Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: biography, auaha

I roto i te tuhinga Russian, ko te ingoa te tühonohono ki te marinistiki momo. Kua riro te reira i whakapae tata matarohia e te toi Russian e rua kaiwaiata kē o ngā huānga moana, rite i roto i te taranata: peita - Ivan Aivazovsky, i roto i te tuhinga - Stanyukovich. haere mai Konstantin i te ahua o kaipuke tuku. e te mea he, te aha atu i taea e tuhituhi ia, pai tīmata ia tona mahi rite te āpiha manuao, ka ua ia he hiahia mo te mahi tuhituhi? Na, tona kaupapa matua, i kitea ia e kore i kotahi.

tama a Admiral

I whanau ia i roto i 1843 i roto i te pa, tohu te kororia manuao o Russia - i roto i Sevastopol. Matua - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - mahi rite kawana hōia, me te rangatira mano o te tauranga hōia o Sevastopol. "Whakamataku, Admiral," rite huaina ia i muri tama-kaituhi, whakaaro te mahi mahi moana pai mo te tangata, he tikanga hōia tino - te ara tika te nuinga o te whakahaere ora, e tika ana mō ngā hapu. Uri o te whānau tawhito pai Polish-Lithuanian Stankovichey, e nohoia ana e ia he pai ai rino, me te huru kaha. take Marine ko te iho utuafare tahito: ara tana wahine Lubov ko te tamahine o te āpiha manuao.

kia haere tonu te whare - ko whakaaro Admiral Stanyukovich tenei. riro Konstantin, he tamarikitanga mua tamaiti ngahau, me te tere-witted, te faatura tenei i roto i te tumanako matua o tona papa. I hanga e ia ngā whakaritenga mō te hanganga tuatahi o te tama, e maka ana ia kia rite ki te kaitohutohu, me te kaiako e pai mātauranga, ka haere mai i Petersburg intelligentsia Ippolit Matveyevich Debu. I whakahekea e ia ki te mahi kia rite ki te hoia noa, i muri i te taviniraa hononga. Hono i te rerekē ki te mate i roto i nga Petrashevists take (1949) - te porohita ohaoha o te mua taitamariki arahina e Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky wahi i runga i te maka ko hoa Debu F. M. Dostoevsky. e kore Debu faauru tona ākonga-tau kotahi tekau o ona whakaaro tuwhena, engari tuu i roto ia ia i te reka mo te tuhituhinga pai.

Mētara mō te Defense o Sevastopol

I roto i te tau 1853 tīmata te Crimean War, kua meinga nei e te tohu o Russia putu raruraru pāpori e pā ana ki te tōrangapū kuare o autocracy, paremo tūmanako o ngā papa matatau o te iwi mo whakahounga, kua tūmanakohia ara i muri i te wikitoria i roto i te Pakanga o 1812. Na ka hua i roto i te kaupapa pāhoro o 1860, e kore e mawhiti i te mana, me te Stanyukovich tenei. ka aroha Konstantin ki whakaaro reformist, engari i roto i te wā reira 11 tau, a ka ata titiro ana tata ia Sevastopol hōia Anglo-French.

I roto i te korero o te pa ko Constantine ki tona papa, me te maha tavini rite te karere e whakaorangia kai hauora ki te teihana tauiraa, etc. Ko ratou kanohi e matakitaki ana i te itoito, me te ati o kaumoana Russian tuku pa, kite nga kau taki rongonui o te korero - .. Admirals Kornilov me Istomin. A, no te, i muri i te hōneatanga i te turanga whakapaea o te Black Moana tāruru i 1856, i haina ia i roto i te St Petersburg Corps o Whārangi, riro ia i reira i te mētara "I roto i te mahara o te Pakanga Eastern" me "hoki te korero o Sevastopol." E ai ki te tono o tona papa, e moemoeā o te mahi manuao, tana tama, i roto i te 1857 ka te tauira Stanyukovich Marine Corps.

Ko te mutunga o te mahi a te rangatira

Na roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1860 i huaketo kē ia ki te weriweri mō te hanga kupu. I te tau 1859 whakaputaina e ia "Te Tai Tokerau Flower" makasini ki tona whakaputanga tuatahi - ". He hoia mutu" te whiti He tau i muri mai, i waenganui o Konstantin me papa wawahi te pakanga, i tīmataria te makariri i roto i to ratou hononga, e ka mutu etahi wa he whati oti i muri i. Tama ta tona whakatau ki te whakawhiti ki te whare haukāinga, - University o St Petersburg, ki nei koi whakahe Admiral Stanyukovich. Ka takoha Konstantin kia ki te haere i runga i te haerenga huri noa i te ao i runga i te Corvette "Kalevala", i roto i nei waka e kiia ia i te onoonoraa o tona papa i roto i te ngahuru o 1860.

tūmanako hēramana tawhito i runga i te hau moana upoko kaha o tana tama whakawāteatia a mea rerekē, a ka haere tonu manuao whare Stanyukovich. Ko te whai wāhitanga o Constantine i te āmio-tau e toru - ki te tika i te ara riro mōhiotanga hou me ngā wheako hoki tona mahi tuhituhi. A kua timata reira kua: i roto i te putanga rongonui o "Collection Maritime" whakaputa tuhinga me tuhinga roa Stanyukovicha midshipman, a i roto i te wa e manawapa ia kaha tuhi ana mana'o o te mea ka kite ia, ka rongo.

Retirement

I roto i te tau 1864, te midshipman Stanyukovich, whawhati fakafepaki kaha o tona papa, ka tonoa atu i te Navy. Tīmata i te ora hou kihai i ohie. tīmata ia mahi tahi kaha ki ngā pukapuka - "reo", "Petersburg rau", "Alarm", me ētahi atu te "kohinga Moana" whakaputaina te kōrero o Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Otiia hohoro kia marena ki Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, na te whanau o tana tamahine tuatahi, me te aroaro o te kaituhi taitamariki i reira ko te raruraru e tika o te tautoko rauemi o te utuafare. Ki te mahi i tenei e rave rahi mau taime tomo ia te mahi i roto i te ngā tari.

I roto i te mahere auaha mō te Stanyukovicha search tonu mo te kāhua me te kaupapa matua. I karangatia e ana mana'o o te mahi manuao, whakaputaina rite te pukapuka i roto i te 1867 "Mai i āmio", i tutaki ki te moni, he reira atu me te ake whaona ki te hiahia ki te tuhituhi i runga i ngā kaupapa pāpori, me te tōrangapū. mana'o ia te pono o te whakaaro e faaite i te masterminds whiwhi ake me te ake kaha o te kaupapa pāhoro, rawa tona parirau tuwhena - populism. Kotahi te wā mahi noa ia kia rite ki te kaiako i roto i te kura a o te kainga i roto i te mataeinaa o Murom.

Ētita o te moheni "Delo"

Ina e ngohe te kaupapa moana ki te papamuri. Mai i 1872 tīmata Stanyukovich ki mātātoa te mahi i roto i te "Pakihi" makasini, a mai i 1877 kua i roto i whakaputaina nga guestroom ana tuhinga, me pūhohe. I roto ia ratou, "Letters o te manene rangatira" me "Images o te ora pāpori" e kawea rongo Stanyukovich fakaanga pakeke o te ora Russian i muri i te hanganga o 1861. Waihoki, i oti rawa kaupapa ki te pūrākau "Whirlpool" me "rua Brothers", whakaputaina i roto i te tīmatanga o te 80.

I roto i te 1880 ka Stanyukovich tahi-ētita o "Kēhi", me e toru nga tau i muri mai - i tona tino ētita. Ia kua kē he tetahi taimaha me te mana i roto i nga kaitautoko o whakahounga pāhoro, a whakaahuatia nga mana e pā ana me mana pirihimana rite "pakirehua tuakiri anti-kāwanatanga".

Te hopu me te whakarau

I roto i te tīmatanga o te 80 te kaituhi toutou haere ki waho e tika ana ki te mate te tamahine matamua. He tutaki ia ki te rōpū o ratere tōrangapū i Russia, tae atu i te parirau tino tuwhena, i ngā nga tangata - te whai wāhi tika, me ngā o te whakaeke kaiwhakatuma ki rangatira tsarist rongonui - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

kihai i taea i haere te reira i ite i te pirihimana, rawa i muri i te nganatanga kōhurutanga Maehe 1, 1881 Alexander II o, a i roto i April 1884 i hopukina Stanyukovich ka whakanohoia i roto i nga casemates o te pa. ¶ A i te hoki mai o te kaituhi i ki waho, tino ohorere, a kahore te hapu mo etahi wa i mohio o ana hea. E haamata te reira i te uiui roa, i mutu i te anake tau i muri mai.

whanau tuarua

I roto i te 1885, ka tono tangata te kaituhituhi ki Siberia mō te toru tau i raro i tirotiro pirihimana me te noho i roto i Tomsk. Here a reira ko te whanau tino o te nui kaituhi-seascape. mahi ia pakeke, hanga me mahi ki whakamārama o te ora Siberian, engari te kaupapa matua o ona pukapuka me ngā kōrero poto riro te ora o kaumoana.

He ana masterpieces rongonui i te kohinga o "Ngaahi Talanoa Moana" :. "! Tangata te moana," "I te kohatu", "Rere", me ētahi atu Readers me fakaangá ahu whakamua mōhio e tuhi Stanyukovicha wairua whaiāipo ātahu kore anake moana, tika me te pono i roto i te nuinga o wahi iti, engari humanistic ano, hiahia mo te whakawa, whakarongo ki te tangata noa.

"E kore noa i ite ia i noho ia i te ora moana"

I muri hoki mai i te whakarau i roto i te 1888 Te titau Stanyukovicha whakapaipai fariiraa tākare meinga e te angitu tangi tiori o ona "kōrero moana". Tona kohinga korero pai me ngaio heramana, me kaituhi. Tuatahi rite te whakaaturanga aravihi o te ora moana uaua, he tuarua - he reo mārama, me te marama, e minamina ana maere o nekehanga wahi. Taua kōrero kia rite ki "te tangata moana!" "I waenganui hoa", "mate Hawk" et al., I tuhia mo te tika o te huru tangata, te parau mau o ngā mahi tautuhia e te whīwhiwhi o huru o te ora. Ko ratou te iwi tūturu e kore e tino ti'aturi i runga i te takenga mātauranga ranei e.

i whakanohoia urupare takatika e pā ana ki te kōrero Stanyukovicha i te mau papai o rerekē whakaaro tōrangapū. "Maxim", "Tūkorehu American," "iwi Russian True" me e matau atu mahi i nga Slavophiles, whakamoemititia kitea i roto i a ratou whakapehapeha i roto i te kounga morare teitei o kaumoana Russian. Aroha, te itoito, me te wairangi o ratou wairua katoa i puna mārama motu mo ratou. "Jack o Hearts", "I roto i te whenua tawhiti", rite ki etahi atu, i roto i te teitei o te wairua e whai uara ao. Ko Common te tirohanga o mātauranga, me te uara mātauranga tuhi Stanyukovicha.

Tawhito me te mahara

ki tonu nga tau whakamutunga o te ora o te kaituhi i ki te mahi pakeke, te faatura i te hoa, te aroha kaipānui, mate me te mate o te hunga i aroha. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, nei haurongo kua tonu tata hono ki Russia i te tuatahi ki te manawa whakamutunga ka mate i roto i Naples i 1903.

e kore e whakaaro ia he poto o Russian taumata tuhinga o Tolstoy, Dostoevsky ko Chekhov, engari e kore e ngoto e te moana hau Stanyukovicha te tuhi, tuhinga Russian o te rau tau XIX e kua ngaro nui o tona whanui me te kanorau. A i roto i to tatou wa matenui reira ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki, te kōrero me te tales o te kaipeita nui moana ki te hanga kiriata, me te i ēnei rā e karanga ratou te moana o kaumoana heke mai.