Pūmua: whakarōpū o hanganga me te mahi pūmua

He philosopho pai-mohiotia kotahi whakaarohia Karl Marx te whakamāramatanga e whai ake nei o "te ora" - he puka o te oraraa o tinana pūmua. A ki tenei tauākī e kore e taea ki te tautohe. I te ngakau o tetahi kaiao kararehe ko ïa tenei mea. He aha ngā āhuatanga whakatau ratou mahi faufaa? Ko te pūmua mahi? Ka kia kōrero Whakarōpū, hanganga me te hanganga o enei matū i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

Ko te ariā o ngā matū waro

Ko te rōpū o ngā matū waro ngā i roto i te kaiao ora, ngā pūmua, lipids, warowaihā me waikawa karihi. He biopolymers katoa o ratou - hanganga matatini arā, o te tau nui o ngā wae tāruarua. Hei tauira, ngā lipids o polyalcohol nonireka me fatty waikawa. E huaina wāhanga tāruarua taua waetahi. Ko ratou kahore okotahi me pūmua. Whakarōpū o pūmua me ētahi atu matū organic, i nuinga o te wā, e hāngai ana i runga i to ratou hanganga.

Pūmua - te pūtake o te ora

I ngā wā e riro te reira e whai i te turanga pūmua anake kaiao kararehe. A, pono, ki te kia taonga ki tenei taonga, kai tatou poaka me te mīti kai, heihei, hēki, me te ika. Ko roto he nui nui o tenei taonga i roto i ngā kai tipu. Rēkiumu (pini, pī, pīnati, soybeans) he pūmua huawhenua puna.

Ko te hanganga o te pūmua

He ohie engari i te taua wa ahurei i roto i tona hanganga pūmua. E hanga e ratou e waetahi i huaina waikawa amino. Ko anake te rauemi organic o ngā kaiao ora, e ngā te hauota huānga matū tenei.

Kei Kotahi pūmua o rua tekau waikawa amino. I roto i te tahuri, Kei ia waetahi o te ngota waro ki i piri te huānga te hauwai, he rōpū amino, he rōpū carboxyl me te tuwhena. Tenei rōpū o ngota, o nei rerekē waikawa amino i ia atu. Ko te aha e na kanorau i roto i te hanganga me te mahi mahi ratou pūmua.

hanganga pūmua

Tei runga i te matatini o te pūmua e wehea hanganga ki wha:

1. Paraimere Ko te mekameka o waikawa amino hono e here peptide. puta ratou i roto i nga hononga o te amino me karboksogruppy.

Kei te whiria te mekameka waikawa amino ki te tōrino - 2. Tuarua. E huaina Hononga nei e hanga e i roto i tenei hanganga hauwai.

3. Tuatoru tohu te globule. Ko reira he pōkai o coils koru hanganga tuarua.

4. Quaternary - rāpoi globule e tohu i te huinga o te maha ngā hanganga taua.

kia untwisted ki hurihia tuatahi me te tuarua i te hanganga o muri. He reversible ēnei tukanga, ā, e karangatia e ı me renaturation. Ko te tukanga o te whakangaromanga o te hanganga tuatahi - te whakangaromanga - he tina heke.

Pūmua: whakarōpū o pūmua

Tei runga i te hanganga matū wehewehe pūmua ohie, me te uaua. Kei te tuatahi anake o waikawa amino i roto i te rua o ato'a ngā rōpū prosthetic. Ko reira he wāhanga o te natura nonprotein.

Whakarōpū o pūmua ohie (proteids) e hāngai ana i runga i to ratou natura matū. Hei tauira, histones me protamines whai āhuatanga taketake, mai e tito te nuinga o arginine. He wāhanga o te pūmua matatini ratou me he wahi o te karihi pūtau. Prolamins he pūmua o te tipu takenga me i roto i te nui i roto i roto i te purapura o pata. Albumin me globulin - wāhanga o toto tangata.

matatini Whakarōpū o pūmua e pā ana ki te rōpū āhua prostatic. Ko te kupu, he wahi o glycoproteins, anake waikawa amino, e ngā toenga warowaihā.

Milk casein, albumin, hua manu ', ika hua ihtulin - hoki pūmua matatini. E huaina ratou phosphoproteins kei roto i te wahi hanganga o te waikawa kohuke.

Ko te toenga o te DNA me te RNA ki waikawa amino he wahi o te nucleoprotein, e he wahi o te hanganga pūtau.

I roto i te toto wē, pūkahukahu kikokiko, te pungaraungao, kiriuhi pūtau he lipoproteins. Ratou rōpū prostatic arā, o pärönaki o ngako.

Ko na kanorau i roto i te hanganga o te pūmua. taea hoki te hāngai Whakarōpū o pūmua i runga i te takenga mai o ngā waikawa amino. E nehenehe o takitahi i hanga i roto i te tinana tangata etahi o ratou. E huaina ratou faufaa. waikawa amino Ko taea te atu momo mahi reira anake i te waho. Tenei waikawa amino faufaa. Etahi o ratou anake mai i te kararehe. Na reira, nga kaipūtaiao mea e he tika mo te whanaketanga tonu o te tinana tangata te kai kai.

Whakarōpū o pūmua Taumahi

Haere raina mahi i reira e rave rahi ngā rōpū o ngā pūhui matū waro faufaa. pūmua enzymatic he kaiwhakakökï koiora. tere ratou ake tauhohe matū, e kore e tomo ki roto ki te hanganga o ona hua. Hei tauira, amylase me te maltase ngā i roto i te hanganga o te huware tangata, piri warowaihā matatini ki ohie kē i roto i te kōhao-waha. Te whākōkī lipase pekitīlia emulsifies ngako ki waetahi. He he he rōpū o pūmua he te pānga ritenga, tērā iho te tere o te tauhohenga. Ko ratou i huaina inhibitors.

He matū o takenga pūmua hoki hormones. I roto i te tangata, me te kararehe emit ratou whekau motuhake i huaina repe. Hei tauira, te repe, kei i te turanga o te roro secretes taiki tupu. tomo ia te toto, āta piki nei e pa ana i te huringa ine i roto i te tinana.

Haumaru o pūmua toto i huaina paturopi. Ratou mahi, ko te ki te haamou i matūriki viral me ke ongó ki te tinana. Paturopi taea ki te mohio ki a te whakangaro ia ratou i te phagocytosis - nakunaku intracellular. Mahi o te pūmua tiaki whakatau te taumata o te pūnaha ārai mate te tangata, i te mea te kaha ki te pato'ii te te mate o te natura viral me kitakita.

Transport pūmua globin wahi o nga pūtau toto whero, e kawe utu hau. Actin me myosin e contractile pūmua i roto i te uaua kiko.

Tenei e rite kanorau i roto i te hanganga me te āheinga o te pūmua. Whakarōpū o pūmua e hāngai ana i runga i nga āhuatanga o ratou hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga mahi.