Pau āpiha anticholinesterase. He aha te mea anticholinesterases?

i runga i neurons whakaratohia ngātere tuku e matū motuhake - kaitakawaenga. Ko tētahi o te neurotransmitter he acetylcholine. Ēnei āpiha, i ki nga synapses, pā te kiriuhi pūtau meinga ratou inhibition whakaongaonga ranei me meinga ngā pānga. Ko te neurotransmitter te taikaha piri e te whākōkī motuhake.

raau taero Anticholinesterase: āhuatanga me ngā take

E te raau taero anticholinesterase ko te hunga e tautāwhi i te cholinesterase whākōkī. Tenei piri whākōkī i te tauhohenga wai o te acetylcholine neurotransmitter, e whakawhiti ngātere i roto i te hema i taua synapses raru parasympathetic, ganglia, a i roto i muka somatic katoa. Kua hoahoatia anticholinesterases ki te whakarei ake mahi-a o neurons acetylcholine, me te whakaongaonga o etahi wahi o te pūnaha io. Ko te whakamahi o enei taero he pānga i runga i te rauropi katoa.

anticholinesterases Mahi He rite ki te pānga o te whakaongaonga o raru cholinergic. Enei taero taunekeneke ki te pae taua i runga i te mahi mata receptor rite acetylcholine, ai te hanga i tētahi pūmanawa mahi o te whakamutunga karere. Cholinomimetics me āpiha anticholinesterase e, i roto i te meka, te taua rōpū o matū pharmacological. He maha ngā momo o te raau taero e rerekē i roto i to ratou hanganga matū me te ànui o mahi. E wehea blockers Cholinesterase ki reversible me tina heke.

Tikanga he mahi reversible

Anticholinesterases - teuteu mahi reversible ko o te hanganga matū o ngā hākawa waikawa carbamic me ngā aminoalcohols. Tauhohenga wae ārai cholinesterase, riro te reira hopea waikawa, e whakau ana te paru ki te rāpoi ngota nui atu eu kōrero atu i i hanga nei e te pāhekoheko ki acetylcholine. puta Complete whakangaromanga o tenei pūhui e paparetanga mō te 3-4 haora.

Na roto o te pānga anticholinesterase reversible e "galantamine", "physostigmine", "Neostigmine" (ranei "Neostigmine"), "pyridostigmine," "oksazil", "rivastigmine", "edrophonium."

I roto i te phosphorous - he mahi tina heke taonga

Formulations mahi tina heke o tenei rōpū ko te pūhui organophosphorus. Ēnei matū tautāwhi i acetylcholinesterase mo te wa roa. Phosphorus, i te mea i roto i te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota hanga he pūhui pūmau ki te paru, e taea ora i roto i te tinana mo te maha o nga ra i ranei ara wiki. Whakaora hiahiatia nui acetylcholinesterase puta i roto i te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota hou. Tenei rōpū o pūhui ngā "phosphacol", "Armin", "trichlorfon", "Malathion", "dichlorvos" matū paitini, whakamahia i roto i te akoranga o ngā mahi hōia - sarin me Soman.

He tino paitini raau taero Organophosphate. Kei te maha whakamahia ratou i roto i te ora ia rā rite insecticides; taea paihana i ratou whakamahi hē, me te te haapa'oraa-kore o mehua haumaru.

Pānga anticholinesterase taero

I te tetahi rite i waenganui i nga pānga e hua nga anticholinesterases tinana, he motuhake tohu mo ia o ratou. Hei whakaaro he pānga mahi ka whakahaere ki te kēne tinana mo te tauira, "neostigmine".

"Neostigmine" he wātea i roto i ampoules i te puka o te 0.05% otinga me te subcutaneously patia e pâmuhia ranei. No te patia i roto i te toto whakahaere reira te wahi o ngātere i roto i te tuku uauaio me te ganglia o te pūnaha io autonomic. whakakitea huru o te manawanui ko e whai ake:

• e tika ana ki te hukihuki uaua porohita o te iris whāiti akonga te;
• puta spasm o noho, riro te arotahi te āhua koropuku tika ki te whakangā Zinn kua whakatakotoria paihere o arotahi ki te tawhiti tata, te kaha ki te wehewehe taonga tawhiti te matemate iti;
• heke auau ngakau;
• faarahi te reo o uaua maeneene o whekau - romahā wahi, puku me te paru, kōpū, tōngāmimi;
• whakarei contractions uaua kōhiwi tika ki te ake wahi o ponana i synapses;
• nui haere secretion o repe exocrine - werawera, salivary, arahau, pekitīlia.

tono

He haepapa mo te whakamahi o tenei rōpū o raau taero i roto i te rongoā i roto i te wā rerekē ēnei pānga. e kore te āpiha Tuhinga anticholinesterase iti ki mate motuhake, mai to ratou he pānga i runga i te pūnaha io pokapū, me te piringa, meinga te pānga whānui i runga i te rauropi katoa. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakaritea e ratou i roto i te ofatiraa o te innervation me te āhua o te uaua kōhiwi maeneene ranei.

A feruri i te taea o te maimoatanga ki āpiha anticholinesterase taea e te tauira o "neostigmine". Tenei rongoā Ko te mahi reversible tono i roto i te myasthenia - he mate autoimmune, kitea nei i roto i te ngoikore o nga uaua kōhiwi. faaite te mate ano i te tuatahi heke reo uaua kanohi, ka te vaivai o uaua i roto i te topito kaki, i runga, me te raro; i roto i ngā take kino, kore romahā tika ki te mahi takarepa o te HWM. "Neostigmine" mahi symptomatic i runga i te tinana, te whakaora i te tuku o ponana ki te tuku uauaio, te whakapai ake uaua āhua me te mahi nekeneke whakahaerehia te.

Ano hoki, i homai tenei raau i roto i te wā postoperative ka te wahi kūnatu atony o te tōngāmimi mimi ranei. I roto i te Ophthalmology te uaua tohua reira mo te papahewa ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga intraocular. Ka rite ki te whakamahia te enemi i roto i te tuwhena rawa o relaxants uaua me taero antidepolyarizuyuschego mahi. He wā "Neostigmine" Kei te whakamahia ki te whakaongaonga contractions uaua ki te ngoikore mahi.

mate Alzheimer

Teuteu mahi reversible kua whakamahia hoki mate o te pūnaha io pokapū, he uaua ki te hamani. whakaritea te mate o Alzheimer te "galantamine" - he pāhare whiwhi i te kūmara o snowdrops atawhai Galantus ( "Rivastigmine", aka "Exelon"), engari ka te tino therapeutically whai hua "donepezil", e tīpakongia poraka te acetylcholinesterase i roto i synapses roro, me te tata kore e pā ona pūnaha io piringa.

contraindications

I runga anō i te pānga o te raau taero cholinesterase mahi reversible, contraindications ki to ratou ūnga he haurangi, huangō, pectoris angina, mate a Parkinson me ngā disorders o te pūnaha kawenga cardiac.

Tohu o te tuwhena rawa, me te paihana mamae ana

Pau anticholinesterases homai tohu tika e pā ana ki whakaongaonga nui o receptors tairongo ki acetylcholine. kitea Pupillary, tērā i te auau ngakau (bradycardia), spasm arahau me - no reira - wahi gastrointestinal tohu dyspnea hyperperistalsis noa ruaki me te korere, urination auau. Āta heke te pēhanga toto rite te putanga o te pānga braking o te karere vagal. Puta contractions huru, me te tākiri uaua kōhiwi, me te arero e tika ana ki disorders āriponga i te tuku uauaio.

pau FOS

Ingestion o Organophosphorus pūhui meinga he pikitia haumanu rite ki nga āpiha poisoning reversible mahi anticholinesterase. kia puta tohumate anaanaraa e tika ana ki te tāoke teitei o taero. Hoki tohu o paihana i te taumata somatic e tapiritia ki te pānga i runga i te taumata pūnaha io pokapū - whakama, disorientation, whārua romahā.

Organophosphorus pūhui meinga he cramps koi, kite te peroo, dyspnea, sweating, ruaki kino, mamae - tīmata te manawanui ki te mataku, riro te reira he whakatoi,. No te mea o te spasm uaua maeneene ite te mamae koi i roto i tona kopu. A, no te puta ino cramps, taka te pēhanga toto, whakawhanake pōroa. kia puta te mate e tika ana ki te pāpāngia o te pokapū romahā.

E kitea tohu rite i roto i te wā o te pau Amanita muscaria. He tika ki to ratou ihirangi o muscarinic tenei - paihana ki te mahi cholinomimetic.

Mahi i roto i te take o te paihana

tiaki Medical i roto i te take o te paihana ki āpiha anticholinesterase taea whai te mātanga anake. I roto i enei take, whakaurua te otinga ko "Atropine" he ka taea werohia subcutaneous ki tautapa "Metacin" ranei te tahi atu anticholinergics. He mea tika ki te mau tonu manawa i te taumata e tika ana. Ka taea te whakamahi tracheotomy, ventilation mīhini me te oxygenation.

A, no te tāutu i ngā FOS poisoning whare te puna o te wai tomo te tinana. Ki te mea kua huri te taonga i roto i te kiri, kei te horoi i te reira 3-5 otinga% houra ki te wai, me te hopi ranei. I roto i te take i reira i te raau taero i ingested, te kawe i roto i lavage pekitīlia, enemas maha, hoatu adsorbents laxatives ranei. Ki te i te pūhui organophosphorus kua wā ki te taka ki te whānuitanga nui ki te bloodstream, kua whakaritea diurez te whakamahi i taero diuretic. I roto i ētahi wā, huihui ki ngā tikanga o tātari te toto na roto i te tātari toto me te hemosorption.

I tua atu, i roto i te take o te pau FOS whakaritea cholinesterase Reaktivatory, e ka whakahaere i roto i te torutoru haora tuatahi i muri i te haurangi e taea whakahokia whākōkī āraia. pea te reira "Izonitrozin", "Trimedoksim", "Dipiroksim". Ki te he nui pēhanga toto, symptomatically whakaritea taero antihypertensive. Ko te tino hiahia ki te hunga e kore e e pā i te pūnaha io pokapū. Ki te vaivai o te manawa noa ko te ventilation hangarau, me te hoatu hāora.