Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: biography

ka He kaiputaiao tino me academician Vladimir Kotelnikov te pionie me kaiwhakarewa o tuhiwhakamuna kāinga. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, i hanga e ia ko ona hoa he maha o ngā pūrere ahurei, i roto i i haere mai i te mōhiohio ngaro, me whakahau.

tau wawe

whanau He kaiputaiao tino me te kaipūkaha Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich i roto i Kazan. I whanau ia i runga i Mahuru 6, 1908. no te tamaiti ki te hapu o ahorangi tuku - mahi tona papa, me te papa ruau i te whare wānanga rohe. Ko kahore he mea whakamiharo e ki te taua utuafare iti Volodya ki te 6 tau ako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi, engari taukei ano nga taketake o te taurangi, tauhanga me te matawhenua.

tau kura, ka hinga te tamaiti i runga i te wā o te Ao Tuatahi, me te Pakanga Civil. No te mea o tenei hapu KOTELNIKOVO tonu oho i wahi ki te tuu. I kuraina Vladimir i te kāinga, me i te kura ako ia mo te akomanga toru anake whakamutunga. kihai i whakamatau o nga tau whawhai whatiia tona moni i roto i te pūtaiao. ka hiahia i roto i te reo irirangi i te taiohi. Kua tāutuhia tona ora katoa a muri tenei mahi parekareka.

hanganga

I te tau 1926 ka tomo Vladimir te Higher School Moscow Hangarau ingoa i muri i Bauman. Ako i te whare wānanga i aru i te tere o ngā akoranga i roto i te Physics ko Pāngarau Faculty o Moscow State University. I roto i tona noho i roto i te Nyquist Bauman o tona hanganga tu Mei - Moscow Power Engineering Institute, e ma'u tohi fakamo'oni ako i te tangata taitamariki.

tukua mātauranga whaimana ki a ia hei te kaipūkaha i te Institute o Communications o te Army Whero Rangahau. Na ka whakauru Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich i paetahi Mei, i te mahi rite rangatira kaipūkaha me upoko o te taiwhanga i te Research Institute.

te kitea nui

hanga Career o te kuao kaipūtaiao kua he pakaruhanga tere, ka i roto i 1933, whakarāpopoto ia te ariā o te āwhiwhiwhi o ngā mahi, tuwhera kairangahau Ingarangi Whittaker. E whakamārama ana te ngaro o te ngaronga raraunga ina whakamahi i te tohu tonu. whakamatauria te tātai Kotel'nikov, ko o te faufaa roa mo te heke mai o te hangarau. ka tenei kitea te pūtake o te ariā o te mōhiohio me tona waehere me te tukatuka o ngā pūnaha karere mamati, me ētahi atu I e pā ana ki te wa taua rite Kotelnikov pakaruhanga rite i roto i to ratou rangahau i hanga te American Klod Shennon, no te mea o te mea te ingoa te ture tauwehe ko Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

ka mārama ngā āhuatanga taketake kore tonu. Hoki ona rauemi ahurei tuhituhi Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich he pūrongo taipitopito, engari kihai i manakohia e te ētita o te pūtaiao hautaka-uniana "Hiko". ka mea te whakaputanga e ko te rauemi fiefanongó o kahore uara mō Engineers Soviet.

mahi tonu

Otiia, kua i roto i te tau 30 o te pūtaiao Soviet Kotelnikov Vladimir ka ia he kaitono o pūtaiao hangarau o te USSR. riro ia he tohu noa kahore te parururaa i te tuhinga. I maoro, i roto i te 1941, kua whakatakoto te mataaro pūkaha he maha o te mau parau tumu matua, kia e hanga i te pūnaha tohu heke mai o whakarōpū tohu.

i hou rāpopoto Nyquist. He auaha matua ko te huringa o te tohu tairitenga tawhito ki mamati. I riro te reira e ka whakahaere i te taputapu mo te taua ngā mahi i roto i runga i te ture tauwehe tīpako. Ko te take ki a ratou rangahau ariā, te pūtaiao kotahi ano mua o tona wa rite. Te tikanga, tohu ia, i reira i muri noa te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao.

I runga i te whakaurunga ngaro

I te mutunga o nga 30raa ka Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich upoko o te taiwhanga mo te hanganga o te taputapu maha-hongere kōrero reo irirangi. Ki te reira i muri mai, i whakapumautia raina-poto i waenganui i Moscow me Khabarovsk. Fakataha ki te Kotelnikov i tenei kaupapa mahi he kaitito tino Aleksandr mints, Konstantin Egorov me ētahi atu. Ano, te pūtaiao arahina e rua taiwhanga, i whakawhanakehia e whakarōpū hangarau, waea, me te mōhiohio waea. Te rōpū, te mahi i enei whakaurunga, ka oti i te utu o Engineers, tata puta i te Institute o Communication.

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic, kua whakahaere tohunga Soviet ki te neke i tawhito pūnaha mōhiohio whakamunatanga ki te tukutahinga hou, i pupuri rārangi irirangi me te waea kōrero ngaro. Kua hanga He takoha nui ki tenei angitu Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Kua whakaaturia Biography Scientists ārahitanga te whenua o tika ki te tuku ia ia ki te misioni nui. ka mau ake te ihi otinga ki te raruraru o te faufaa motu - he pūrere mō te whakamuna reo tohu, ātete ki deciphering hoariri. I muri ka whakaekea Germany te USSR ka faufaa taua taputapu.

"Sable" me "Bullfinch"

taputapu ahurei whakahau tari i roto i te tiaki o te auau kāwanatanga (RF) kōrero. I whakawhanakehia te tauira whakamātautau tuatahi o "Sobol-ahau» me haere i roto i te 1938. I hanga te taputapu i te tipu Leningrad "Whero Dawn." I te whakapaipai Northern raro whakapaea, i whakatahia te hinonga ki Ufa. He i whakapumautia te wheketere hou №697, puritia e te tangata Commissariat o te Electrical Ahumahi o te USSR.

Heoi, i roto i Ufa, a oho wahi o te taiwhanga, te matenga o i ko Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Te pūtaiao, i te noa'tu o te whawhai, tonu ki te whakawhanake i te encoder, i i faufaa nui mo te korero o te whenua. I roto i te rōpū Ufa piri ope Nyquist ki nga Engineers o te tipu "Whero Dawn." whakawhanakehia tauira "Sobol-P" i roto i te 1942. tikanga tenei tauira e mo te waea irirangi ngaru ngaro. I taua wa, kua "Sobol-P" riro te taputapu tino tū uaua mō te whakamuna mōhiohio. Ko te pūrere tahuri nga tohu reo-rua hiko. I meatia tenei te whakamahi i te wa wahi roa o te tohu, me tona mowhiti tūāwhiorangi koaro. Ko te whanaketanga e āhei ki te whakaputa i transposition o wāhanga kupu. i pānui mō te hoariri cryptogram hanga.

korenga i te tauira te kōmihana kāwanatanga motuhake. kitea ia e "Sobol-P" e āhei mau a'oraa ngaro humarie. Ko e me'a mālie ia etahi o nga wāhanga pūkaha mo te taputapu (tae atu pahu autō) kihai i kawea atu i roto i Ufa me i te Leningrad whakapaea. tūemi Faufaa tukua i roto i te rārangi ki te awhina o rererangi.

Fakataha ki te "Sable" i roto i te taputapu kawe ki te whakarōpū i whakawhanakehia Sau-16 ( "Bullfinch") i roto i te whawhai. Tenei pūrere rite te afata. Ia i roto i ona haerenga whakamahia rangatira mua me ngā māngai o te mau tĭtĭ i roto i te whenua, te wahi i reira kahore he kōrero nui-auau.

"Neva"

Mōria "Sobol-P" i whakamahia tuatahi i roto i te parae i te mutunga o 1942. Na ka whakamuna te tauira letioó ki whiriwhiringa ngaro i waenganui i Moscow ko Tbilisi, whakakapi Tiamana pahuatia hononga maheni ki te kaiārahi o te Transcaucasian mua. whakaorangia pūrere Bet he marama torutoru, tae noa ki runga ki e kore ko te rohe o Kapiana he aho hou i hanga. I muri i te iriiringa angitu o te taputapu ahi "Sobol-P" patua te tari matua o nga akina katoa. I GHQ faaoti matou ki te whakamahi i tenei tauira ki te tuku runga whakahau ngaro me ngā pūrongo.

Otiia kihai i "Sobol-P" te taone anake ki nei he ringa Kotelnikov Vladimir. Advances i roto i 40s pūtaiao riro noa atu nui i muri i te tenenga "Owl" me "Neva". E hangaia ēnei whakaaro ki te whakamuna karere mā takere waeahia. I hāngai ratou i runga i kaupapa waehere matatini, e te mea ahurei kihai i noa atu. "Neva" whakamahia mō te kōrero i waenganui i Moscow, 1 st me 2 akina Byelorussian Byelorussian. I tua atu, kua kitea tenei tikanga i tona tono i roto i te amuiraa te ao o nga Hoa i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te whawhai (Tehran, Yalta me Potsdam hui). I te pae hopea, te "Neva" whakamahia i roto i te mau a'oraa Kremlin ki te pane o te ngā mana Pākehā i te hainatanga o te tukunga Tiamana.

i muri i te pakanga,

I muri i te wikitoria o te kapa o Engineers e mahi i roto i Ufa, i whakamararatia ai. i hoki mai nga tohunga o "Dawn Whero" ki Leningrad. Ko te tahi atu hawhe o kaitito me pūtaiao haere ki Moscow, tae atu i roto i te Mei. He noho ki te mahi me te Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. pūtaiao Photo kore eke ki te niupepa. Kei te mahi i runga i te misioni huna, kihai ia i ahei te tatau i runga i publicity tūmatanui o ona mahi. Otiia, i muri i te whawhai, arahina Vladimir Kotelnikov tari o "Foundations Mā te o Radio Engineering" o te Institute. rere ia i te reira no te neke atu i te 36 tau.

Ko te wahi tūmatanui o te mahi ahua mangu ki te whakamārama o te mahi i roto i te sharashka Marfino rongonui. Ko tenei ka whānui mōhiotia he ingoa unofficial, i whakaritea whakawhetai ki te pukapuka o te kaituhi, me te Nobel Laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn hoki, mahi reira. Ōkawa, ko reira he taiwhanga motuhake №8, hanga i te tikanga o te kāwanatanga Soviet. I roto i te āhua o te sharashka ko 490 te iwi. Kua whakawhanakehia katoa o ratou he waea ngaro, taputapu hou hoki te whakamunatanga o ngā mōhiohio, me pera i runga i. d. ētahi o te kaimahi te taviniraa i te kupu whare herehere o pūtaiao me he kaitito.

academician

I roto i te 1953, ka he kaiputaiao he academician o te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR. Ki te tangata i roto i ngā tohunga i runga i whakamunatanga o kōrero me tika tenei taitara, ko reira tino Kotelnikov Vladimir. Whakaahua me tauira o ana mahi he inaianei i roto i taonga maha, ko tona te amuitahiraa i oti rawa ki tenei kaupapa. ahu academician te taiwhanga, ki te hanga i ngā pūrere mo te Tāhuhu o Defence me te KGB. I tua atu, ahu ia te Komihana, aroturuki i te kounga o whakaaro hou o te tahi atu Engineers.

I te 1950-60 riro Vladimir Kotelnikov te initiator me te faaururaa mō ngā pūrere pērā i "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "Te Tai Tokerau-M", "Mace", "Lotus-B", me pera i runga i. D. Mai i 1954 ki te 1988. Academician ko te kaiwhakahaere o te Institute o Radio Engineering ko Electronics, Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR.

tau tata nei

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union, ahakoa tona tau kaumatua, tonu e ia tona kaha Kotelnikov Vladimir. kore kua Rā o Fanauraa (Mahuru 6, 1908) me te momo o ratonga ki te whenua i te take mo te ki a ia mutu, ka okioki i runga i to tatou tatü.

I roto i te 1992, kua hanga Russian Academy o tuhiwhakamuna whakawhetai ki academician. I roto i te 2003, i whakawhiwhia Vladimir Kotelnikov te Order "hoki Ratonga ki te tohu fatherland» ahau. ka te pūtaiao reira mo tona tau maha o te mahi, me te mahi nui ki te te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao Soviet me Russian. mate academician i runga i tanguru 11, 2005. I tanumia ia i Kuntsevo Cemetery i Moscow.