite hou), ka mangai reira ki tona āhua ake. I roto i te tahi atu take, ina tae mai te kaupapa i te whenua ope, ko te aronga o te tangata takawaenga houhou (persona kore grata) dismisla take ranei - tae noa kua ia te mate takawaenga i korerotia e ia i te takitahi. I te tahi taime te reira kore o te takawaenga ki te mahi i te mahi.

O te Vienna Convention i Relations takawaenga e tata take katoa o te rahurahu ki te faatura ki whenua te whakatū misioni takawaenga, ngā reira. Whakamutunga o te mahi o nga tari katoa e tika ana ki te whaturama o whanaunga katoa i waenganui i te whenua e rua (tata te whakapuakanga o te whawhai), ranei, ki te tetahi o mutu te nga whenua e rua 'ki te tīariari. mutu hoki he mahi ngā mahi i te huringa unconstitutional o kāwanatanga ranei i te take o te revolution pāpori.

misioni motuhake

kia whai misioni takawaenga rerekē ngā taumata rite ki ritenga ao, anö, i roto i tenei rohe. Tenei misioni, e kua tonoa e te kāwanatanga ki te whakaoti etahi take, me te mahi i ngā mahi. I te tahi taime e tonoa misioni ki te maha nga whenua, ki te ko te pātai o te moni whānui. Ko te upoko o te whenua, ki te arata'i ia tenei misioni, me te Minita Foreign, me tetahi atu māngai taumata-tiketike tika oaoa i roto i tetahi mate kāwanatanga me haamaitairaa.

e kore e mārama whakatakotoria nga rohe o nga monū me immunities waho, engari i nga upoko o te kāwanatanga me ētahi atu tangata o te ana'iraa tiketike āta taea aparau i te pātai katoa e pā ana ki tenei whakaritenga, me te whakaae ki ia atu. Heoi, i reira i i takahi kahore tauira ki te mate takawaenga i te mana o tetahi mahere - taihara, whakahaere ture ranei. Whakawa i nga kitenga wā roa-, homai nga haamaitairaa ritenga ano ki diplomats i ki tonu i. Ki te kore mahi i te tangata o te ana'iraa rawa o misioni takawaenga, ka he rite ki te mana o te kāwai hāngai o kaimahi o te misioni takawaenga tonu ratou mana.

immunities here

e kore e makona whakatikaia ētahi whāititanga o monū me immunities rite whakapumautia e te Kawenata Vienna. kihai i te Soviet Union haina te tairururaa no o tautohenga ki te tauākī i roto i te tuhinga 25, e whakarato ana hoki te inviolability o nga whare o te misioni motuhake. Ko te Kawenata taea te ahua i roto i ēnei wāhanga e mana ā-rohe, ki te reira ko te ahi atu kino ranei, i waho te whakaae o te matenga o te misioni. e kore ai te ahi e te take o disorders o te mate.

hāmene

Tuhinga 31 o te Kawenata Vienna, e whakatakoto mate i te mana o te dippersonala whenua ope, Heoi, kua whakapumautia reira i te mau melo katoa o te misioni e Hamene ai te dippersonam tohua, pakaru kerēme i roto i te take o aituā meinga e waka, kua oti nei te whakamahia tua atu ratou mahi mōhiohio.

Rironga ki te Kawenata

Ko te Vienna Kawenata o 1961 i runga i Relations takawaenga whakarato mo te whakatuwheratanga mo te waitohu e kore he kāwai katoa o whenua. Me kia Whenua te mau melo o te Nations United ranei ētahi atu pokapū motuhake, ki te whai wāhi i roto i te Ture o te Kooti o te Ture International ranei ki te kia karangatia e te Runanga Nui UN. whakaritea ana tēnei tika kei roto i Tefito 48 (tuhinga 1961) me 76 (1963 tuhinga).

Hei tauira, mō tenei take e kore e mohio South Ossetia rite te rōpū ki te Kawenata Vienna. whaki pāremata Ossetian tonga e kore e ratou whenua taka ki roto ki tetahi o nga kāwai me e he mārama whakahāwea etahi oko o te Kawenata. Ko kua meinga South Ossetia te rōpū ki te Vienna Convention i runga i Relations takawaenga (1961), engari inaianei he reira enei tuhinga e tareka e.