Rahinga tinana - te reira ... Measurement o inenga ā. pūnaha inenga ā

Ahupūngao rite te pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te ari o te natura, te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rangahau paerewa. Ko te wāhanga matua e: kitea, whakapae, ngā whakahaere, ako te ariā. I roto i te kitea whakapumautia nga āhuatanga motuhake o te tītohunga, te akoranga o tona akoranga, take me mau hopearaa taea. Ka taea e whakapae te whakamārama i te akoranga o ngā, ki te whakatū i ona ture. Ko te ne fakapapau◊i whakamātau (ne fakapapau◊i ranei) tāpae kōrero. āhei te reira ki a koutou whakaturia te rahi o te rahinga i te akoranga o te whakamātau, e arata'i ki te whakatūnga o te ririki tangohia. wheako kï i roto i te akoranga o te whakapae ko te pūtake o te ariā pūtaiao.

e kore e taea e No ariā titau ki kia pono, ki te kahore whiwhi haamauraa tonu, me te herekore i roto i te whakamātautau. Ko te whakamutunga e pā ana i te ine inenga ā-characterizing te tukanga. rahinga tinana - ko te pūtake o te inenga.

He aha te tenei

Ko te inenga o aua uara, e whakau te mana o te whakapae e pā ana ki te ture. rahinga tinana - he whakaahuatanga pūtaiao o te tinana tinana, e hāngai ana kounga i te noa ki te plurality o tinana rite. Hoki ia te tinana o te taua āhuatanga ine o te takitahi pono.

. Ki te tahuri tatou ki te tuhinga, te tohutoro M. Yudin et al (1989 putanga) tai'o matou e te rahinga-tinana, ko te "āhuatanga o tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te ahanoa tinana (te pūnaha tinana, tītohunga ranei tukanga), te tapeke i te kounga mo te maha tinana ahanoa, engari i roto i ngā o ngā tau mō te ahanoa ia takitahi. "

kī Ozhegov (1990 putanga) e te rahinga tinana ko - ". te rahi, te whānuitanga, te roa o te ahanoa"

Hei tauira, te roa - rahinga tinana. marū Mechanics rite tawhiti roa, mā te whakamahi i electrodynamics roa waea i roto i thermodynamics rahinga e ngákaunuitia whakatau te matotoru o taiepa iaia. tonu te ngako o te ariā te taua: kia waiho te taua te uara kōwae, me te uara - rerekē.

Ko te āhuatanga wehe o te inenga ā-, hei tauira, i te pāngarau, ko te wātea o te wae. Mita, waewae, whatianga - tauira wae roa.

wae o te inenga

Ki te whanganga i te inenga ā-, kia rite ai ki te uara riro ia wae. Kia mahara ki te pakiwaituhi faahiahia "wha-waru kaka." Hei whakaturia te roa o te boa, whanganga pūāhua tona roa i roto i kaka, nga arewhana, te makimaki. I roto i tenei take, whakaritea te roa boa ki te tupu o te tahi atu pūāhua cartoon. fakafalala te hua ine nui i te tohutoro.

Ko te kōwae o te rahinga tinana - he mehua o tona inenga i roto i te pūnaha motuhake o ngā waeine. Whakama i roto i enei mehua whakatika kore anake te mea o te tia ore, mehua kanorau, engari i ētahi wā i te mea o te wae whanaunga.

mehua Russian o te roa - whatianga - te tawhiti i waenganui i te maihao taupū me te kōnui. Heoi, he rerekē nga ringa o te iwi katoa, me whatianga, whanganga ringa o te tangata, he rerekē i te iari i runga i te ringa o te tamaiti i te wahine ranei. Ko te taua rerekētanga i waenganui i te roa o te mehua āwangawanga maro (te tawhiti i waenganui i nga tohutohu o ana maihao mokowā motu ringa) me te tuke (te tawhiti i te ringa waenganui ki te ringa whatīanga).

Te mea faahiahia, i roto i te tuari toa ka tango nga tangata o te iti roa. ora kaihokohoko tohunga rawa kikokiko te whakamahi i te maha iti Meryl: whatianga, tuke whanganga.

ake pūnaha

he momo pērā o mehua tīariari i roto i Russia kore anake, engari ano i roto i ētahi atu whenua. i te noho maha Omuaraa o ngā waeine, i ētahi wā i whakaurua anake te mea o te haratau o ratou inenga enei wae. Hei tauira, mō te ine pēhanga kōhauhau whakaurua mmHg. Mohiotia wheako Torricelli, whakamahia ai te te ngongo, reira taenga mai mēkuri whakaaetia ki te tomo i te taua uara rerekē.

Engine mana whakaritea ki te horsepower (mahi nei i roto i to tatou wa).

Various rahinga tinana inenga o inenga ā mahi matatini, me te hārakiraki kore anake, engari fakafaingata'a'ia'i hoki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao.

Ko te pūnaha ōrite o mehua

pūnaha kotahi o inenga ā, e māhorahora ana, me te papaitia i roto i nga whenua ahumahi, kua riro te akiaki. I tangohia te kaupapa mo te whakaaro rite te pai rawa o te tau taea iti rawa o ngā waeine e ai ki te whanaungatanga pāngarau taea te whakahuatia, me ētahi atu uara. e kore Me herea ia uara taketake pērā ki tetahi ki tetahi, ko te ahurei takoto ratou uara me te matau i roto i tetahi pūnaha ōhanga.

tamata matou ki te whakaoti i tenei raruraru i roto i nga whenua rerekē. Creation o te kotahi pūnaha o mehua (-Ngahuru, kua hanga faahiti GHS, ISS, etc), engari e whakararuraru i te wāhi pūtaiao o te tirohanga ranei enei pūnaha, rānei i te kāinga, tono ahumahi.

Ko te mahi whakaturia i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, kua tahuri atu ki te whakatau anake i roto i te tau 1958. I te hui o te pūnaha kotahi i te aroaro ki te Komiti o Ture Metrology International.

Ko te pūnaha kotahi o mehua

1960 tohua te hui hītori o te amuiraa rahi i runga i Weights me Measures. Te pūnaha ahurei, ka karanga «Systeme Internationale d'Unites» (haapotohia SI) i tangohia e te whakatau o tenei whakaminenga e whakahonoretia ana. I roto i te putanga Russian o te pūnaha i huaina te Pūnaha International (SI whakarāpopototanga).

Kei te mau te reira i rite te pūtake mo te hunga nui 7 me 2 atu. takoto ratou uara tau te rite te taumata

Ripanga o inenga ā o SI

Ingoa o te kōwae taketake	measurand	ti'araa
		internationalist	Russian
wae matua
kirokaramu	taimaha	kg	kg
mita	roa	m	m
tuarua	wā	s	ki
wae iahiko	o nāianei	He	He
Kelvin	pāmahana	K	K
kamiriona	nui o te taonga	mol	kamiriona
kānara	luminous	kōpae	kōpae
wae atu
tātoro	koki flat	rad	pai
steradian	koki mārō	SR	cf.

E kore e taea e te pūnaha ngā anake o nga wae e whitu, kia rite ki te momo o ngā tukanga tinana i roto i te natura titau te whakataki o ake me te ake uara hou. Ko te hanganga rawa whakarato kore anake te whakataki o wae hou, engari ano ratou hononga i roto i te puka o te whanaungatanga pāngarau (e maha i huaina ratou tātai o ngā āhuatanga).

Ko te kōwae o te inenga ā-whiwhi whakamahi whakarea, taupūtanga , me te wehewehe i waeine pūtaketake i roto i ngā āhuatanga tātai. Ko te kore o whakarea tau i roto i enei whārite hanga te pūnaha watea kore anake i roto i te tikanga katoa, engari mārama hoki (pipiri).

wae ahu

Ko te wae e hanga e o e whitu pärönaki matua, i huaina. Haunga nga wae matua, ka ahu, te hiahia mo te introduction o atu (tātoro me steradian). E whakaaro ratou āhuatanga ki te kia kore. Ko te kore o mea mo ratou whakamāramatanga hanga e taea ki te whanganga ratou. Ko e tika ana ki te tono o te rangahau ariā ratou introduction. Hei tauira, whanganga te tinana rahinga "kaha" i roto i te pūnaha e i roto i Newton te. Mai te kaha - he mehua o te mahi tahi o tinana ki runga ki tetahi ki tetahi, ko te take mō te rerekē te tere o te tetahi papatipu tinana, ka taea e koe te tautuhi i te reira rite te hua o te puranga kōwae ia auau wae, wehea e te wae o te wā:

F = k0M0v / T, te wahi k - tauwehe proportionality, M - wae papatipu, v - wae tere, T - wae wā.

SI āhuatanga homai te tātai e whai ake nei: n = kg0m / ^2, te wahi e whakamahia e toru wae. Na manokaramu me mita, me te tuarua tuku ki te tumuaki. He rite ki te 1 te tau whakarea proportionality.

introduction pea o uara kore, e kua tautuhia rite te ōwehenga o ngā rahinga ōrite. Ki te hunga ngā te whakarea o te waku, rite mohiotia ko, ko te ōwehenga o te kaha waku ki te pēhanga noa kaha.

TÜTOHI inenga ā i takea mai i taketake

ingoa wae	measurand	tātai ahu
joule	pūngao	kg0m 2 0s -2
Pascal	te pēhanga	kr0 m -1 -2 0C
Tesla	arataki autō	0A 0C kg -1 -2
wae ngaohiko	ngaohiko	2 kg 0m 0s 0s -1 -3
Ohm	ātete hiko	2 kg 0m 0s 0s -3 -2
tautau	tiaki Electric	A0 ki
wata	mana	2 kg 0s 0m -3
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 m -1 0c 4 0A 2
Joule ia Kelvin	kaha wera	2 kg 0m 0s -1 -2 0K
tēnei wā	Ko te mahi o te taonga iraruke	-1 C
Weber	rere autō	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -1 -2
Henry	hiko	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -2 -2
Hertz	auau	-1
Grey	horopeta whenumi	2 m 0s -1
sievert	horopeta radiation ōrite	2 m 0s -2
papai	marama	m -2 -2 0kd 0sr
lumen	rere luminous	0sr cD
Newton	Kaha, taimaha	0kg m 0s -2
Siemens	kawe ia hiko	0kg -1 m -2 0s 3 0A 2
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 m -1 0c 4 0A 2

wae Common

Mā te uara hītori o kore-SI ranei rerekē anake e te tauwehe tau, nei hoki e ngawari ki te uara inenga. Tenei Units Common. Hei tauira, mmHg, X-ray, me ētahi atu.

Ko te tau whakarea tau whakamahia mo te whakataki o rahinga maha, me te submultiple. Kuhimua hāngai ki te maha motuhake. Tauira e centi-, mano-, Deca, mega- me te tini ke atu.

1 kiromita = 1000 mita,

1 cm = 0.01 m.

typology o ngā uara

Kia tamata tatou ki te tautuhi i ētahi āhuatanga taketake e tukua ki a koutou whakaturia te momo o te uara.

1. Aronga. Ki te pā tika te mahi o te rahinga tinana ki te aronga, huaina ana e ia ko te pere, te tahi atu - scalar.

2. Ko te aroaro o te taha. Ko te oraraa o te rahinga tinana o te tātai hanga reira taea ki te karanga ratou āhuatanga. Ki te i roto i te tātai, wae katoa i tohu kore, ka e huaina ratou rahikore. e riro te reira i pai ki te karanga ratou rahinga ki te taha rite ki te 1. I muri ariā rahinga rahi huakore. Ko te taonga matua - taha - e kore kua whakakorea!

3. Mā te tāpiri i ngā whai wāhitanga. Tāpiri rahinga, e taea te tāpiri uara, tangohia, whakanuia e te tauwehe, etc (hei tauira, te taimaha) - .. He inenga ā-, i te mea integrable.

4. I roto i te pā ana ki te pūnaha tinana. Whānui - ki te taea te hanga e tona uara i nga uara o te pūnaha. He tauira ko te rohe whanganga i roto i mita pūrua. Kaha - uara, i te mea motuhake o te pūnaha uara. Ki te hunga ngā pāmahana.