Metrology: ruri, he mea ruri. tikanga Classification ine

Ka tamata matou i roto i tenei tuhinga ki te wetewete i tētahi huinga kiato o ngā kaupapa: metrology, Waeine e pā ana ki taua mea, ko te kāwanatanga pokapū metrological Russian, me te mea whanganga - ratou āhuatanga, momo, whakarōpū me te whakamahi. Kia tīmata a ki te kaupapa tuwhera tino noa - ka karanga pūtaiao metrology.

Metrology: whakamāramatanga, ngā whāinga, ture

Metrology, ruri, he mea ruri - tuati-ariā. Metrology (μέτρον Kariki tawhito + λόγος -. "Measure" + "pūtaiao") - te pūtaiao o pauna me mehua, ara te inenga, ona tikanga, me ngā taputapu ki te āwhina i whakarite i te kotahitanga me te tika o nga inenga.

Fundamentals o metrology whakaaro nga whāinga me ngā whāinga e whai ake nei:

• whanaketanga o te ariā kotahi o te inenga;
• pūnaha mātauranga o te maha o ngā wae tinana;
• Whanaketanga me te Waeine muri tikanga me ngā tikanga ine, ki tikanga whakatau ratou tika, wawata ki taurite me te whakakotahitanga;
• whakawhanake mārama paerewa pūnaha, ngā tauira inenga, e hāngai ana ki taimau tinana;
• ako o te pūnaha o pauna me mehua i roto i retrospect hītori.

Ko te ture taketake o te metrology e toru:

1. Tetahi inenga - tenei whakarite.
2. e kore e taea te whiwhi No raraunga ine, kahore te priori.
3. Hua o inenga, kahore tetahi uara whakaawhiwhi - tāupe tupurangi anake.

wāhanga metrology

Kei te wehea Pūtaiao ki te maha wāhanga:

• Ariā. hāngai Fundamentals o metrology e i runga i te ariā. Ko tēnei wāhanga tirohia te raruraru tino noa o inenga ine, me te tika whanake Tokāteliné ariā.
• Legislative. pūtaiao Social, e whakatau nga tikanga ture, me te hangarau e hiahiatia ana mo te whakamahi o ngā wae o tikanga ine me taputapu.
• Tono. Whakamātau, ringa-wāhanga metrology, te whakauru i te whanaketanga o te wāhanga ariā o te ora, me te pā ana ki pūmanawa metrology.
• Historical. Tirohia te wae ine mua, ratou haereraa i roto i te wa whakatau o ratou ingoa, i rite te pai rite te hononga ki te paerewa o pauna me mehua o hurihuri.
• ngā wāhi motuhake. Ko ētahi o ēnei metrology "motuhake" - hauora, matū, Aerospace, koiora (waeine koiora).

Waeine Metrology

He tino hononga Metrology me Waeine. Waeine i roto i tenei āhuatanga - nga ture whānui me motuhake o te tautoko metrological ki tahi te tukanga whakaputa. Ko te taonga ka pekanga katoa e pā ana ki te hua: tuhinga ture ki nga whakaritenga o ngā paerewa kounga o kātakí, me te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua taumata. I te wa ano e taea te tono paerewa whakawhanakehia ki te hinonga ngā kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te riro pāpori whai hua.

whāinga Waeine Metrology i te whai ake:

• Whakatau i o nga āhuatanga matua o te kounga o te hua tohutoro, te mea tuatahi ki te mahi i te mea wāhanga paerewa, me te rauemi raw.
• Ko te whanaketanga o ngā paearu motuhake mo te kounga o te hua hua e ka whakaritea e te tikanga o te mana metrological.
• Ko te hiahia mo te taurite o ngā hua.
• Te hanga pūnaha paerewa ki te whakarite i te kotahitanga o nga āhuatanga katoa i roto i te hinonga.

Metrology me Waeine mahi i roto i rua ngā tuhinga matua:

• Paerewa - takoto ture, me te hangarau ki ngā ture etahi, tikanga me ngā whakaritenga mo te hanga, me te hua whakamutunga. Ko te paerewa o nāianei - whakaaetia tenei e te whakahaere mana.
• TU (tikanga hangarau) - he huinga o ngā ture, tikanga, me ngā whakaritenga mo te momo ngā o te hua.

Tauinetia Waeine Metrology:

• International. International Waeine ko Metrology Center he ope o te maha āhua hokohoko uouangataha, te whanaketanga pūtaiao whānui, te hāngaitanga o te korero noa, me te pera i runga i.
• State. kawea Waeine Metrology i na mana tūmatanui, e hanga ano tona whanaketanga ake nei.
• National. Ano he tauine motu, engari kahore te wawaotanga tika o te mana.

Ko te Center matua Russian mo Waeine me Metrology - he (pūnaha kāwanatanga o Waeine) GSS. Tenei matatini fakatahai nga whakaritenga katoa whakawhanakehia ki tetahi katoa, e tauturu te reira whakakotahi ahumahi me te hanga o te otaota kāinga katoa me wheketere.

State Center o Metrology me Tiwhikete

E ai ki te ture Federal "I whakarite te kotahitanga o inenga" i te kāwanatanga ngā mahi taumata whakahaere ki te whakarite i te tapaia o te Russian State Paerewa o inenga. a ko GMR i tona mana - te mahi metrological āhua. Kei roto te reira i te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• Manga o te taputapu pokapū o te State Paerewa o te Federation Russian kawenga mo te whakamahere, te whakahaere me te mana o te taurite o inenga i te taumata ripeka-ahumahi motu.
• SSMC (kāwanatanga pokapū metrological pūtaiao) - te kawenga mō te whanaketanga, stockpiling me te whakamahi o ngā paerewa-paerewa, me te mo te faaineineraa o ngā tuhinga ture, whakarato traceability.
• wae HMS tauine o te kaupapa RF - iteraa o te mana metrological i roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake.

Pokapū o paerewa i roto i te Russian Federation

whakaaro rangatira State Metrology Center te VNIIMS - katoa-Russian Research Institute mo Ratonga Metrological. mauria e te reira i roto i te whakahaere pūtaiao, me te raupapa o ngā ratonga metrological katoa, faaau ratou mahi, me te whakawhanake i te whānui o (ōhanga, whakahaere, pūtaiao) turanga o te tautoko metrological momo.

I tua atu ki te paerewa VNIIMS pokapū nui i roto i te Russian Federation ka hoki:

• VNIIM. Tenei e hanga, ka rongoa e tata paerewa katoa o te pūnaha o pauna me mehua Ao, hāunga ngā tauira wae auau, me te wā. mau te Institute neke atu i te 50% o paerewa kāwanatanga Russian katoa.
• VNIIFTRI. I tua atu ki te paerewa wa i roto i tenei'inisititiutí ko tauira autō, te rahinga o ngā waeine irirangi auau, pakeke, te pēhanga, ionizing radiation, me ētahi atu pāmahana iti.
• VNIIOFI. Ngä inenga o ngā tawhā rerekē taiaho, tawhā hauora, spectrometry, me ētahi atu uara optical.
• SNIIM. Standards o hiko, autō, reo irirangi me te tahi atu taurangi.

pokapū metrology Ngohe

Ko te pere matua o te mahi HMS - tiaki o kotahitanga o inenga i roto i te āhua. i runga i tona wahi o te kawenga mo te tautoko metrological o inenga i roto i Russia, te mana kāwanatanga i roto i te mara o te metrology hoki. Directions o te GMR - ko reira:

• te whakatūnga o ngā paerewa, motu, me te tuarua;
• hanga pūnaha päpäho tawhā tuku o FB mahi waeine SI ranei;
• gosnadzora te hanga / te whakamahi o / kāwanatanga / pūnaha hanga inenga;
• whakamātautau metrological o ngā tuhinga;
• tautoko raupapa o raro ratonga metrological.

mahi Rosstandart

Rosstandart me metrology - he mahi o te whare o taua mahi:

• Rurukutanga o te mahi ki te whakarite traceability.
• Whanaketanga o ngā ture o te hanga, te rokiroki, whakaaetanga me te mahi o ngā paerewa uara.
• te tirotiro kāwanatanga Metrological.
• Ārahi HMS me ētahi atu ratonga kawenga mō te traceability.
• Adoption o paerewa me ture ki te whakarite taurite o inenga.
• Whakaaetanga o ngā pūrere hangarau ine tikanga.
• Whanaketanga me te whakaaetanga o ngā tikanga ine.
• pokapū whakamanatanga ite SI.
• Adoption o momo SR.
• E rongoa nei i FSTS.
• rārangi SI whakaae, i raro ki te whakaū.
• Whanaketanga o te tukanga raihana o takitahi me hinonga e hanga, hanga, hoko tuku i runga i ki SI mō te utu ranei.
• Whakamahere me te whakahaere o ngā mahi metrological, me te pera atu.

SI - tenei ...

Kia tahuri tatou ki te Metrology atu Inia me te inenga. mea ruri (SI) - he pūrere hangarau e kua kawea i roto i ngā inenga. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te meka e whai reira pupuri te wae o te inenga o te rahinga tinana ranei.

Federal Ture № 102 whakatau SI rite tikanga, tetahi o nei whakatapua te - inenga. Whakaurua he pūrere mō te ine mea i roto i to tatou whenua e taea anake ti'amâraa Federal mō te ture hangarau me te metrology.

whakarōpū SI

Ko te whakarōpū tino noa o ine mea i roto i te metrology me ine Here:

• Hoki ine tawhā mō te whakatau:
  • pēhanga;
  • pāmahana;
  • rahinga;
  • taumata;
  • kukū otinga, me te pera atu.
• whanganga nui:
  • rawa pūmau;
  • taonga.
• Waeine SI:
  • papa'iraa;
  • kore-paerewa.
• I runga i te āhuatanga o te kaupapa whakaū:
  • paerewa;
  • kaimahi SI.
• E ai ki te taumata o te aunoatanga:
  • ringa;
  • aunoa;
  • aunoa.
• E ai tehnaznacheniyu:
  • ine i ngā rahinga tinana - SR, te tārua rokiroki te uara o tetahi / rave rahi rahi ranei;
  • Mita - SI, ki e taea e koe te ako i te uara whanganga i roto i te whānuitanga etahi;
  • Tuku - SR, e tahuri te uara i whanganga ano ki tetahi atu;
  • pūnaha whanganga - he matatini, te whakakotahi i te maha o ongoi e, mea me mahi, kei nei i roto i te wāhi motuhake;
  • ine pūnaha - he matatini e whakakotahi e rave rahi mehua, mea, ngā pūnaha, me transducers ahei o ine ki te kopere i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ahanoa;
  • pūnaha ruri me te rorohiko - he pūnaha e whakakotahi e rave rahi SI, rorohiko, hangaia ki te whakatutuki i tetahi atu o te inenga o ngā mahi matatini ranei.

Inenga: momo me ngā tikanga

i huaina Measurement ko te kimi uara o nga uara e hiahiatia ana empirically e SI. Ko tōna tikanga matua e rua - te aromātai tonu me te rite o te mehua. Last atu wehea ki pārōnaki, kore, tikanga tāpiritanga me te pato'iraa. Whakaaro ki te tika SI wehewehe tairongo, heuristic, tohunga me te tikanga mauhaa.

Korero o te metrology me inenga, tohu tatou i te whakarōpū o nga momo whakamutunga:

• Kiripuaki tika: rite tika, me te taurite. Ranei te tika mōrahi, whakatika me te engineering mana.
• Na roto i te ara o te whiwhi i te raraunga: whakapā, me te contactless.
• E ai ki te maha o ngā inenga: kotahi, me te maha.
• Na roto i te huri i te momo o te uara i whanganga: hikohiko me te hihiri.
• Ka rite ki te tikanga: metrological me hangarau.
• E ai ki te momo o te whai kanohitanga o te hua: whanaunga, me te pūmau.
• E ai ki nga tikanga o te whiwhi raraunga pai: tika, autaki, tāpiripiri, me te mahi tahi.

tono SI

I te pae hopea ngā miro "Metrology, ine, he mea ruri" rawea, tono mangai SI FZ № 102:

• tiaki i te taiao;
• tiaki mahi;
• mana kāwanatanga;
• ngā wāhanga o te mahi i roto i te ahumahi korero;
• hydrometeorology;
• pūtea, tāke, tikanga, ngā mahi pēke;
• hākinakina;
• haumaru ara;
• rongoā kararehe;
• te rāngai ture;
• torotoro waea, tari pou;
• aromatawai rite;
• rongoā;
• mana i roto i te whakangao;
• geography, rūri;
• hua tākai;
• hokohoko;
• mara o te pūngao karihi.

He faufaa mō te rangahau, tamataraa Standards, me te metrology, a mo rāngai katoa o te hapori. Ki te he uaua kahore Waeine i roto i metrology ki hamaniraa, te tikanga o te ine i te atu riro he wāhanga o te ora tangata.