Roma takenga, ona māngai

Roma, Roma, Roma - iwi ngā haereere tuatahi i Te Tai Tokerau India, kua horahia e huri noa i te ao, te nuinga i roto i Europe.

Reo me te takenga

Te nuinga korero Roma he ahua o te Roma, e he whanaunga tata ki te reo Indo-Pākehā hou o te raki o Inia, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te reo matua o te whenua i roto i nei e ora ratou. Kei te whakapono te reira e mahue te rōpū Roma India maha nga wa, me te ki te rau XI i ratou i Pahia, i te timatanga o te rau tau XIV. - i roto i te Tonga-Eastern Europe, a i roto i te rau tau XV. tae Western Europe. E te hawhe tuarua o te rautau rua tekau. kua horahia e ratou ki fenua nohoia katoa.

Kanohi maha Roma karanga ratou i tetahi ingoa noa "rama" (e te tikanga "tangata" ranei "tane"), me te kore-Roma katoa - te wā "Gadjo" ranei "gadzho" (he kupu ki te ariä te pOtake, e te tikanga "hiripiri" ranei "tautangata" ). He tokomaha Roma whakapono te ingoa "Gypsy" ino.

tatauranga taupori

No te mea o ratou huru oraraa hikihiki, kore o te raraunga tatauranga e pā ana, me te ranu ki ētahi atu rōpū hikihiki, aromatawai o te tau katoa o te ao o Roma kei waenganui i rua me rima miriona iwi. E kore tatauranga pono i runga i te pūtake o te pūrongo tāmutumutu i roto i whenua rerekē e kore e taea te whiwhi. Te nuinga e noho tonu Roma i roto i Europa, rawa i roto i nga whenua slavyanogovoryaschih o Central Europe me nga Balkans. He tokomaha o ratou ora i roto i te Czech Republic ko Slovakia, Hungary, te Yugoslavia mua, me te tata Bulgaria ko Romania.

kaiheke mure ore

He maiorooro ki te meka e iti me iti o ratou pono e tonu heke maha stereotype o nga Gypsies hikihiki. Heoi, he iti ratou haere. māngai katoa o te takenga Roma hikihiki heke haere ara whakapumautia e tau'a ore rohe motu. whai hoki ratou i te mekameka o te whānau hononga iwi ranei.

Roma predisposition ki te ara hikihiki o te ora meinga e te pana tutu whakahekenga ranei. 80 nga tau i muri i to ratou ahua tuatahi i roto i Western Europe i te rau tau 15 i peia ratou i tata whenua katoa o Western Europe. Ahakoa te meka e ka tokomaha Roma te take o te whakatoi nahanaha me te kaweake ki waho, te Roma, Heoi, tonu ki te puta i roto i tetahi puka ranei tetahi i roto i nga whenua kua mahue ratou.

ahanoa hāmene

Katoa ngā rōpū hapori haere ora i roto i nga iwi pumau titiro ki te riro watea scapegoats. Ko te taua ko te take ki te Roma, i reira te wā i whakapaea te taupori rohe o hara maha, ko e he omuaraa ki atu inonotitanga ōkawa, me te ture. Ratou whanaunga ki te mana whenua ope kua tohua e te ngā whakahēnga whai. i maha hāngai tikanga Official i to ratou whakawhenumi, ranei takoha ki te āhua sedentary, engari pūnahanaha i whakakahore mana rohe ratou te tika ki te wahi i ake ratou puni.

I roto i te Holocaust Roma ko te hape anake ratou Romany iwi. Tenei kua hua i roto i te patu o 400,000 Roma i te kau Nasí.

ture French wawetia opani ratou tu noho ai, a meinga ana ratou e raro ki te tirotiro pirihimana, tāke ratou, ka huaina ake mo te whawhai kia rite ki tangata noa.

Spain ko Wales - nga whenua e rua, e maha i hua rite tauira o āhua i nei kua riro sedentary Roma, ki te kahore rawa whakaritea.

Aita i maoro a'e, kua ngana te puni hapori i roto i whenua Eastern Europe ki te whakatinana i te hōtaka o te whakataunga takoha, hangaia ki te hoatu i te mutunga ki to ratou ara hikihiki o te ora.

tikanga gypsy

I ngā wā, kei te whai wāhi te Roma i roto i te mahi i tukua ki a ratou te pupuri i te ara hikihiki o te ora, noho i roto i te taha o te hapori. he kararehe kaihokohoko, kaiwhakangungu me toi, tinkers, parakimete, kaimahi hanga o oko kīhini me te kaiwaiata te tangata; wahine miharo hokona rongoā, tono mea a whakangahau te whakarongo.

I mua i te taeraa mai o te rongoā kararehe, i rapu maha kaimahi mo ki Roma kōrero ki a ratou i runga i ngā take o te kararehe, me te hauora kau.

ora Modern o Roma whakaata te "te ahunga whakamua" o te ao Hajiyev. Kei te tukua Trip inaianei ki nga tira o waka, taraka me ëtahi, a ka whakakapi hokohoko kararehe i te hoko o waka e whakamahia ana me ëtahi. Ahakoa te hanga papatipu o oko kīhini, me tinker maui kahore mahi, kua riro etahi Roma tāone rehe aunoa me te whakatika tinana motokā. Ki te tonu etahi iwi maha Roma arahi i te ara hikihiki o te ora, he tokomaha kua noho, mahi koutou pūkenga mahi rite ki kaimahi ranei. Haere circuses me pāka faaoaoaraa whakarato hoki mahi mo Roma hou rite kaiwhakangungu, kaihoko wharau hoko me tuaahu waimarie.

whānau

ngā Puāwaitanga whānau Roma o te hoa faaipoipo, me o ratou tamariki takakau, a i te iti rawa kia kotahi te tama whai hoa, tana wahine, me a ratou tamariki. I muri te tikanga ora te faaipoiporaa o te taata faaipoipo apî ki ngā mātua te tane o rite kore e he wahine taitamariki matau te ara o te ora o te hapu o tana tane. Tümanako, i te wa, ka e kia te tama matamua rite ki te waiho ki tona hapu, ko te tama o muri ki te marena, me te arahi i te whānau tana wahine hou. kua tuku iho te faaipoiporaa mua whakaritea nga kaumatua o te whānau rōpū ranei ki te whakakaha tōrangapū me te whanaungatanga ki te mau utuafare atu, rōpū ranei, taime, confederations, ahakoa i te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, kua peka tenei mahi tino. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te mau faaipoiporaa o Roma i te aufauraa i te hakari i homai ngā mātua o te wahine marena hou o ngā mātua o te tane.

rōpū iwi

āhuatanga motuhake o Roma takenga e whakaritea e ngā rerekētanga rohe, whakapakaritia e etahi āhuatanga ahurea, me te-iwi. E toru nga peka matua, iwi, Roma ranei:

• Kelderari - Kotljary-tinkers, e haere mai i nga Balkans a ka i roto i Central Europe, e ko te maha tino.
• Iberian Roma, ranei zhitanos - Roma takenga, ora te nuinga i roto i te Iberian Peninsula, Africa Te Tai Tokerau, me te tonga o France nei te mau melo. Kaha i roto i te toi o te whakangahau.
• Manush (i te manouche French), mohiotia hoki rite Sinti - Roma takenga, e ora te nuinga i roto i Alsace me ētahi atu rohe o France me Germany nei te mau melo. He tokomaha o ratou showmen haere me te maninirau.

Kei te wehea ia o Roma takenga ki e rua, neke atu rānei subgroups, rere whāiti mahi takenga rohe ranei.

hinonga tōrangapū

Ahau e kore mana hanga kahore tinana, Congress me pōtitia riro kahore "kingi" katoa te Roma, ahakoa ka mau "ao" Congresses o Gypsies wahi i roto i Munich, Moscow, Bucharest, Sofia (1906) me te i roto i te pa Polish Ruvne (i roto i 1936). Otiia, i te oraraa o te mana tōrangapū i roto i te Roma ko te meka whakapumautia. Ko te hunga e riro taitara pai, pērā i "Duke" ranei "Kaute", i roto i tona hītori wawe ki te taupori rohe, ko kaua e nui ake ngā rōpū Atamans e i neke i roto i te nui o i te 10 ki te maha rau whare pea. I pōtitia ēnei kau taki (rangatira) mo te ora i roto i te mau utuafare rongonui. rerekē ratou kaha me te mana i runga i te maha o ngā rōpū, ngā tikanga me te whanaungatanga ki ētahi atu hinonga i roto i te kotahitanga rānei.

Voivod ko kaitiaki mo te rōpū, whakatau te ara o tona hekenga, ka whai wāhi i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa ki te mana terenga rohe. arahina ia e te kaunihera o nga kaumatua, e hoki runanga ki te wahine rōpū pakeke. Ko te mana o te muri kaha, rawa ki te whakaaro ki o te wahine me te tamariki te whakarau, a ka ka i runga i te kaha kitea ki te whiwhi me te whakarite i nga wahine i roto i te rōpū.

mana pāpori

pūtahi kaha o te mana pāpori o te iwi Roma i "Chris" - ture tikanga, me te tika, me te rōpū karakia me te marae. Roma ko te pūtake o te waehere whānui o te taiva ore, te arotau, me te tauutuutu i roto i te hinonga tōrangapū mohio. Ko te mehua nui o whiu Taraipiunara, i mahi ki nga tautohe katoa me maumaui o te Code, ko rapae i te rōpū. rerenga mamahi taea aukati i te tangata i whai wāhi i roto i etahi mahi, a ki te whiua ia te raveraa i te ohipa kuware ratou. I roto i ētahi wā, homai nga kaumatua i runga i whakanohonoho, aru i te houhanga rongo hararei.

whakahaere pāpori

rōpū Roma ngā o Vic, t. e. rōpū atu te utuafare ki te takenga noa, e rua pāpā me te whaea, taua i te iti rawa 200 iwi. Ka taea e whai te nuinga Vitsa ona ake tino me te kaunihera. Hei wāhi i roto i te ino, e taea e koe te titau rite ki te hua o te faaipoiporaa ki te mema o te puninga. tūmanakohia te atawhai me te mahi tahi ōhanga te i te taumata o te whare, kaua ki te taumata vitsy. E kore te mea te reo Romani he wā kano mo te whare. pea e taea e te tangata te tatau i runga i te whānuitanga tautoko o whanaunga e hāngai ana, me nei ko ia tata pae tino, a kei roto i te whawhai ehara.

whakapono wairua

e kore e Roma i te whakapono e pā ana, a i roto i te mua, e te nuinga o whakahaweatia ratou haapa'oraa whakaritea. I teie mahana, Kei te maha tukinotia te Roma rite te haapa'oraa tino o te whenua i roto i nei e ora ratou, ka whakaahua ratou rite "he rota o whetu marara i roto i te kanohi o te Atua." Ētahi rōpū e Katolika, Mahometa, Pentecostals, Palotisaní, Mihinare me Papitaisó.

Roma mau te huinga matatini o ngā ture e faatere i mea rite e haavâhia, te mâ, te faatura, te honore, me te tika. E huaina ēnei ture "Roma". tikanga Romano ki te tikanga rangatira me te whakaute, rite te iwi Roma. "Romanipen" - he ingoa gypsy o ratou Māoritanga.

kaitiaki o ngā kōrero tuku iho

Roma Ko te distributor o ngā whakapono me ngā mahi i roto i te wāhi i reira noho ratou (hei tauira, Romania) rongonui, te haapa'oraa i te ritenga motu, kanikani me te rite, te nuinga i nei ngaro i te ora tuawhenua i te tahuri o te rau tau XXI. He nui to ratou taonga tuku puoro me ngā, hei tauira, flamenco. Ahakoa whai Roma he iho kōrero taonga, tuhituhi papai o ratou ngā roa.

I te timatanga o te rau tau XXI, te Roma tonu ki uaua ki te ketanga i roto i to ratou ahurea. Ahakoa te meka e whai iti ki te tiakina ratou ki inonotitanga e te hapori kino ratou, etahi whakaoho me te ātete tonu. Pea noa atu o te raruraru ki nei e fehangahangai ratou, ko te horo o ratou ara o te ora i raro i te mana o te pa i roto i nga hapori ahumahi. Kaupapa o te whānau me te mateaki mātāwaka, noa i roto i te waiata o te Roma, i āwhina tiaki etahi ariā o te mea kei o Roma takenga, engari etahi o te taitamariki me te pūmanawa taupū o tenei waiata awe e paea utu rauemi ki te ao i waho. hei whare noho takitahi, motuhake ōhanga, me te moe ki Nerom atu noa.