Raau taero Anticholinergic: rārangi. Ko te tikanga o te mahi o te tarukino anticholinergic

raau taero Anticholinergic - he taero e ārai i te mahi o te neurotransmitter taiao - acetylcholine - ki receptors cholinergic. I roto i te tuhinga ke, tenei rōpū o raau taero i huaina "delirianty" e tika ana ki te kaha ki te meinga kuawa.

He bit o meka hītori

I mua, i roto i te rau tau waenganui-20, taero mahi anticholinergic whakamahia mo te maimoatanga o ma'i mate pūkahukahu taunutia , me te huangō, engari i whakakapi ratou e atu taero hou ki iti pānga taha pea. Ki te whanaketanga o te Pūtaiao, i taea ki te whakawhanake i taua holinoblokatory kore e e whai i te rārangi nui taua o ngā pānga taha pūtaiao. Kua pai ake ngā puka inenga, a i roto i te mahi whakaora mate pūkahukahu i ano tono anticholinergics. Ko kaua uaua te tikanga o te mahi o tenei rōpū o taero, engari he reira taea ki te whakaahua i te hononga matua.

Me pēhea e holinoblokatory?

Ko te mahi matua o te tarukino anticholinergic te ārai receptors cholinergic me te eita o awe neurotransmitter ratou - acetylcholine. Hei tauira, i roto i te bronchi āraia receptors kei roto i te uaua maeneene.

whakarōpū o raau taero

I runga anō i nei e awe receptors e taero anticholinergic, kua wehea te rārangi ki ngā rōpū:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, pūkeha ipratropium).
• holinoblokatory H (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Tei runga i te selectivity o mahi:

• Central, maiti kore-(atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin) ranei.
• (Ipratropium pūkeha) piringa whiriwhiri ranei.

M-holinoblokatory

Ko te māngai matua o tenei rōpū o taero he atropine. Atropine - he pāhare, i roto nei i roto i te tahi mau tipu pērā i whakamate nightshade, henbane me datura. Ko te āhuatanga tino korerotia o atropine - antispasmodic. Ki te whakamārama o tona mahi heke āhua uaua te wahi kūnatu, tōngāmimi, me te ngōrahi.

i whakaritea Atropine te waha, subcutaneously me pâmuhia. Ko tōna roanga o te mahi ko te pā ana ki 6 haora, me te rūrūtia te whakamahi i atropine piki roanga ki whitu nga ra.

pānga pharmacological o atropine:

• tauira Dilated o kanohi e tika ana ki te pānga whakaongaonga i runga i te uaua porohita o te iris - te uaua iris akaanga, aua, dilates te whatupango. puta te pānga mōrahi i roto i te 30-40 meneti i muri i instillation.
• Pāpāngia o noho - totoro te arotahi te ka papatahi, aro taero anticholinergic kanohi mo te whakakitenga tawhiti.
• auau ngakau nui ake
• Whakangā o te uaua maeneene i te bronchi, wahi gastrointestinal, tōngāmimi mimi.
• Heke repe secretion ā, pērā i arahau, kūnatunga me te werawera.

Ko te whakamahi o te atropine

• I roto i te Ophthalmology: te ako o te fundus, te whakamāramatanga o te hapa atatāhapa.
• I roto i te mafatu, te whakamahia atropine mō te bradycardia.
• I roto i te Pulmonology whakamahia taero anticholinergic i roto i te huangō.
• Gastroenterology: whewhe pekitīlia me whewhe duodenal, gastritis giperatsidnom (mā te whakaiti secretion waikawa pekitīlia repe kūnatu). he whai hua i roto i te take o te colic intestinal te tarukino.
• Ko te atropine kairehu whakamahia rite premedication i mua i ngā ngā tukanga hāparapara.

pānga te taha o te atropine.

Āhuatanga e maroke o te mangai , me te korokoro, photophobia, kite tata waimaero, kōroke, uaua i roto i te tiana.

Kei te tino contraindicated Atropine ki te whakamahi i roto i te papahewa tika ki te pānga o te pēhanga intraocular nui haere. Contraindicated taero anticholinergic mō te taikaha mimi, rite akaanga i te uaua o te tōngāmimi. rapu Anticholinergics kōwhiringa pū o te dosing. I roto i te pota te taikaha mai poisoning rauropi, āhuatanga nei i te nekeneke me te mahimahi aronganui, mydriasis, whango, uaua horomia, kia ara i roto i te pāmahana. I roto i te timata tūroro poisoning atu kino ki te ngaro ratou takotoranga i roto i te wāhi, e kore ia ite i te iwi a tawhio noa ratou, whakakitea moemoea me horihori. Kia whakawhanake haurangi e haere ana ki te coma, engari e tika ana ki te pāpāngia o te pokapū romahā, puta tere mate. Te nuinga tairongo ki pota te taikaha o ngā tamariki - to ratou horopeta whakamate ko 6-10 mg.

Scopolamine te hanganga rite ki atropine, engari i roto i te rerekē ki whakarato reira pānga nuinga inhibitory i runga i te pūnaha io pokapū, mahi rite te whakarokiroki. whakamahia ana tēnei taonga i roto i te mahi o te rongoā - whakamahia scopolamine te i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā disorders o te pūnaha vestibular - whanoke, kiwi e waimaero me te toenga, ki te ārai i te whanaketanga o te moana, me te rangi mate.

E ngā taero Anticholinergic i roto i te "Aeron," he tarukino e te maha whakamahia i mua i te haerenga ka ū mai i runga i manureva me kaipuke. papa Mahi pumau hoki e pā ana ki 6 haora. He puka netabletirovannaya - pūnaha whakaora transdermal - raima, Katahi nei i runga i te taringa me te putanga i te tarukino ki runga 72 haora. Enei taero anticholinergic - pōuritanga, i roto i te wā tino matatau te āwhina ki hohoro whakaara i te wairua o te tūroro e te hunga i roto i te whārua ma'i.

pūkeha Ipratropium ( "Atrovent") - he bronchodilator. A, no te kore e whakaritea whakamahi inhalation whenumi ki toto, me e kore pānga pūnahanaha. Nā ki te pā o receptors cholinergic o uaua maeneene o te bronchi hanga ratou roha. Enei anticholinergics wātea rite te otinga mo te ngongō aerosol, he metered ranei me he whai hua i roto i te huangō arahau, me te COPD. pānga te taha - whakapairuaki, me te mangai maroke.

pūkeha Tiotropium - drugs anticholinergic i runga i ngā āhuatanga ōrite ki te pūkeha ipratropium. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i roto i te puka o te paura mo te inhalation. He āhuatanga motuhake o tenei tarukino ko e ko te reira atu pānga pumau i runga i receptors cholinergic, reira, he nui ake whai hua atu i pūkeha ipratropium. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te tūroro ki te COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus pāhare. Rerekē te tahi atu anticholinergics taea ki te wewiti oko toto, platifillin. Nā ki tenei taonga, i reira te mea he heke iti i roto i te pēhanga toto. Kei te tukua te tarukino ki te otinga me suppositories rectal. Hoatu ki mamae i roto i te uaua maeneene o whekau, ate me te colic tākihi, huangō, me te mamae meinga e spasm ki whakapeka whewhe pekitīlia me whewhe duodenal. I roto i te platifillin mahi ophthalmological whakamahia i roto i te puka o te kanohi makaka mo tauira dilated.

Pirenzepine - preferentially poraka nga pūtau puku e hua histamine. Na roto i te whakaiti tuku histamine whakaiti tohatoha o te waikawa pūmāota. Ko te pota whakaora mua, kua tata kore pānga i runga i nga tauira, me te mokowhiti, na waiwai pirenzepine riro te waha mo te maimoatanga o te whewhe pekitīlia me whewhe duodenal tenei tarukino.

holinoblokatory H (ganglionic)

Ko te tikanga o te mahi ko e te māngai anticholinergic o tenei rōpū ārai i te innervation pukuaroha me karere parasympathetic i kōpuku whakaiti te secretion o Adrenaline me noradrenaline, tautāwhi i excitation o te romahā me te pokapū vasomotor. Ano, ko te nui te mana o te innervations pukuaroha parasympathetic ranei, te mahi maukati atu whakakitea.

Hei tauira, te nui o ngā ākonga awenga innervation parasympathetic kaha - te nuinga o ngā ākonga te nuinga whāiti. I roto i tenei take, ka pā holinoblokatory te pūnaha io parasympathetic - rite ki te hua o te ākonga e dilated. Tata katoa o nga oko toto i raro i te mana o te pūnaha io pukuaroha - faaore taero tona mana, me te wewiti oko toto, e tika ana ki i heke te pēhanga te.

riro H holinoblokatory pānga bronchodilatory me e whakamahia mō te spasm arahau, whakaiti i te reo o te tōngāmimi, kia taea te whakaritea enei i anticholinergics urination uaua. I tua atu, enei taero raro i te repe secretion ā, me te pōturi iho te motility wahi gastrointestinal. I roto i te mahi hauora, whakamahia pānga matua hypotensive, e riro enei anticholinergics. Ko te rārangi o ngā pānga taha he whānui:

• I runga i te wahi o te wahi kūnatu: mangai maroke me te kōroke.
• Mai i te pūnaha romahā: mare, kia ite ai ritenga rohe.
• Mai i te CCC: arrhythmia, faaite palpitations. He onge ēnei tohumate me e ngāwari whakakorea.
• kia whakaiti Ētahi atu pānga acuity ataata, te whanaketanga o te puka whakapeka o papahewa, edema.

Contraindications ki te whakamahi o te raau taero anticholinergic

• Hypersensitivity ki pärönaki o atropine me ētahi atu wāhanga o te mau faaineineraa.
• Pregnancy (tautautefito 1 huatū).
• Hohipera.
• tau o ngā tamariki (contraindication whanaunga).
• whakamahi tino contraindicated o taero i roto i te koki-katinga papahewa i roto i te tūroro ki te täkihi he tika ki te āta aroturuki i te āhua o te toto, me te mimi.