Meka whakaahuatanga, hītori me ngā: Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin)

puta te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu i Moscow i te wā o te hītori Russian, ka Siu Karaitiana whakawhiti ki whaiaro, motuhake o te whanaketanga Byzantium. Tata i te mutunga o nga wa raruraru, a ka timata te whenua he a tawhio hou o tona hītori.

kōrero

whakatapua Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin) i te taha o te tikanga o te Russian Siu Ekalesia tuatahi, Metropolitan Hona i roto i te 1451 i roto i te mahara o tupu te semeio. Tenei tau e tu ana te Tartar mano tini Mazowsze tata Moscow waho ake e ngaro kē i te ahi, me nga taiepa o te Kremlin Nā e ngā hōia hoariri. ka mau ake tūranga ārai noho, whawhai i te whawhai tata, hinga i raro i nga pere o te hoariri. Ahakoa i reira ko he whawhai, Metropolitan Hona hanga he ropu huri noa i te taiepa pa, u'ana inoi mo te whakaoranga o Moscow i whakaeke.

E ai ki te kōrero, i roto i te inoi a Hona tutaki haapae hua Chudov Monastery Anthony ka ui ia ki te inoi mo te pa, me nga tangata o te mea ka mea te tangata tawhito e semeio whakaorangia Moscow, a ka waiho i roto i tenei whawhai anake kotahi patua - Antony ia. ka mea He e, te tangata koroheke hinga werohia tonu i te pere. Na roto i te ahiahi, whati nga whakaeke i nga taiepa, me nga e noho ana, a ka inoi te Metropolitan katoa te po, te faaineine mo te whawhai whakatakotoria. I ata, tahuri reira i roto i taua rere nga mano tini Tatar i te wiwi i te parekura, ka mahue ki te taonga katoa.

He aha ko te take mo te rere - he unknown, pūtaiao whakapono e riro mai te Mazovia tetahi mōhiohio i runga i faaoti i te reira e te mea maumau, a pea i hinga wehi noatia te ope katoa te whawhai, a, mahue atu ratou taonga, ka maunu atu ratou i te wāhi whawhai. Kua tupu kē tenei meka i raro i nga taiepa Kremlin ki te ope o Batu Khan. Metropolitan Hona whakaaro e ora te semeio o te Atua te pa, me te whenua i te whakangaromanga, me te patu tangata.

Ko te moe o te hahi kohatu

E ai ki etahi tuhinga, te iari Metropolitan i o te Kremlin Cathedral Square i hanga he wa roa. I roto i te tau o te whakaekenga o Mazovia hahi i kua i hanga, engari e kore e whakatapua. I muri i te whakaora semeio o Hona faaoti ki te whakatohunga te whare i roto i te honore o te hararei, i ora. Ko tenei e founga te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin). I hanga te whare tuatahi o te rakau, a tu ana i runga i te whawhe tiketike, i reira, kia rite ki te ritenga tawhito, i pupuri te takotoranga Metropolitan me ētahi atu taonga.

tu te hiero tae noa ki 1479, ka mate i roto i te ahi nui. faaoti matou ki te whakahauora ko kē te whare i roto i te apataki kohatu, i karangatia rangatira i Pskov, kua tupu nei me whakarerenga iho o te hanganga kohatu. Gang arahina e Ivan Krivtsov me Myshkin. Kua tupuheke iho o te hanga whare kohatu i taua wa i roto i Russia i muri senituli o faatîtîraa o te Mongols - kitea anake i roto i rangatira Pskov.

I whakaakona ratou ki te hanga e kore anake te whare o Deposition o te Ahu i te Cathedral Square o te Moscow Kremlin, engari ano hoki ki te hanga i te torutoru cathedrals tauine nui nui. Ko tētahi o ratou, te whakaaro, tukua ratou, engari patua e ia te tuanui. I roto i te meatanga e korerotia ki e "i reira ko te au nui," i arahina ki te whakangaromanga, e kore te mea mārama inaianei. Meinga e nga tohunga korerotia e ko te take hoki reira tono otinga iti-te kounga e ki hanga, pera i tika te aro mātai, ko te puku hītori.

Pskov makatea

Na ka tupu te reira e meinga te whakaaro Cathedral hanga e Tsar Ivan III te kaihoahoa Itari Aristotle Fioravanti, me te whakapai ake o te ensemble hoahoanga tonu maia ki te tuku Myshkin me Krivtsov.

Kua nui haere o ratou mahi i te Faaiteraa Cathedral me te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin), riro nei te hahi kāinga o Russian tupuna. Kei te whakapono te reira e Pskov rangatira, kia rite ki te ture o tona wa, ka akonga o kaihoahoa Italian me te tono i katoa o te matauranga, whakawhānui ratou ake tueke. Ka rite ki mau tupu - he unknown, i reira te mea he mana'o anake, he aha i mahue e whiua kaimahi, a ka tukua hanganga atu, engari kua whakawhanakehia te aamu.

whakatapua temepara o Deposition o te Ahu i te Moscow Kremlin i roto i August 1486. ko Whare-hahi te wahi o inoi o te mau patereareha ki raro, ki te akomanga o te torona Siasí e Patereareha Nikon. I aua ra i huaina ai "te whare Vladychnaya" whakawhitinga ā i hono ai ki te marae patereareha, riro te "fakanofo o" ariki o te hahi i ki te iwi i roto i te arai o te hahi Kremlin Rizopolozhensky.

peita te hiero

Ki te whakamārama o te toe hanganga o te hahi Kremlin Cathedral Square titiro iti, me te ono tekau tenei ra, engari i te timatanga o Ofotokisií i Russia, ko pea ia te hahi matua o te whenua katoa. Kei te whakatapua te hoahoa roto ki te whakanui me te glorification o te Mother o te Atua.

Ko te frescoes o te taumata o runga whakaatu te ora o te wahine, te raro e rua nga rarangi whakatapua ki te wahine Akathist. Painting whakamana kingi icon-kaipeita - Osipov ko Borisov, me te whare matua te whakapakoko o "to tatou Lady o te whakatakoto ano o te Ahu" i pania e te kaipeita icon rongonui Nazaire Istomin (XVII rau).

Ki te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin) i roto i te rau tau XVII i te taha ki te tonga ko te whakatapua fare pureraa pātata Pechersk Icon o nga Theotokos, e pupuri ana i te rārangi o te icon semeio, i hanga i roto i te Kiev-Pechersk pakiki. whakaaro te icon i te kaitiaki o Archdiocese Russian a i haere tahi e te patereareha o te hahi i Kiev, tuatahi i roto i Vladimir me muri ki Moscow.

o te Tsar hahi whare

I roto i ngā wā raruraru te iari patereareha tahuna iho rite nui i roto i te ahi. haere mai Nikon hanga nui-tauine i te marae o Boris Godunov, aroaro ki a ia e Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, kua rite rawa nei te hahi kāinga hou. Na oho te Deposition hahi o te Ahu i te Kremlin ki te uri kingi. Ki te hono ona ruma kingi te taiwhanga, me te rārangi o Pechersk Icon o te Mother i muri i te hanganga o te Terem Palace puta i mua o te matapihi o ruma Kuini. ngaro te rārangi i muri i te revolution, me ki te fare pureraa, ka kawea i roto i te mahi fakafoki mai whānui.

He tonu o ngā maha History o Deposition o te Ekalesia Ahu i te Moscow Kremlin kore ia ite kotahi te ahi, te kino o i puta i roto i 1737, ka pakaru, ara te Tsar Bell. I roto i te 1917, ka pupuhi te Kremlin i pū, a ka pakaru rawa te hahi. Faaho'ihia mai a hanga reira rite maha nga wa i rite reira e ngaro, engari te nuinga o te aro arotahi i runga i te ahua o waho, peita ā-tamau peita, tono hou.

hoahoanga

I teie mahana, Kei te temepara te i runga i te Deposition o te Ahu Cathedral Square i roto i te Kremlin kore he tino pai ki a ia mo tuu taha i te taha ki te faceted Chamber, Terem Palace ko Cathedral o te whakaaro. Ko tata e kitea ki te whakamārama o enei hahi whare, a ano tona tau neke atu i te tahi atu whare rahi.

E pā ana te Ekalesia ki whare ripeka o te tuku iho. Kei te hanga te reira o te pereki, i roto i te rau tau XV timata ki te whakakapi i te mua i roto i te pupau kohatu ma. Katoa taha e wha o te whare ko te wehenga e toru nga wahi, i mua i huaina he wehenga taua i te taiepa. He āhuatanga motuhake ko e ko nui te taiepa pokapū o te hahi atu i te rua taha. Runga ake ia taiepa taiepa rite otinga tu mo te takere tuku iho zakomars hoahoanga Russian (kikorangi). Kei te wehea hoki protrusions aata i te taha waho e toru nga wahi ruawhetū.

Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu i te Moscow Kremlin - he hahi domed ki te kikorangi potae-āhua, porotiti, te marama cupola pahū. whakapaipai dome o te pahū i te whakapaipai motuhake o te kaituhi tāhei, e pā ana ki te raki o te kura Pskov o hoahoanga Russian. Kua whakatakotoria nga pereki i whakapaipai - aukati, begunets.

Jewellery me ngā taipitopito

Ko te wahi ki te rawhiti o te whare, ko te wātea ana mō te tirohanga i te Cathedral Square. Ko atu kite atu i te taha e rua, whaiti te Apse pokapū o te taiepa aata, e tika ana ki te mau hiero ripeka o te hanganga hoahoanga. Huri noa te paenga o te temepara kei i runga i te tihi o te tāhei huapae whakapaipai, e te kaimahi rite te tohu o Russian hoahoanga hahi o te wā wawe.

Teiteiraa i roto i te wahi o raro whakapaipai āhua-tīwae, e te whakakotahi te taumata o runga, tukurua tauira keeled zakomaras. E toru taiepa o te hahi kitea niches pāpaku i roto i nei i whakaaturia nga ata mua. Na noho kotahi anake fresco o te rau tau XVII i runga i te paruru raki, i kitea ai i roto i te mahi fakafoki mai i roto i 1996, whakaatu reira te Patronal hakari - Whakatūria te koroka o te wahine.

Kei te tū te tomokanga ki te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu (Moscow Kremlin) i runga i taha katoa. I runga i te rawhiti, me te tonga, e taea tonu te tiki e koe te whare. whakapaipai te tomokanga tonga i te portal takere-āhua me te e'a teitei, me te rawhiti - kei roto i te taiwhanga o te Terem Palace. Kua Kei te kōkuhunga i runga i nga taha uru me te raki o te temepara, whakaatu manuhiri i roto i cloisters.

roto

Ko te roto o te temepara hanga he wāhi kotahi i runga i te ruma rōrahi me te whakaminenga iti rahinga tatau kahu Whare Ekalesia. E hāngai ana te Code i runga i nga pou e wha. hipoki taiepa Space me pou ki pikitia o te ihirangi fakalotu.

Ko te kanga ki te wahine a Meri, he kāhua rite ki te peita i te frescoes o te whakaaro Cathedral peita te wahi matua o te kōrero. E kore te mea kōpeka te tāpiritanga: kawea te mahi i roto i te 1644 i roto i rangatira pai-mohiotia Pospeev Sidor me Abramov purapura moenga. E faahoho'ahia te pou rangatira Russian me metropolitans.

Nahea te te toi o te rau tau XVII, ka reira mārama i roto i te 1956, ka, i raro i te wahanga o nga accretions muri i a horoia kaupapa hītori. I tū faaho'iraa mai ki tonu o te iconostasis tawhito, kihai i nei waiho te Ekalesia o te Deposition o te Ahu o te Moscow Kremlin i te wā kotahi. Whakaahuatanga o te katoa hanganga o te peita, me te iconostasis tohu e ko te reira i te pūtake o rongoā tae peita.

iconostasis

Iconostasis hanga o te hiriwa, purepure, me te ipoipo e te whakapaipai. E peitatia ata whakaurua koa, tae kanapa nuinga e puru, here, tae ma. I hanga tuatahi te iconostasis i muri i te Time o akina me whakamoti pono te whenua. ko Kiritaki te papa o te kingi tuatahi o te whare Romanov - Patereareha Filaret.

Ko te toru runga o te maha o ngā ata pania i roto i te kaimahi taiwhanga iconographer Nazaire Istomin Savin i 1627. rarangi Raro, i tuhituhi te ariki ia, no ona ringa ki e rua ata pokapū - "Faufaa Tahito Trinity," "te wahine Hodegetria".

whakaaro mahi Fakafoki waenganui-50s e nga frescoes i runga i te taiepa tautokona ngā tae. Te hoahoa whenua momona tino whakaawe wā mua o Karaitiana, ka ko Russia te metropolis o Byzantium.

Ko te ahua kororia i roto i te taumata tohanga runga, me te i runga i nga pou e tohu ana i te mau Aposetolo, me te ariki, Grand, taha i te taha ki te tikanga i roto i nei te ariki, piri ki kēnana pākaha, ua faaite tona faatura mo nga toa o nga frescoes me homai te huru a tawhio noa ratou koa, me te marama.

hurihuri

I roto i te wawe 90-doma o Deposition o te Ekalesia Ahu i reira tuwhera ki manuhiri, me te i roto i te hakari hahi patronal tū konei koropiko me te ki āna tikanga. Mai i oko ora i te torutoru noa ngā tūemi. rama tawhito nui tāuta i mua te iconostasis, i roto i nga ra tawhito i huaina ratou "rama kikokore" - tuwhera roto. i hoatu turanga rama ki te temepara rite te mea homai ki te tupuna a Hohepa i roto i 1649. E whakapaipai ratou ki whakairo, hiriwa-whakakikoruatia ngarahu, me e hāngai ana i runga i tā raiona tau. I tetahi atu wahi ahurei i roto i te 1624 ko te chandelier hiriwa, tataitia Kaituhitanga kōhua kaimahi koura D. Sverchkov.

kia haere mai i te whare ki te kite i te frescoes o te rau tau XVI, me te tirotiro i te whakaaturanga o te whakairo rakau Russian tawhito, kei roto i te cloister. Ko tētahi o te nuinga o reliefs onamata tohu St. George XIV rautau tutuki te manuhiri tika ki te tomokanga faaiteiteraa. I roto i nga ra tawhito taua mahi whakaurua i roto i, me te mahi ata iconostasis. O te moni nui e te Novgorod icon "Descent i te Cross" me "Te wahine o te Waitohu" (Rostov).

I roto i te Rizopolozhensky Ekalesia, kei te rongoa te whakaaturanga, me te whakairo rakau o te Metropolitan tuatahi o Rus - whakatakotoria Hona, te hahi i roto i nga wa onamata. Faaite i roto i te faaiteraa ata rakau o te ohu Solovetsky image Nikolaya Mozhayskogo ki te hoari, i roto i te tikanga i roto i i puta ia ki te tiaki i te pa, i whakaeke Mozhaisk. pākiki No iti ngā me ētahi atu - he crucifix i te Chudov Monastery, whakakopa, wā icon o rau tau XV-XIX.