Pūkaha Stirling - mahi parau tumu. Ko te pūkaha Stirling iti-pāmahana (whakaahua)

Stirling pūkaha, he qualitatively rerekē i te mua mo katoa o te pūkaha ngingiha ā-te parau tumu o nei, kotahi ko te whakamutunga ki te whakataetae. Heoi, kua wareware i etahi wa e pā ana ki reira. Ka rite ki te whakamahia i tēnei nekeneke te tenei ra, he aha te mea te parau tumu o tona mahi (i roto i te tuhinga hoki e taea te kitea te pūkaha Stirling pikitia e whakaatu tona mahi), me he aha e nga 'amanaki ki he whakamahi heke mai, kite i raro.

kōrero

I roto i te 1816, Robert Stirling i Scotland i arai pūkaha wera, ko tenei ra i roto i te kororia o tona ihi. Ko te tuatahi engines hau wera whakaaro i ia i mua. Otiia tapiritia Stirling ki te kaihoroi pūrere i huaina i roto i te tuhinga hangarau ko te regenerator he exchanger wera ranei. Ngā mihi ki a ia, nui haere mahi pūkaha i pupuri i te kōwae i roto i te wera.

whakaae Engine pūkaha mamaoa tino roa e wātea ana i te wa, e kore mai ia piti. I mua ia, puta maha atu motors he raruraru taua. Ahakoa te angitu wawe, i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, i peka ke i tona whanaketanga, rite kua riro te reira iti utu-whai hua i roto i te rite ki te puta ka atu engines ngingiha ā- me motors hiko. Heoi, i whakamahia tonu Stirling i roto i te tahi mau ahumahi.

pūkaha ngingiha waho

Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o engines wera katoa ko e te ope nui aunoa atu i ki te kōpeketanga makariri i roto i te āhua whänui hoki te hau e hiahiatia ana. Hei whakaatu taea te kawea tenei wheako i roto i ki te pata e rua ki tonu i te wai matao, me te wera me te he pounamu. toua te whakamutunga i roto i te wai matao, plug ngongo, ka whakawhitia ki te wera. A, no te tīmata te hau i roto i te pounamu ki te mahi i te mahi mīhini, me te tuwhā i te plug. hāngai pūkaha ngingiha waho Tuatahi i runga i te tukanga tino. Heoi, mohio i muri i te ma'imi e taea te whakamahi mō te whakawera i te wera. Ko te kupu, kua nui haere mahi tino. Otiia ara kihai tenei i te āwhina i te pūkaha ki te riro whānui.

I muri Erickson, he kaipūkaha i Sweden, i hū ake whakahere hoahoa me te hau wera i te pēhanga tamau hei utu o rōrahi. Ka rite ki te hua, ka timata te rota o kape ki te whakamahi mo te mahi i roto i nga maina, i runga i nga kaipuke, me te i roto i tā. Ko mo nga maatua e, ko ratou taimaha rawa.

Engines Te tahu waho i Philips

Ko o nga momo e whai ake nei enei motors:

• korohū;
• te mīhini huri hiko mamaoa;
• Stirling.

E kore te momo o muri i te whakawhanake i tika ki te tika iti, me te kore nga ētahi atu e nga reiti rawa whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o ngā waeine puta. Heoi, i roto i te 1938, kua anō Philips mahi. Kua waiho Engines whakamahia ki te pei generators i roto i ngā wāhi neelektrofitsirovannyh. I roto i 1945, kua kitea Engineers te kamupene o ratou te kore whakamahi i: ki te ki te take miro he pūkaha hiko, te tautauā o te matenga puoto mai ki haunga te degrees kotahi rau e iwa tekau. Na ka ka whakaritea e te reira ki te kia whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha Refrigeration ake pūkaha Stirling.

parau tumu o te mahi

Ko te mahi o te nekeneke ko ki te mahi i runga i te huringa thermodynamic, i roto i nei puta i rerekē pāmahana kōpeketanga me te roha. Ko te kupu mohio mahi i te ture rere inu e rerekē te rōrahi (ranei te pēhanga - i runga i te tauira rānei). Ko te parau tumu o te nuinga o enei mīhini, e taea whai mahi rerekē me kaupapa hoahoa tenei. kia Engines e reciprocating ranei hurihuri. Mihini me o ratou wae mahi rite papua mahana, faatoetoeraa, generators pēhanga, me te pera i runga i.

I tua atu, i reira he engines tuwhera-huringa, te wahi te kitenga o ngā rere te roto i te mapuni. E huaina ratou engines Erickson, haunga te ingoa noa te ingoa o Stirling. kawea te mahi whai hua ICE te i muri i mua-te kōpeke te rangi, me te wahie i werohia, te whakawera i konatunatua te ranunga hua i ki parariraa me te roha.

Ko te taua te Stirling parau tumu pūkaha mahi: i iti te pāmahana te kōpeke, me i tiketike - roha. Heoi, kawea rerekē whakawera i roto i: tukua te wera te i waho i roto i te taiepa puoto. Na reira, kua karangatia e ia he pūkaha ngingiha waho. whakamahia Stirling te huringa pāmahana wā ki te kōkeke displacement. neke hau muri i tetahi ruma rango ki tetahi. I runga i te ringa kotahi, tonu iti pāmahana, me i te tahi atu - tiketike. A, no te neke i te kōkeke whakarunga nuku hau i te wera ki te kōhao matao, me te iho - hoki ki te wera. hau Tuatahi homai he rota o te wera te pouaka, a ka i te whakamahana e tango rite nui rite i hoatu e ia. I waenganui i te whakamahana me te regenerator pouaka kei - he kōhao ki tonu ki te rauemi hau e homai atu te wera. I roto i te regenerator rere whakamuri hoki reira.

hono pūnaha propellant te ki te kōkeke te kōpeke te hau i roto i te matao, me te tuku ki te whakawhānui i te wera. Na roto i te kōpeketanga i te pāmahana o raro te mahi whai hua. Rere ana te pūnaha katoa huringa e wha ki te nekehanga taratahi. Ratchet tikanga kupu whakarite tonu. Na reira, e kore e koi rohe i waenganui i nga wāhanga o te huringa kitea, a kahore e te tōtika pūkaha Stirling whakaiti.

Whakaaro i te runga ake, te mutunga ko e te pūkaha ko te pūkaha kōkeke ki te supply wera waho, ai kore e te inu mahi waiho te wāhi kopakia ana a kahore e whakakapi. pai Stirling engine tuhinga whakaatu te pūrere me tona parau tumu whakahaere.

taipitopito o te mahi

Sun, hiko, pūngao karihi tetahi atu puna wera e taea tuku pūngao ki te pūkaha Stirling ranei. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o tona tinana i roto i te whakamahi o te haumāmā, hauwai, rangi ranei. huringa waiariki Perfect kua te tōtika mōrahi ka taea o i toru ki te wha tekau ōrau. Otiia ki te regenerator whai hua e taea te mahi i te reira, a ki te pai teitei. whakarato hanga houtanga, whakawera me te wera tautauā moni, kahore he hinu mahi. Me kï reira e hiahia iti rawa te hinu pūkaha. Te pēhanga toharite i roto i te puoto ko te tikanga i te 10 ki te 20 MPa. Na reira, e titau te reira i te pūnaha taatiraa pai, me te taea o te hinu tomo te ruma mahi.

āhuatanga whakataurite

Te nuinga kaimahi engines tenei ra o tenei momo te whakamahi i wahie wai. Ko te kupu pēhanga tonu ngāwari te mana, ai te whakaiti tukunga. Ko te ngaro o mapuni whakarato mahi ata. Ko te mana o papatipu engine rite ki turbocharging, te mana motuhake whiwhi i te putanga, ko te rite ki te taupū o te wae diesel. Te tere me te te taipana he motuhake o ia atu.

Ko te utu o te hanga pūkaha he nui ki runga ake i te pūkaha ngingiha ā-. Otiia tahuri te reira i roto i te auau whakamuri i roto i te mahi.

painga

He maha ngā painga tetahi tauira o te pūkaha Stirling:

• Te kaha i hoahoa hou e taea e ki runga ki te whitu tekau ōrau.
• I roto i te pūkaha i pūnaha pātīmata nui, he huri kawau, me te mapuni. e kore e hiahia ana te reira ki te kia whakaritea i roto i te wā katoa o te mahi.
• e kore e Stirling i te pahūtanga i roto i te pūkaha parariraa ā-, i te mea he kawenga taimaha i runga i te kawau hake, ahunga, me te tūhono tokotoko.
• Ka rite ratou kahore e whai i taua pānga, ka mea e "e kinakitia te pūkaha."
• Ngā mihi ki tona tapatahi te pūrere taea te whakahaeretia hoki te wa roa.
• Ka taea e rere ki runga ki te rakau, me te karihi, me tetahi atu momo o te wahie.
• Te tahu e wahi i waho o te nekeneke.

hapehape

• Ko te ngoikoretanga matua o te hoahoa ko tona kohi o rauemi.
• Ko te wai te mahi ki te kia matao, no te mea o te mea te āhuatanga e nui nui haere.
• Hoki ICE ki rite āhuatanga e tika ana ki te whakamahi i te pēhanga teitei.
• Na roto i te mahi i te wera tinana tukua te roto i te taiepa o te exchanger wera, i roto i nei te iti kawe ia ngāwhā.
• Hei huri i te mana pūkaha, te huri i te rōrahi o te tank papare, te pēhanga toharite o te wai mahi, te koki wāhanga i waenganui i te displacer me kōkeke.

tono

I tēnei wā, ko te pūkaha generator Stirling whakamahia i roto i te mara maha. Ko te puna pūkenga o te pūngao hiko i roto i refrigerators, papua, submarines me otaota mana solar. Ko reira i roto i te whakamahi o ngā momo o te wahie i reira ko te taea o tona whakamahi whānui.

fanauraa

timata ano ēnei engines ki te tupu whakawhetai ki Philips. I roto i te waenganui o te rautau rua tekau kua hainatia reira he kawenata General Motors. arahina ia te whanaketanga o Stirling mō te whakamahi i roto i te wāhi me te whakaaro raro, kaipuke me waka. I muri ratou i te tahi atu kamupene i Sweden, United Stirling, ka whai wāhi i roto i to ratou whanaketanga, tae atu i te whakamahi taea i roto i waka pāhihi.

whakamahia teie mahana rārangi Stirling engine te i runga i tāuta subsea, rangi me ngā pūrere solar. O meinga nui moni ki reira te tika ki te hāngaitanga o te take o te kinonga taiao, me te mana haruru. I roto i Canada me te United States, Tiamana ko France, a Japan kaha e rapu ana ki te whakawhanake me te whakapai ake i tona whakamahi.

te heke mai

painga mahino e he kōkeke me te pūkaha hurihuri o te Stirling arā i roto i te ora mahi roa, te whakamahi o te kora rerekē, haruru iti me te tāoke iti, hanga ana e ia he pūkaha ngingiha ā-rawa whaihua mō te papamuri. Heoi, homai te meka e ki te pūkaha ngingiha ā-i nga wa katoa te whakapai ake, e taea kore te ngāwari tukunga reira. Heoi, ko te pūkaha noho i tenei ra i te tūranga ārahi tenei, a tango ratou i roto i te heke mai tata e kore e mea ana ki te.