Oles Honchar - kaituhi Soviet Ukrainian

I muri i te parariraa o te iwi Soviet Union tīmata ki te titiro rerekē i to ratou ahurea me te tuhinga, e ngana ana ki te feruri i roto i te mea mahi i te wā Soviet ko he faahiahia, me taua whakatö noa i whakaritea. No te mea o tenei, he tokomaha nui kaituhi Soviet kua he wareware. I roto ia ratou, te kaituhi o ngā pukapuka rongonui i roto i te Heoi Oles Gonchar.

tau wawe

Wāhi o te kaituhi Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar i 1918 ki. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk rohe. I whanau, whanau te ingoa o Bilichenko.

I muri i te matenga o te whaea o Tatiana - ko papaki toru nga tau o te tamaiti - no te mea o te hononga uaua ki tona papa, me tana wahine hou Frosya taitama Sasha haere ki te ora ki tana koroua me te kuia whaea i roto i te kainga o Suha, e te maha hetia whakaaro te wahi o tona whanautanga. Grandparents tata whakakapi papa me te whaea o te tamaiti, a ka hoatu tana mokopuna ki te kura, tuhia reira i raro i tona ake ingoa - Gonchar.

A, no te tupu ake o te tamaiti, a haere ana ki te kura, ka mau tona mātauranga ake tona matua keke Yakov Gavrilovich, e riro te kaiwhakahaere o te wheketere rohe. Ngā mihi ki tenei tūranga, i ia atu whai wāhitanga ki te roto i iramutu atu ki ngaahi kuí. Na reira, me ki oho whānau matua keke o te tamaiti i roto i ki. Khorishko. I ako i te kura rohe, ka haere ia i raro i te mana o te kaiako o te reo Iukereiniana me tuhinga. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ia e he hiahia i roto i tuhinga te kaituhi heke mai, a ka riro mai te īngoa "Oles". Ko te take i ko te kaiako admirer o pehe Ukrainian Oleksandr Oles me te haere i runga i ki tona tauira. E rave rahi matahiti i muri mai, i roto i tona pūrākau "Te Cathedral", hanga te kaituhi i te pūāhua tuhituhi atu ki tona kaiwhakaako tino.

Nā ki neke whitu nga tau puta matua keke Hakopa Alexander i te kainga Breusovke. I roto i tenei wā, kei te ngana ia ki te tuhituhi i to ratou ake mongamonga me tuhinga, whakawhetai ki tenei taata i muri kitea kura he mahi i roto i te tari ētita o te nūpepa ā-rohe, me te i muri i - i roto i te rohe. I roto i te whakarara ki te mahi o te kaihanga rihi i roto i nūpepa pa kāreti o Kharkiv. I muri i tu'ite, timata Alexander ki te mahi rite te kaiako i roto i te kainga Manuylovke. I te wa ano tīmata ia ki te whakaputa i ana kōrero tuatahi i roto i te putanga Iukereiniana o te "Pioneer", "Literary Gazette", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" me etahi atu.

I roto i te 1938, ka Oles Gonchar te ākonga i Kharkov University Faculty o philology. I reira tonu ia ki te tuhituhi kōrero poto me pakimaero, engari na ako i te hari kihai i muri roa. Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui me Oles, e tape'ai ana akoranga, tūao ia mo te mua.

I roto i te whawhai, e kore a Gonchar noa te mahi tuhituhi, ahakoa i ētahi wā i tuhituhi ia whiti, ka tangohia ana tuhipoka, e kua whakamahia i muri i roto i ona kōrero me pūrākau e pā ana ki te whawhai, ngā i roto i te huinga toru "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav tata rima tau, ka i roto i te whakarau, me te kowhetetia toru mētara mō te toa me te Order o te Whero Star tetahi, i roto i 1945 hoki te kaituhi kāinga. I roto i te whawhai, i mate tona papa, ka rua hawhe-teina, me te maha atu hoa me i mohio. Heoi, ka hoki te kaituhi ki te mua i roto i te kotahi wahi. Tona "waimarie", faataa tonu ia e tona tupuna, me te mea he wahine hohonu fakalotu inoi mo tona mokopuna. Potter ia i iriiria rite te tamaiti, a ka whakapono ano i roto i te Atua, haunga, ia ki te faatura nui mo te temepara tawhito a ko te hoariri pūmau o ratou whakangaromanga panoni ranei ki te ruma. I muri mai, e whakaara ia tenei take i roto i tona pūrākau tino rongonui, inaianei te "Cathedral".

Ko te timatanga o te mahi tuhituhi

Hoki mai i te whawhai, oho Oles Gonchar ki Kiev, a tomo te whare wānanga rohe, haere tonu i haukotia tona whakangungu i te whawhai. I roto i te whakarara, e hāngai ana i runga i te mau haamana'oraa tonu hou me ngā kōrero hōia tuhituhi ia, ka whakaputaina e rave rahi pakimaero, a ka tango i runga i te mahi atu nui-unahi - te tuhi tona pūrākau tuatahi e pā ana ki te "māeroero" (te wahi tuatahi o te huinga toru "Znamenonostsy") whawhai, i whakaputaina i roto i te 1946 i roto i te kotahi o makasini tuhituhi motu. Ko te tuku o te tuatahi Romana Gonchara ke tona ora. I hanga e ia nga whakamarama tuhituhi o te wa ki te whakarongo ki te taranata hou i roto i te tuhinga Russian. Ko te kupu, ko te ariki e mōhiotia ana o Ukrainian tuhinga Soviet Yuri Yanovsky whakamoemiti mahi a te kaituhi taitamariki, ka faaoti ki te tango i a ia i raro i tona parirau. Na reira, i muri i te angitu o "Alps" titau manihini ia whakangaueuetia Potter ki Kiev ki te haere kura puta, me te haere tonu te mahi i runga i ngā pukapuka hou.

āhukahuka

I roto i te rua tau i muri mai whakaputa Oles Gonchar tuarua, me te tuatoru o nga pūrākau i roto i te raupapa "Znamenonostsy": "Ko e Blue Tanupi" me "Golden Prague", a kahore ano e wareware e pā ana ki te tuhi iti. Huinga toru "Znamenonostsy" te kaituhi hopoi rongonui nui i roto i te Ukrainian Soviet pāpori Republic kore anake, engari ano hoki puta noa i te whenua. Hoki tenei kaituhi, ka whai i te huringa e rua Stalin Taonga me te riro angitu, ka mohio, ki te tona pai lau me te iwi mau, me pūkenga.

Heoi, e kore i te pahua te rongo ohorere Gonchar, ahakoa te rongonui, tonu ia ki te tuhituhi. Heoi, i muri i te huinga toru, te kaituhi te nuinga e pā ana ki te pakiwaitara poto, me te whakaputa kōrero e pā ana ki te ora hōia.

I roto i te rima tekau, i muri i te pūrākau Honchar "Kia whaka te rama" nekehia te kiriata āhuatanga "te Te Tamahine ki te rama" i roto i te tau e haere ake i runga i tetahi o ana pukapuka kopere i tetahi atu kiriata - "korakora Guerrilla".

I roto i te wā kotahi, dilogii Oles Gonchar mahi i runga i te mau ohipa hou i roto i te tonga o Ukraine. Ko tōna mema ngā te pūrākau "Tavria" me "poutiro". Kia aroha mai, e kore ratou i riro rite rongonui rite "Znamenonostsy" me te kōrero kaituhi poto. Heoi, i roto i enei pakimaero, tīmata te kaituhi ki te āta neke atu i tono hōia, me te ake hiahia i roto i te tumu parau o te ora rangimarie o te iwi noa. Pea no te mea o te nganatanga ki te huri i te kaupapa o te raupapa kiriata auaha kihai i haere mai rite angitu rite wawe pukapuka. Ahakoa te whakautu, kaua ki makariri i roto i te 1959 "Tavria" i kiriata, ka hāngai ki runga ki te pukapuka o te taua ingoa i hanga ballets ki waiata e Vladimir Nakhabino.

I tua atu ki te mahi tuhituhi i roto i nga rima tekau Potter me nūpepa whai wāhi, me kua haere ngā puta noa i te ao. Ko te päoka o tenei tekau tau mo ki a ia hei tiamana pōtitia o te Union o Writers o Ukraine, me te te hēkeretari o te Uniana o Soviet Writers.

Ko te Heoi

I roto i te tekau tau i muri arotahi Oles Gonchar i te ora haukāinga, me ona peculiarities. Ko te kaha tona taranata rahi o te kaituhi o te kore ki te kite i te kōrero, me te waihanga i tētahi kanapa, whakapakoko whaiāipo i roto i te papamuri o ngā rā o te ora rā. Na reira pūrākau Potter i roto i tenei wā e kore e iti iho te angitu i te tona huinga toru tuatahi.

I roto i te 1960, whakaputa te kaituhi te pūrākau "tangata me patu", e whakaatu ana āhuatanga hou te taranata o te kaituhi o. Hoki tenei pūrākau riro Potter te toa tuatahi o te Taras Shevchenko Republican paraihe. Ahakoa ko tenei mahi he faahiahia me te taumata i roto i te mahi o te kaituhi, ki waho te porohita o te whiriwhiri tuhituhi Ukrainian, kihai i rite ki fakahounga'i reira me rongonui rite tahi atu mahi o Potter. Heoi, ko tino tata te kaituhi ia kaupapa "te tangata me patu", na roto i kotahi tekau nga tau e hoki mai ia ki a ia i roto i-tonu pūrākau "Huripari". Ko te kaupapa o tenei mahi te nuinga Inaki ki te mahi o tona kaituhi kaiako tino Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Tētahi atu hanga nui Gonchar i te Heoi ka he pūrākau i roto i ngā kōrero poto "Tronka". Ua tauturu Ko tōna angitu te kaituhi e kore anake ano riro rongonui puta noa i te Soviet Union, engari ano hoki ki te riro i te Lenin paraihe. Ko reira taa'eraa e te moni katoa e haere tahi tenei tohu, Oles noa takoha ki te whanaketanga o whare pukapuka. He tau torutoru i muri i hanga te pūrākau ki te kiriata.

Pūrākau Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" me te tutukitanga a tawhio noa ia

Ano whakamatau angitu, faaoti te kaituhi ki te tuhituhi i te pūrākau "Te Cathedral".

I roto i te huarahi o te koero me te ö o uara, kano mai tamarikitanga, tamata te kaituhi ki te tuhituhi e pā ana ki mo te wa roa mō te ia ngā kaupapa - varua. Ahakoa tona mahi angitu, uru Potter e kua tonu ia te tangata karakia, e wāriutia ka whakaaro iho, me ngā whakapono Karaitiana. I muri i te whawhai, ka noho tata Dnepropetrovsk te kaituhi, ona huarahi ko te Tokotoru Cathedral, hanga i roto i te wa o nga Cossacks o te tikanga tawhito, i waho te whakamahi o whao. He tohu i te pae varua e kore anake, engari ano hoki he tohu hoahoanga, he rawa nui mo te kāinga i tēnei karakia. A ka, e tika ana ki te ravea o te mana ā-rohe e faaere te reira i te taitara o te mātanga hītori me kawe, pato'i te iwi. pa tenei kōrero i te kaituhi, a ka tuhituhi ia i tenei pūrākau, whakaputaina i roto i 1968 i roto i te "fatherland" makasini. Kua mohio kaipānui me fakaangá mauruuru Ukrainian kaituhi Soviet tenei mahi. Ko te hoa tata o Brezhnev, te hēkeretari tuatahi o te komiti ā-rohe Vatchenko, te tai'oraa i te pūrākau, whakapae e tāruatia te matua kino tona huru i ia. Na ka mau ia ki te painga o ana hononga, a ka te kanga tānga atu o te pūrākau, te aukati o tona translation ki te reo Russian, me te tetahi whakahua o te reira i roto i te press. kihai i tauturu te reira e kore te inoi o whakamarama tuhituhi, e kore he pukapuka tuwhera ki te niupepa "Pravda".

kanga u'ana "Cathedral" pūrākau takiwa kua meinga he ahua o te whakakōkī, meinga maha kaimahi ki te whawhai ki te tuhinga Iukereiniana o totalitarianism i te tuhinga. I tua atu, i te tutukitanga a tawhio noa tenei pūrākau, whakamoemiti te kaituhi mo te katoa Soviet Union. Ki te rā, i tēnei pukapuka ko te mahi tino rongonui o te kaituhi, e kore ahakoa te kaha tino.

mahi Late

Ahakoa te wheako kawa ki te "Cathedral", kihai i Oles Gonchar hoatu ki runga, ka tonu ki te tuhituhi. Ki tona oaoa, te huru tōraro o te mana uesia anake tona "tamaiti", te kaituhi i toe ma ia. tonu tona mahi i muri mai ki te whakaputa i roto i te rua tekau tau i muri mai kua hoatu ki runga ki mata e toru o ana mahi. I muri i te "Cathedral" tuhituhi Potter wha pakimaero, e rave rahi mau aamu poto, kua tukuna he kohinga o ngā kōrero poto "Ko te ahi tawhiti" me te pukapuka o ngā rotarota o te tau whawhai, "irava raina-mua." I tua atu, i roto i enei tau riro te kaituhi i te whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i te kaupapa dissident i roto i Ukraine, a mo te ki raruraru pāpori. I te tau 1987 tīmataria e ia te hanga o te kaituhi Ukrainian Cultural Foundation. I roto i te 1990, rihaina ia i te Party Communist.

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union kore i mātātoa te aro atu i te kuao kaituhi i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū me te pāpori, tuhituhi - nui iti. I roto i enei tau, whakaputaina ana e ia he pukapuka o tuhinga roa, i faaite tona whakaaro e pā ana ki te heke mai o ratou whenua - "He aha ta tatou e ora. I te ara whakaoranga Ukrainian ".

I roto i te 1995 kua riro Olesya Gonchara. E ono nga tau i muri mai whakatuwheratia he tohu Gonchar i roto i Kiev. I te 2005 i te Rīpeka ia te Hero taitara o Ukraine. I roto i te honore o te kaituhi, ko ara i roto i te ono nga pa nui o Ukraine, kotahi park, wha whare pukapuka, te whare wānanga, me te maha o ngā kura. Ingoa Olesya Gonchara e toru paraihe tuhituhi, me te wha kāwanatanga karahipi mātauranga. I tua atu, s. Maroke, i tangohia e wahi kōhungahunga o te kaituhituhi, ko reira he whare taonga.

Oles Honchar - kaituhi taranata nui o, tona takoha ki tuhinga Russian, he pono mahu'inga Ukraine, Peraruhia me ētahi atu whenua. Heoi, e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te ora pāpori o tokomaha o ana mahi he kore rite hāngai rite i te wa o te tānga. I roto i tetahi take, i kite i te pukapuka o kore ko tenei kaituhi anake ki te kia maheni ki te ora o te iwi noa i roto i te nui Patriotic War me te wā he vahaataimi, engari ano ki te oaoa i noa te taranata kē o te kaituhituhi.