Pedology - ko ki matau te ariā o ...

Pedology - ko te pūtaiao, te whakakotahi i nga huarahi o te rongoā, koiora, ako me te psycho-tikanga ki te whanaketanga o te tamaiti. Ahakoa he tawhito te wā, me te kua riro te hōputu o te hinengaro tamaiti, tikanga pedological ao o kukume whakarongo kore anake pūtaiao, engari ano hoki ki te iwi i waho o te ao pūtaiao.

kōrero

tīmata hītori Pedology i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. Ko tōna putanga nuinga wāhi ki te whanaketanga kaha o manga tono o ako whakamātautau me te hinengaro. Ngā o huarahi taua kikokiko-whaiaroaro, me te koiora puta i roto i te paedology mihini. More ïa, i mangai reira e te matatini, ako whānui o te whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki, me ō rātou whanonga.

Ko te wā "pedology" i whakaurua e te American pūtaiao-kairangahau Krismanom Oscar i 1853. Ko te whakamāramatanga Kariki rite "te pūtaiao o te tamariki" (Pedos - tamaiti, logos - pūtaiao, ako).

hikuwai

mahi Ko te tuatahi i runga i pedology i tuhituhia e American kaimātai hinengaro GS Hall, J .. Baldwin me physiologist W. inoi. tu ratou i te takenga mai o te hinengaro whanaketanga a huihuia te taonga nui o te raraunga tëtehi i runga i te whanaketanga me te whanonga o ngā tamariki. i orurehau ratou mahi i roto i te ara maha, me te hanga i te pūtake o te tamaiti, me te hinengaro whanaketanga.

I roto i Russia

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, ngoto he nāianei pūtaiao hou ki Russia (ka te USSR) ka riro te Pāoa tika i roto i te tākuta mahi me reflexology VM Spondylitis, hinengaro AP Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana Pathologists me GI Rossolimo. Kua tamata ia o ratou i te viivii ore o ratou tikanga ki te whakamārama me te whakatakoto i te ture o te whanaketanga me te tikanga o tona ako tamaiti.

Pedology i roto i Russia riro hōkai mahi: ngā whare pedological whakatuwheratia me "o tamariki Whare" (Moscow), he maha o ngā akoranga motuhake. Ko te kura whakamātautau hinengaro, nga hua o nei puta akomanga o taputapu whakahaere. Ko te ako o te hinengaro tamaiti hono i ārahi kaimātai hinengaro, physiologists, tākuta me ngā kaiako o te whenua. I meatia tenei katoa ki te whāinga o te ako whānui o te whanaketanga tamaiti. Heoi, e kore te he taua mahi ohie rawa whakatika nga tikanga.

E te 20 th tau i roto i te pedology Russian - tenei kaupapa pūtaiao nui, engari e kore te pūtaiao matatini. Ko te fifi matua mo te kōtuitui o te matauranga o te tamaiti ko te kore o te tātaritanga tuatahi o nga tikanga o te pūtaiao, kia ake tenei matatini.

hapa

Ko te hape matua o nga pedologists Soviet whakaaro he underestimation o te tūranga o ngā āhuatanga tuku i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki, me o ratou mana i roto i auaha i te tuakiri o te taiao pāpori. I roto i te āhuatanga mahi ki te blunders pūtaiao ngā te takikupu me te whakamahi o ngā whakamātautau maramarama.

I roto i te 30raa kua āta fakatonutonu hē katoa me te pedology Soviet timata o te ara māia ake me whai kiko. Heoi, i roto i te tau 1936 ka noho ia hei he "tupurangi-pūtaiao", pūnaha tōrangapū whakarihariha. Ko te ngā pāhoro takai, katia taiwhanga pedological. Testing Ko te tikanga matua o te pedological, ko reira whakaraerae i roto i te mahi mātauranga. Mai tahuri atu nga hua o te nuinga o nga tamariki ki te kia tukuna tohunga, Whites me "pirau" intelligentsia, kaua ki te o te ënei whenua. A kihai i reira hototahi ki te Māoritanga rōpū. Na hoki ana te whakatairanga i ngā tamariki ki te puka tuku iho, i arahina ki te stagnation i roto i te pūnaha mātauranga.

Ko te mau parau tumu o te pedology

tuku etahi hua whanaketanga o pedology i Russia, i hanga e te reira i te mau parau tumu pūtaiao taketake:

• Pedology - he mōhiotanga katoa o te tamaiti. Mai i tenei tūranga, kua whakaaro te reira e kore "harangotengote", me i whānui, i te wa ano e rite ana te hanga o koiora, pāpori, hinengaro, me ētahi atu kei te honohono me te tu'ati ki ia atu āhuatanga katoa o tona ako. Otiia e kore e he te tìrango i tika o ngā raraunga, me te haaputuraa o tika pūnaha me ngā tikanga ariā tenei.
• Tētahi atu rohe, ko te parau tumu ira pedologists. Kei te kaha ako reira kaimātai hinengaro LS Vygotsky. I runga i te tauira o te kupu siokita na'e o te tamaiti ( "tangi tango kupu"), whakamatauria ia e sophomoric ranei "e korerorero ana i raro i tona manawa," Ko te wā tuatahi o te kupu ā-whakaaro tangata ranei. whakaatu parau tumu iranga te nuinga o te āhuatanga.
• Ko te parau tumu tuatoru - te ako o te tamarikitanga - ki te whakamatau e te taiao pāpori me te ora nui whakaawe i te whanaketanga hinengaro o te tamaiti, me te anthropomorphic. Na, te tau'a ore pakeke o te mātauranga ranei, pā pohokore te hauora hinengaro, me te whaiaroaro o te tamaiti.
• Ko te tuawha parau tumu ko te hiranga mahi o pedology - te whakawhitinga i te ao o te ako ki te huri i te reira i te tamaiti. I roto i tenei hononga i hanga reira kōrero pedological, kōrero ki ngā mātua, te tātaritanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki.

Pedology - he pūtaiao matatini, na hāngai ōna mātāpono e i runga i te ako whānui o te tamaiti. Psychology me pedology roa kua tāutuhia ki ia atu, te putanga tuarua o te wā tuatahi. Na reira, tino i roto i te pedology tavini tonu te āhuatanga hinengaro.

Mai te 50s timata te whakaaro o wāhanga pedology ki te hoki ki te ariā whakaakoranga me te hinengaro. A 20 matahiti i muri timata reira he mahi mātauranga kaha te whakamahi i te whakamātautau i runga i te whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki.