Muka waihanga. muka polyamide Synthetic

timata muka waihanga ki te kia hangaia industrially hua i roto i te 1938. I te kau, o nei i reira e kua rave rahi momo tatini. Hoki i te katoa o ratou i roto i te noa, ko e te rauemi tīmatanga e iti pūhui taimaha rāpoi ki waerau tahuri i te kōtuitanga matū. Tātau rewa nga waerau kawea faaineineraa whiwhi te roto o te niao pōtaka ranei otinga ranei. E hanga e ratou i te otinga ranei rewa, a ka anake e waiho i raro ratou ki oti.

momo

Tei runga i te āhuatanga e tohu i te hanganga o macromolecules, e te nuinga o wehea muka waihanga ki hetero me waro mekameka. ngā te mua te hunga i takea mai i waerau nei macromolecules atu atu i te waro, a he tahi atu āhuatanga reira - hauota, he whanariki, te hāora, me ētahi atu. Ko ētahi o ēnei pareaku, polyurethane, polyamide me polyurea. E āhuatanga Carbochain muka waihanga i roto i taua hanga ratou mekameka matua o ngota waro. Tenei rōpū ngā polyvinyl pūhaumāota, polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin, polyvinyl waipiro, me te hau köwhai-kei roto.

Waerau taviniraa ei pūtake mō te faaineineraa o te hetero-muka whiwhi e te polycondensation me te hua whakarewa te i te rewanga. Carbochain whiwhi e mekameka polymerization me he hanganga tikanga i rongoā, i roto i ngā take onge, i te rewanga. Ka taea e kite koe i etahi muka kotahi polyamide waihanga, i huaina siblon.

Te hanga me te Hoatu

He kupu, ano siblon hoki tokomaha ko te tangata ke oti, engari mua i runga i te pepa taea te kite ripa kakahu te acronym BBM, te heheu mai viscose weu uara tawhiti tiketike. Na ka whakaaro nga hua e e titiro tenei taitara tupukoso atu siblon e taea te pā ana ki nairona me Caproni. Ko te Production o tenei momo o muka waihanga i nga rakau, kia rite ki te kahore te reira i titiro mīharo.

āhuatanga

puta Siblon i roto i te tīmatanga o 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te reiaku ake. I roto i te taahiraa matamua, te faaineineraa o te rakau penupenu, kua taratahi reira i roto i te puka parakore. roto i te tau nui e i roto i tona miro - e pā ana ki 98%, engari no te mea o te muka miro, me tenei kahore kia miro pai. Na reira, i te whakamahia te rakau ki te whakaputa i penupenu, i roto i ngā softwood, kei ai reira 40-50%, me te toenga - ko te wāhanga faufaa. E hiahiatia ana ratou ki te pehea e o roto i te hanga o muka waihanga.

Ko te tukanga o te hanga

E hua muka waihanga i roto i ngā wāhanga. I te wā tuatahi te tukanga kōpiro, i roto i nei nga maramara rakau o te rauemi hira katoa whakawhitia ki te otinga, me ano hoki hua he rärangi o mekameka polymer roa i runga i whatiwhatinga motuhake. Noatia, i reira ko te utu e kore e anake o te wai wera, whakaputaina ngā tāpiritanga tauhohenga: houra me etahi. Anake tunu ki te tua o Ngā pūkawa whakarato te penupenu i te mea e tika ana mo te siblona production, mai i te mea iti iho poke.

A, no te te kē digested te penupenu, kua tonoa ai ki te bleaching, whakamaroke, me te pēhi i, a ka neke ki te wahi e hiahia ana koe i te reira - ko te hanga o te pepa, piataata, pepa, me te muka, e ko te hanga matua. He aha i muri tupu ki a ia?

aftertreatment

Ki te hiahiatia ki te whiwhi i te waihanga me te muka māori ko te tuatahi e tika ana ki te whakarite i tētahi otinga pōtaka. Ko te totoka i te mea uaua ki te tareka cellulose. Na reira, kei te nuinga o tahuri reira ki te waikawa Etera ditiougolnoy wai-wairewa. Ko te tino roa te tukanga o te hurihanga ki te taonga. Tuatahi te cellulose alkali wera, aru e te maimoatanga maroketanga, i roto i te otinga i te neke huānga faufaa. I muri takahuri papatipu mongamonga te a ka whakanohoia i roto i te ruma motuhake te wahi tīmata predsozrevanie - i reira ko te shortening o te rāpoi ngota cellulose e tata hawhe tika ki oxidative tuukinotanga. Next reira ko te tauhohenga o te cellulose alkali ki waro disulfide ki te whakarato i xanthate. Tenei papatipu o te paraoa pokepoke waikawa ditiougolnoy karaka-rite pūhākawa tīmata rauemi. ka karanga tenei otinga mo tona pokey te "viscose".

Next mai te filtration ki te tango i te poke whakamutunga. tukua rangi memeha te roto i te "effervescence"'Eta i vacuo. enei ngā mahi katoa arahi ki te meka e riro te xanthate rite te kuao honi - kōwhai me te stringy. I roto i tenei pōtaka he rite otinga.

whiwhi muka

I extruded te otinga i roto i te pūwenu. e kore e muka waihanga Artificial tika whatu i roto i te ara tuku iho. Ko te uaua tenei mahi ki te whakarite ki te pueru ohie e kia tika ki te mea e he reira he tukanga matū e taea ai milioni o awa o muka viscose wai ki te riro totoka. I runga i te rohe Russian o penupenu viscose whiwhi me te siblon. āhuatanga te momo tuarua o te muka me ngā wā i te hawhe kaha atu i te kotahi tuatahi, e ātete nui ki kawakore, rerekē kikokiko reira hygroscopicity tohu raro o te na'ina'iraa me pae. A siblona puta nga rerekētanga i roto i te tukanga o te hanga o te viscose me i te wa ka te coagulation pati i muri i te mate e tika "iwi" muka waihanga.

te tauturu matū

Hoki viscose ki te pati ki tonu i te waikawa pungatara. Ko te tikanga mo te whāwehe o Etere, ai te muka cellulose parakore. Ki te tika ki te whiwhi siblona pati i honoa konutea pākawa, hākawa wāhanga hydrolyzed o te whakarato i te tutukitanga, ka pena ka i roto i te kakawaea xanthate wäriu. Na te aha e homai? Ko te muka i reira i raro ki totoro me te hanga. A, no te he muka polymeric nga toenga o xanthate whiwhi hutia mekameka cellulose polymeric haere nga tuaka muka, kaua ki te tuu ratou matapōkeretia, rite he angamaheni mo viscose tikanga. I muri tuhi i te muka o muka kua tapahia ki shpatelki 2-10 mitamano i roto i te roa. kawea I muri i te torutoru ake ngā tukanga i roto i te pēhi i te muka ki pēre. rakau tana rawaka ki te whiwhi 500 kg o penupenu, whakaputaina nei i muka 400 kg siblona. kawea cellulose pōtaka te roto e pā ana ki e rua nga ra.

Aha ki te mahi ki te siblonom?

I roto i te eighties, e whakamahia enei muka waihanga rite tāpiritanga ki te miro ki te miro whatu pai, me te kore haea. Mai i siblona hanga tïpako i raro i te kiri horihori, me tona whakamahinga i roto i te hanga o te papa kiripaka. Na kihai i hiahia i roto i te hanga o te tahi mea hou nga Engineers, hiahiatia rite nui te muka rite taea mō te fakahoko.

I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru i te wā uara tawhiti nui muka viscose reiaku whakamahia ki te whakaputa i ngā papanga e rerekē i roto i te kaha me te cheapness whakaritea ki te miro, engari makuku pai whenumi me manawa. Na e kore e Russia noho te taonga o te rohe miro, na siblon tiketike tūmanako. Anake e kore te mea ano te tono mo taua mea rawa nui, kia rite ki papanga me te kakahu production kāinga ko inaianei tata te hoko kahore tetahi.

muka polymer

Kei te nuinga o wehea ratou ki tūturu, waihanga me te horihori. muka Natural Ko te hunga te whakamana i raro i ngā āhuatanga tūturu nei hanganga. Kei te nuinga o whakarōpūtia ratou i te take, e whakatau ratou hanganga matū i runga i te kararehe, me te huawhenua. Kei te tuatahi o te pūmua, ara Peta. Tenei hiraka me te huruhuru. ngā te whakamutunga o te cellulose, hemicellulose me te lignin.

E whiwhi muka waihanga Artificial i te tukatuka matū o waerau e te tīariari i roto i te natura. whakaae ratou ki te tāpia, reiaku, alginate me te pūmua muka. Ka rite ki rauemi raw mo ratou faaineineraa e Ivi rakau penupenu sulfite ranei. Tuku o muka waihanga hangaia i roto i te puka o te ngohengohe me te taura, ka rite ki te pai kia rite i roto i te puka o te muka tino tukatuka nei te tahi ki te tahi atu weu i roto i te tukanga ahumahi o ngā papanga.

muka polyamide waihanga whiwhi i waerau ahu āwenewene. Te feedstock whakamahia i roto i te tukanga taua nga muka polymeric i hanga i macromolecules rārangi ngāwari hanganga paku branched ranei he papatipu nui - neke atu i te 15,000 amu me te rawa kuiti tohatoha taimaha rāpoi. Tei runga i te momo o muka waihanga kia whai i te tohu tiketike o te kaha, te uara whanaunga nui ki te elongation, elasticity, ātete ki pikaunga maha, deformation iti wäriu me te ora tere i muri i tango o te kawenga. Ko te aha i roto i tua ki te whakamahi i roto i papanga kua whakamahia ratou rite te huānga whakapakari i te hanga o composites, a arahina ana e ia katoa ki te āhuatanga motuhake o muka waihanga.

mutunga

I roto i te tau torutoru mua taea te kite i te hua rawa on i roto i te maha o ngā whakatutukitanga i roto i te whanaketanga o muka hou waerau, i roto i ngā, para-aramid, polyethylene, wera-ātete, ngā, te hanganga o nei - te matua-anga, waerau heterocyclic, e ngā he momo o matūriki, hei tauira, hiriwa atu konganuku ranei. Na rauemi nairona - e kore te mea he engineering runga tenei, kia rite ki tenei i reira he he maha nui o muka hou.