Ko te revolution ahumahi. Āhuatanga o te Revolution Industrial i roto i te United States me Russia

Te Industrial Revolution, i timata i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18 i roto i Ingarangi, a ka hipokina e muri whakawhanakehia āhua (i roto i te rau tau 19), ko te whakakapinga o te mīhini production ā-, haere ki te wheketere i te wheketere. Ko te akomanga pāpori ārahi ko nga kaimahi, me te bourgeoisie. Ko te pūtake o te hanga e puritia wheketere, rite rawa ki te mihini.

Ko te revolution ahumahi kua āta. I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19 i muri i te takanga o Ingarangi hipokina te United States. Na ka haere mai te revolution ahumahi i roto i Europe. A i roto i te wahi ki te rawhiti o te revolution ahumahi e kore kua mutu.

uesia te timatanga o te revolution ahumahi ahumahi marama. Na ka tīmata te taupoki mechanization me ētahi atu ahumahi whakanao. I tohua tēnei wā i hanga hangarau, pērā i te tarai, he mīhini tuitui, he waka hou (locomotive me kaipuke), te tikanga o te kōrero (reo irirangi, waea, waea).

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19 tomo revolution ahumahi he wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga. I roto i tenei wā i whakaaro te pūkaha e te pūkaha ā-ngingiha (pūkaha parariraa ā), matini haapurororaa (tuhi tangi, me te tārua i taputapu), te kitea o te hinu, ahumahi matū. timata iwi ki te whakamahi i mātātoa hiko.

ka mau te Revolution Industrial wahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai. hanga ana e ratou he mātauranga US. Raraa e puta a mīhini wira pōtaka i Amerika i roto i te 1789. I muri te mahi tangata heke i Ingarangi Pleyter hanga e ia he tuhinga o te whenu, i muri i te tau i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite timata ki te mahi i te hanga pueru wheketere tuatahi. I te mutunga o rima tekau nga tau, nui haere te kohi o wheketere miro Amerika o neke atu i te rua tekau-rua ngā wā.

Me kï reira e te mahi teitei i runga i te whakataki o engines korohū kitea i mai te timatanga o te tekau o te rau tau 19. ko pūkaha tini āhua meinga introduction mutunga o te wai ko tenei, whakaritea ki te mamaoa, te iti.

O i hoatu faufaa nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te revolution ahumahi i roto i Amerika ki te hanga o rerewē. I roto i te wā i 1830 ki te tau 1850 ko hua neke atu i te rima-puninga o te whatunga rerewhenua.

Kua te tupu o te ahumahi ahumahi keri me te metallurgical kua whai pānga te nuinga ki te mechanization o waka. Ko te kupu, i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 19, he hua i roto i te hanga poaka rino e 12 nga wa, me te koki o te whakaputa - te mano torutoru.

Kua whakaaetia e te revolution ahumahi te United States ki te whakawhanake ona ake mīhini. Hei tauira, hanga otaota nui mo te hanga o engines korohū i roto i Pennsylvania, New York.

Me kï reira e kua hanga he takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i te poto o te engineering (Colt, Singer, Morse). riro te whenua torohaki mīhini ahuwhenua, i ko e tika ana ki te hiahia te whakanui ake o te pāmu. I roto i te '40s -' 50s i Amerika, pai threshers aunoa, i hanga seeders, mowers me ētahi atu taputapu.

Hoki e rima tekau nga tau, i te kawemai United States nui haere e 4 wā, me hoko 3.7. Heoi, i roto i te rau tau pokapū o-19 i roto i te tūranga ārahi i roto i tāwāhi e nohoia tonu e hua ahuwhenua me rauemi mata.

I roto i te revolution ahumahi Russian i roto i te tukanga ko rāngai rohe, me te rängai uncoordinated. ko te take hoki he makona roa, hawhe te rau tau o te whakawhitinga i te whenua o i ā mahi ki te hanga aunoa tenei. timata Mechanization i roto i te ahumahi miro i roto i te thirties, a mutu i roto i te ahumahi maitai i roto i te eighties.

Na roto i te wa o te whakakāhoretanga o serfdom, neke atu i te 60% o te hanga i roto i te rängai o te ahumahi tukatuka hua kaimahi harangotengote i roto i te wheketere.

I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau 19 e pā ana ki te ahumahi rau mīhini i whakaturia ai, engari tonu te ahumahi ki te whakamahi i ā mahi.