Te Amber Room i roto i te Catherine Palace (Pushkin)

Rerekē ngā me te ataahua ko te Amber Room i roto i te Catherine Palace. Te reira i ara deservedly huaina te semeio o te marama. Ko te putanga o tenei wāhi ahurei titaria e pūrākau me ngā pakiwaitara. Ko te ngaro o tenei faahiahia i roto i te wa o te whawhai whakaoho tonu te whakaaro. Aua'e, i whakahaere te Amber Room ki ora. I roto i tēnei tuhinga whakaahua tatou i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki tona hītori rite pai rite e pā ana ki te wahi i te Catherine Palace, te Amber Room e kei. utu tīkiti me haora tuwhera o te whare taonga e taea hoki e koe te ako i tenei tuhinga.

wā Prussia

kingi Prussia kaipōti o Brandenburg (Prussia i whakaaro rite te pokapū rongonui o te amipere mahi i roto i Europe) i 1618 rite mau horo'araa ki ētahi atu rangatira i riro te iho ki te hoatu ko te "koura" o te Moana Baltic te amipere rite i huaina ai. He aha hanga Kei te tipu haere tenei tukatuka kohatu toi tere, me tetahi o ona tihi, ka riro te Amber Room. I hanga te reira i roto i te tino pokea ana o te toi Prussia me Tiamana rite te katoa, ara, i te tahuri o te XVII, me te XVIII senituli.

Kaipōti Frederick III (nga tau o te rangatiratanga -. 1657-1713 yy) i roto i te 1701 ka mau ake te hangaia anō o ratou whakapaipai, a i roto i ngā te whare mo te kingitanga - te matatini katoa o whare e pā ana ki te rau tau XVI-XVII. architect Kooti o Kingi I. F. Eozander hanga kainga tapa o te whare i hanga ki runga ki te tauira o Versailles. I tčnei wā, kua mohiotia ai e hanga te kaihoahoa kaupapa Amber Room. ka Littsenburg ko Oranienburg, e rua o te whare o te Kingi o Prussia, e pā nei te ki te whakarau o te Amber Room mai 1707 he wahi mahi Eozandera. Tuatahi, ka hangaia te Amber Room mo te whakapaipai o te whare Littsenburg. I roto i te ora o te utuafare kingi kihai i kite i te ruma oti. Ko te mahi i roto i te 1709 tonu i roto i te tārere ki tonu. E te wa ka mate ia Sophia Charlotte (i roto i te 1705). Frederick faaoti ahau ki te mutu i te kaupapa, me te whakapaipai i ki awhi o taiwhanga amipere i te whare o tona hoa - Oranienburg. Te nuinga pea, ua faaoti te kingi ki te aukati i te hanga, ki te pupuri i te whare Littsenburg, te noho o tana wahine, pera i kua e ia, no te ora ia. Ko te taiepa o te marae, i mahara ki te whakaturia te awhi amipere, te whakapaipai ki te miro koura me te urunga. A ka taea e tenei ra i roto i Littsenburg whare faahiahia te kaukau damastovoy Whero. I roto i te mahara o Kuini Sophia Charlotte, huaina tenei whare ko Charlottenburg.

Katahi ka whakaakona te kingi Eozanderu whakanui i Palace i Oranienburg, tāpiri ki te Amber Taiwhanga 30 mita, hira o tona rahi hukihuki taketake. Heoi, ahakoa te mahi kaha, tenei taiwhanga i kore oti i roto i te ora o Frederick ahau, e mate i roto i 1713.

Gift ki a Pita ahau

Na ka hari ki te mahi Eozandera Russian Emperor, a hanga kahore ngaro o tona hiahia ki te whai i te mahi taua o toi i roto i to ratou ake whenua. Frederick William ahau, mona te kainga o te kingi (tau o te ora - 1688-1740, te Poari - mai 1713), whakaurua i roto i te whenua ako tino nei whāinga ko te whakamahi i ngā, a faaoti ki te mutu taua mahi utu i roto i te whare kingi o tona papa. Ko te ahuareka tūmatanui o manuhiri maha ue'i ia ki Maunga nga awhi amipere i roto i te tari, no ki te ruma kāwanatanga Berlin o te whare rangatira kingi. Ko reira anake te meka noho pdtverzhdenny i roto i Berlin tenei faahiahia ki kia tonoa ki te whakapaipai Russian, St Petersburg.

Pita ahau i roto i te ora o Frederick fakafo'ituitui tirotirohia ahau te rōpū ki te Taiwhanga Amber, i roto i tona haerenga ki a Berlin. I roto i te Whiringa 1716, i roto i te hui ki tana tama, puritia hoki te whakaaro ki o te haumi i waenganui Russia ko Prussia, hoatu Friedrich Wilhelm ahau te kingi mau horo'araa utu, i roto i nei i whakarārangitia me te Amber Room. i kawea 13 Kohitātea 1717 te Amber Room ki St Petersburg i 18 pouaka, e, i roto i te tua ki te awhi oti i te tokomaha nui o nga whatiwhatinga i kore e whakamahia i mua.

Taunakitanga e pā ana ki te wahi i whakaritea e ahau Tsar Pita ki te tāuta i enei awhi, kua ora, na te whakaaro e tona whakamahi whakaarohia i roto i te roto o te Winter Palace he kiko.

Amber Room i roto i te kingitanga o Elizabeth

I roto i te 1743, ka korerotia e te tamahine a te Hiha Elizaveta Petrovna i muri rironga ki te torona, ki te hoatu i te mea homai noa ki te noho hanga hou - Third Winter Palace. Hei kawe i te mahi o te kaihoahoa Italian A. Martelli i karangatia. I raro i te aronga o tetahi kaihoahoa nui - F. B. Rastrelli - kē i roto i 1746 puta ahua Amber Room i roto i te Winter Palace. Heoi, etahi āhuatanga o te tuawhenua hou i ngaro, na faaoti Rastrelli ki te whakatū i te pou hangarite, me te kōkuhu awhi atu, pania "mo te amipere". I roto i te 1745, Kingi o Prussia, hoatu Frederick II Russian Empress tetahi mahi o te kaupapa A. Laisi anga amipere, i roto i te whakapaipai i whakamahia tohu me whakarite whakakororia i te nui o Elizabeth. I te 1746 ka whakamahia te Amber Room mō pōhiri e pā ana, ahakoa reira rave rahi taime i roto i te anō toutou o te Winter Palace i whakawhitia i wahi ki te tuu.

Te Amber Room i roto i te Catherine Palace

12 tau i muri mai, i roto i Pipiri 1755, he kua i Tsarskoye selo i ture o Empress tīmata ki te kia hanga i raro i te ārahitanga o Rastrelli Amber Room (te wahi i te Catherine Palace, mohio tenei ra katoa). Heoi he wā hou o tenei faahiahia o te kororia i roto i Russia, i roa e pā ana ki e rua rau nga tau.

kua ruma Dvortsovy whakaaetia hoki reira, kua he wāhi o 96 mita pūrua, i te mea nui nui atu te rahi o te ruma o mua. Na reira, i whakanohoia nga awhi i roto i te taumata tohanga waenganui i runga taiepa e toru me e wehea e te pou ki whakaata me whakairo tataitia. Hea mea i kore te amipere, hipoki nga taiepa o te whare i ki te koaka, a whakapaipai ki peita "e Amber" e te artist I. I. Velskim. tīrama tāia ki Rastrelli ki tona mahi, te whakarei ake i te rama parahi ataahua roto, peita tuanui, whakairo tataitia, whakaata me te parquet kuaha i te rakau utu nui rerekē.

pokapū o te tuanui whakapaipai ki te peita rahi nui e te artist unknown i rautau Venice XVIII, e tohu te whakaaro nui, kia mau te Tupú i te mau faahemaraa o te aroha.

Toharite atamira pokapū i 8 awhi poutū, o nei e wha kua whakanohoia mosaic o kohatu tae, hanga i roto i Florence i te 1750s, lelei tohu ana i te rongo taketake e rima: rongo, titiro, pa, reka me te kakara.

Amber Room o te Catherine Palace i te hoahoa whakapaipai. whakairia ana hoki porcelain Hainamana me nga pouaka mahi Russian. I puritia te Amber Room me tetahi o nga kohikohinga nui o whakapaipai amipere i Europe, a te mutunga ka waiho he whare taonga o tūemi amipere, i reira i ratou whaikīngi, veimau me afata.

tūemi Whaiaro o te whānau kingi

Mai i te waenganui o te rau tau XVIII i Tsarskoye selo, te wahi i taua wa i reira nga ariki upscale tukatuka amipere timata ki te tae i Kamertsalmeysterskoy pātaka ki te hanga i te momo o ngā tūemi i no ki te mau melo o te utuafare kingi. Ko te tuhinga tohua e i roto i 1765 kawea ki konei ki te hanga neke atu i te 70 hua i tenei kohatu, i roto i nei i te kaupapa o te fifi (te ripeka me ripeka), taonga (postavtsa, cabinets me ruma i), me ngā tūemi whare. He rōpū motuhake o nga mea o te wā Erihapeti hanga whakapaipai tepu, i hanga i roto i te puka o piko rau ki rau acanthus me volute Baroque. Kua whakapaipai katoa o ratou ki whakairo. pea whakapaipai ēnei hua tepu mea hakari Empress Elizabeth i roto i te fariiraa.

Amber Room i roto i te kingitanga o Catherine II

I roto i te 1763, i whakaputaina i Empress Catherine II he tikanga kia rite ki ai ko nga papa reo katoa peita "e Amber" ki te whakakapia ki te mosaic o te amipere. I runga i te mahi nui ka mau te reira 4 tau, me te 450 manokaramu o kohatu. I roto i te 1770, i oti te mahi.

Na roto i te ture o Catherine II, ki te utu i nui atu te aro ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi taonga i roto i Russia, te Amber Room i kō atu e maha masterpieces o te mahi.

E ai ki te rārangi haaputuhia e D. Grigorovich, i roto i te whare i reira ko te mutunga o te rau tau XIX te nui nui o te taonga, te nuinga kaimahi me tepu. Fele ko reira o take French. Hea e kore kua ahumahi i homai he wahi, tino pea ko reira he hua Russian. Ko tētahi o nga whakaaturanga, uma o utuutu, he tino ngā. Ko te tino ngā tona whakarau rerekē, me te tauhoa ia pouaka. I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i mahue ratou i roto i te whare, ka tangohia ki whakaeke Germany, me te hawhe rau i muri hoki tetahi o ratou ki to ratou wāhi taketake. I roto i te whakaahua i mua-te pakanga o te Amber Room he pouaka e rua i tuhia, i whakaurua hoki ratou i roto i te rārangi o te whare taonga i roto i te 1938-1940. Kei te tohua wahi hoki o taonga, e hāngai ana ki te tau i te tuhinga kaute o te whare. I roto i te 1990, ka kitea te pouaka i roto i Berlin, i roto i te kohinga tūmataiti, ka hokona i tona rangatira i runga i te kaupapa o te moheni "Spiegel", a muri mai, i roto i 2000, ka whai te faahiahia o te Amber Room o te Catherine Palace (Pushkin). he whakairo i roto ano aaka o utuutu, i roto i te tua ki tona iku'anga ngā, hei tauira o tetahi o nga wheako tuatahi o te taonga hanga i roto i Russia i runga i ngā tauira o ngā hua French e pā ana ki te 1760 th tau.

Mai te rerekē nui i roto i te pāmahana, tauira me te stoveheating whakangaromia te amipere, e toru anake nga wa i roto i te rau tau XIX kawea i roto i te faaho'iraa mai o te Amber Room.

Ko te pikitia o te Amber Room

I roto i te 1907, whakaputaina nga teina Lumière te plastinki- tuatahi "autochromes" na roto i te whakawhanake i te tauira mosaic toru-te tae. Enei ko etahi o nga whakapakoko tae tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te whakaahua. I te 1917 i hoatu Lukomsky, upoko o te kōmihana toi-o mua, e mahi i roto i te whare kingi, whakaaetanga ki te kawe i shooting i te whare kingi o Tsarskoye selo. Tae atu whakaritea ki te tango me te i roto i Pushkin Catherine Palace, i hoki ki te kia whakaahuatia te Amber Room. Ko te tika tenei ki te waihanga putumōhio o ngā whakaaturanga whare taonga. whakahaere Shooting ko AA Zeestom. tangohia nga whakaahua Catherine Palace i roto i Pipiri me i te Alexander - i August 14, 1917, i muri tonu i tonoa ki Roho te whakamutunga Russian Hiha Nicholas II me tona utuafare. PK Lukomsky 11 Oketopa 1917 riro 140 matā, tetahi o i horo me te Amber Room i roto i te Catherine Palace. Whakatika tae noa ki 1941, ko ia anake te tae tona whakapakoko.

I roto i te tau kawea 1933-1935 nga mahi iti o te whakahokinga mai toi I. Krestovsky.

mate o te roto

I roto i te raumati o 1941, whakaritea ana e ia he faahiahia rahi o te whakahokinga mai, engari haukotia te Pakanga nui Patriotic tona whakatinanatanga. Amber Room e kia whakatahia, i hipokina e mosaic ki te kahu angiangi o te motuhake pepa kiko. Ko te tango te whakamatautauranga o te röpü whakakitea e crumbles amipere. Ko reira tino nui ki te pupuri i runga i pahua i te Catherine Palace. Te Amber Room, nei utu kua pono nui, tino i ki kia huna i nga whakaeke. Na reira, i whakaritea e te reira ki te pehi nga tona tiaki tonu. Panels mauherea kakahu whāriki, whakatakotoria nga rakau o batting, a hipokina ratou ki te papa rākau.

A, no te whakaekea te Amber Room (Catherine Palace, Pushkin) i te taha o hoia Tiamana, i roto nei i mataotao rōpū i roto i te kaweake o taonga toi, i nekehia atu te rōpū, me te tono tangata ki a Konigsberg.

I reira ko te reira noa te puna o 1945. E ai ki te niupepa German "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", te fakaangá Alfred eke, Whiringa 13, 1941 whakaritea he whakaaturanga o kohatu utu nui, me etahi āhuatanga o te whakapaipai o te Amber Room (maru i roto i te wahi haumaru) i roto i te Art Museum Prussia. I roto i te 1944, ka whati hoki te Tiamana rōpū wāwāhitanga, Kikī ki ngā pouaka, ka tonoa ki te ūnga unknown. Mai reira, tonu ngaro te Amber Room.

faahiahia anō

I roto i te 1979, ka whakaritea e te reira i te Kaunihera o Minita o te RSFSR ki te whakatū anō i te awhi amipere.

I roto i 1983, i te whakaahua, me kino o te Amber Room i roto i te Catherine whare timata o te anō o te kaupapa o te kaihoahoa A. A. Kedrinskogo. I roto i te 1994 whakapumautia e ia te rōpū tuatahi i roto i te taumata tohanga o raro, me te ake mahi i runga i te mosaic "tirohanga" i oti e rua tau i muri mai. I roto i te Aperira 2000, kitea te whare taonga, hoki i roto i Germany kaimahi Russian me mosaic mahi "pa, me te kakara" e nga wahi o te whakapaipai o te ruma.

I roto i te Pipiri 2003, i roto i te honore o te tercentenary St. Petersburg i Pushkin (Catherine Palace) i whakatuwheratia te Amber Room ki te iwi whānui. I tae te hui e kau taki Russian, me te Tiamana. Ko te mahi, i roa 24 tau tau, kua oti. He wā hou i roto i te aamu o teie mahi nui o te toi!

Te Amber Room (Catherine Palace): te wahi, te whakatuwhera haora

Kei Pushkin, i roto i nei kei te whare taonga e, te 25 kiromita i St Petersburg.

I tēnei wā, Katherine Palace (Amber Room) he tuwhera ia i te 10 ki te 17 haora, anake te ra atu - Rātū me nga Rāhina whakamutunga o te marama, ko te ra parukore.

I roto i te raumati, kawea mahi o ngā rōpū tūruhi me te mōhiohio röpü i roto i te 10 ki te 16 haora, me te i 16 ki te 17 - te tomokanga mo tīkiti mō ngā manuhiri takitahi. Ki te mea i reira e kore rōpū ritenga, e taea hoki te mahi manuhiri takitahi tango i te wahi i tetahi atu wa. E kore mua-hokona tīkiti, me kia hokona e ratou i te tari pouaka, kei roto i te tomokanga o te whare (Pushkin, Tsarskoye selo, Catherine Palace).

Te Amber Room, he haerenga i te mea noa o te tiaki, tuku pä hoki etahi kāwai o te taupori. Ko te kupu, ko te utu o tīkiti mō ngā pakeke, ko te 400 moni, a mo ngā ākonga o wānanga Russian, me te penihana o te Russian Federation me Peraruhia - 300 moni. E whakatakotoria ēnei utu titeti Catherine Palace. i ako te haerenga i roto i te mau aroa (Amber Room ngā) Kei te wehe.