Ko te rererangi "TU-204": arotake. rererangi Civil

"Tu-204" ko te pāhihi jet reo-whānui. I whakawhanakehia tēnei mīhini i roto i te tau 80 i roto i te Tari o Design Tupolev. Ki te awhina o ana kaihanga tikanga ki te whakakapi i te tawhitotia i "Tu-154". He ngā whakarerekētanga o te rererangi: VIP-putanga, pāhihi, utanga me motuhake. Ko te rererangi "Tu-204" tutuki haumaru katoa paerewa, tukunga, me te haruru, kia taea te whakahaeretia enei tauira katoa i runga i te ao. Atu i runga i tenei i muri mai.

hoahoa

Ko te rererangi "Tu-204" - he kaupapa noa cantilever Pālesi. He tika iti kahakina ona parirau. Tona rua engines turbojet eke i runga i pylons motuhake. E kei o ratou wāhi i raro i te parirau. homai tenei te tauira he kāhua motuhake. I te mutunga o ia parirau whakaritea winglets. E āwhina ana tēnei whakaiti i te tō piri me te whakanui ake ara. I tua atu, kei te rite rawa ratou ki ngā paki rua-kōrā. He āhuatanga nui enei. Ano, Ko konei te kākaho. whakahaere i ratou i te āhuatanga e amo ana o te rererangi. E tū ana me te mata ārahi o te parirau. E toru waewae me te haereere ihu te tahuhu. Ko te hanganga o te powerplant ngā RB211-535E4 ranei 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

kōrero

I muri i te rererangi tivira Russian timata "Tu-154" rererangi nana hoki te 2 tau mua, i roto i 1973 i te Tari o Design Bureau ki te mahi i roto i te heke mai ki te whakakapi i tēnei tauira. I te tīmatanga, i whakaarohia ai ki te whakapai ake i te hohonu "Tu-154" ka whakawhanake i te momo o whirihoranga, me ngā kaupapa hou. I muri i te katoa, kua hanga e aivanaa he kōwhiringa i roto i te manakohia tauira trimotored whānui-tinana, i huaina e ratou - te manureva "TU-204".

Ko te kaupapa whakaaetia e te Kawanatanga i roto i 1981. Heoi, i roto i tenei tukanga, faaoti nga kaihoahoa ki te whakarere i te pūkaha hiawero. Na te whakahou i te tauira. Ka rite ki te hua, fatata mai te reira rā whakaritea e te rererangi.

I roto i te whanaketanga, kei te kaha te tono pūtaiao tikanga hoahoa auaha, te whakamahi i rorohiko hiko. I roto i te tikanga ki te tīpako i te whirihoranga aerodynamic tino pai i roto i etahi paipa motuhake, i ratou ki te tirohia pinepine o tauira. I tua atu, ki te whakaiti i te taimaha me te whakapiki ake i te kaha o te kōwae kawea i roto i te tono o ngā rauemi hiato. e kore te mea iti iho i te 14% share ratou i roto i te taimaha o te tauira.

A, no te i oti te hoahoa, ka anga te rererangi "TU-204" ki te whakaputa i arumoni i te Ulyanovsk Aviation Ahumahi Complex ingoa i muri i Ustinov D. F. he meka pono tenei. He rererangi tuatahi "Tu-204", arotake o nei i pai, hanga i roto i Moscow i te hapori ki te ASTC production nui wheako. A. N. Tupoleva me UAPK.

whakamātautau

whai wāhi ana tēnei tukanga 2 tauira. pūnaha Motuhake i runga i te poari mahi te tauira i turanga maha.

I te timatanga o Hānuere 1989 i reira ko te whati tuatahi o te rererangi mea. atu ka mau te rererangi "Tu-204" mei te rererangi "Ramenskoye". I runga i nga hua o nga whakamātautau i hanga i roto i te hoahoa o etahi whakapainga. A kua pai ake te reira production hangarau. I roto i tenei take, utua nui whakarongo i ki te whakarite kia te mahi te pūnaha mamati hou. Thoroughness i roto i tenei rohe, kua arahina ki te hua pai. Kua Mataotao whakawhanakehia 23 kōwhiringa poari te pūnaha mana aunoa whakamahi i te wira urungi. Kua takitaha kua whakamatauria hoki te tika me te whakamātautau rere maha. hiahiatia he wa roa tenei katoa. I tua atu, i taua wa i timata te mau fifi ōhanga i roto i te āhua. arahina tenei ki te meka i heke pūtea mo te hōtaka i. Ka rite ki te hua, i nga ngā nui haere ki te whiwhi i te tuhinga e tika ana, me te whakamātautau.

I roto i te 90 pūtea pūtea o te kaupapa i mutu rawa. arahina tenei ki te kopa o te whakamātautau tohu, me te rererangi "Tu-204", e hiahiatia tonu nei ki te mamae ako tiaki, tūmanakohia i roto i nga parirau.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te 90, kua tupuheke te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua tino, i tata whakawāteatia whakamātautau pūtea rere. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaoti i te mahi i runga ake, te pūtaiao i ki te tango i nga kaupae faahiahia. Hei tauira, whakaae ratou ki te kawe utanga mō te taiutu. I te taua whakamātautau kawea i roto i roto i te whakarara ki flights arumoni. Tenei tukua ki a tatou mahi ki te whakaoti i te pūtea kaupapa. I muri i kaha uaua, i taea ki te whiwhi i te tiwhikete e tika ana i roto i te 1994 pūtaiao.

te faaohiparaa i

I te mutunga o Pepuere 1996 i kawea i roto i te whati tuatahi o te arumoni hou i runga i te pūtake o mea rererangi. Ko te rererangi "Tu-204" rere "Tahiti Nui Vnukovo" i te whakapaipai ki Mineralnye vody.

I riro te reira e te "Tu-204" kia te whakakapi e "Tu-154". Heoi, te maturuturunga iho ohorere i roto i pütea i te ahumahi rererangi kua arahina ki raruraru i roto i te whakaotinga o te rererangi, a kua heke reira te tere o te production. Ko te hua - he maha iti o tauira o kamupene rererangi, te utu nui o te wahi e manawapa, me te tiaki, downtime auau. arahina tenei katoa ki te maturuturunga iho i roto i te whakataetae o te rererangi i mea, rawa i roto i rite ki te uru Airbus-320 me Boeing-737, kua whakamatauria economical atu ki te whakahaere me te iti.

I roto i te 2000, hua kahore iti iho i te 10 tauira i ia tau. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko o ratou kiritaki pokapū kāwanatanga.

Mai i kua timata te kau production papatipu, ara i roto i 1990, ka kite matou i te marama 75 rererangi "Tu-204" rerekētanga rerekē. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 2013 kaha whakahaeretia te katoa o te 50 waeine rangi o tenei hapu.

opuaraa

I te tīmatanga, te faatura tenei i roto i, te rererangi "Tu-204" Ko te tino waimarie. E ai ki te mahere tuatahi o nga kaihoahoa, i reira ki te hanga i nui, a ka he taua mea mo hanga ona production he tipu hou waitohu kei roto i Ulyanovsk. Heoi, ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, i muri i te tiango o te USSR ki nga hiahia o te ahumahi rererangi ka anga ki te horo'a i te rota iti te moni. Kua whakakapia te ōhanga mākete ngā. Ka rite ki te hua, "Tu-204" Kua puta ke rererangi kaihanga hauauru whakamahia o te mīhini. I roto i te tua, he tauira i roto i te tikanga maha tawhito i runga i te wā. Ko tētahi o nga take i mutu ai ki te whakamahi, ko e te waka o "Tu-204" ngā o 3 iwi, i te hiahia te nuinga o aircrafts hou 2. anake e faatupu te aroaro o utu atu mo te tiaki o te kaiurungi tenei.

Ko wai hua e pā ana ki 10 o enei tauira te tau. I te wa ano, ka rite ki te tikanga, he rongonui ratou i roto i te Arctic, "Russian" me te Force Air. Nā ki te meka e te wheketere waka rererangi Ulyanovsk me Kazan taea kore papatipu-hua, me te mahi motuhake, te rererangi "Tu-204" e kore e whai i te tono nui i roto i te nuinga o ngā kamupene. Heoi, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, te tauira hou o te "MS-21" i roto i te tūranga ki te whakataetae ki te oko ke "737". E ai ki te kōrero tata, nga kawe nui, pērā i te Wings Whero me "Transaero" Kei te maha korerotia e he hiahia i roto i te hoko wae rangi o te momo i tohua e ratou. Tenei kōrero e kaua rongonui ko te rererangi "Tu-204", arotake tohunga i tohu e ko te reira wawe rawa ki te hopohopo i te reira ki te take atamira aviakonstruktorskogo mua. KLA me te Tāhuhu o Ahumahi ki te haumi nui moni i roto i enei kaupapa, e te tīariari anake i runga i te pepa. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te "MS-21", e whakaritea mo te tuku i runga i te raina anake i roto i te 2020.

Whakaahuatanga o te āhuatanga hangarau o te rererangi "Tu-204"

I roto i tenei take, whakaaro te whai ake:

• Crew - 3 iwi.
• E rua engine turbofan - "PS-90A".
• Swipe rohe / parirau ko 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• Te rahi o te roa / tiketike o te rererangi - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• te wakarererangi Taumaha (max) / kau - 94 ki te 600 kg / 58 ki te 300 kg.
• Ututaumaha - 21000 kg.
• Ina tauihi ana tere ko 830 km / h.
• Tuanui mahi - 12 ki te 100 m.
• whānuitanga mōrahi o 2900 km.
• Ko te aroaro o peia 16.140 kg.
• Taumaha: mōrahi tango-atu / tauranga - 94.6 t / 47 m; whakatauira aukati i 58,3 m.
• kawenga whakaaetia arumoni - 21 taranata.
• ngā Flight ake ki 3700 km.

akatuke'anga

I tēnei wā, i reira e rave rahi ngā rerekētanga o tenei wae rangi. i mahi tino ia o enei kaiwhakatū i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi i te hua e hiahiatia ana. Next, titiro ki a ratou i te iti ake.

"Tu-204"

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia i runga ake, he takeoff taimaha o te take turanga 94.6 m. Ko te wa tuatahi tenei manureva "TU-204" nei photo whakaratohia konei, ka whakatika 17 Hereturikōkā 1990 (whakaritea rerenga) i roto i te rangi. I tua atu, kua whakawhanakehia te utanga putanga o te tauira. Scheme rererangi "TU-204" Ko whakawhānuitia te mōrahi kaihoahoa. e kore e ututaumaha o tenei tikanga nui 30 toni.

"Tu-204-100"

He te engines "PS-90A" me Avionics Russian tēnei whakatinanatanga. Ko te tino nui tona whai huatanga. Ko te meka nui tenei. fare "Tu-204-100" taea hāngai 210 pāhihi. ka mau te tohu o tenei rererangi wahi i roto i te hotoke 1995.

"Tu-204-200"

Tenei tauira ko te whakarerekētanga "o TU-204-100". Rite rawa ki tenei waka rererangi e waka tauā atu mo te wahie, e he tika mo te awhe nui. Ano, te hunga mohio Ulyanovsk whakato "Aviastar" hanga kotahi anake wae ki mea tau poari RA-64036. Na whakaputaina te tauira i roto i Kazan.

"Tu-204-120"

"Tu-204-120" me "Tu-204-220" He whakarerekētanga aua "Tu-204-100" me "Tu-204-200". E rite rawa ana ratou ki Avionics uru me engines RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - Ingarangi-i hanga Rolls-Royce. hanga tēnei auaha i ki te whakawhānui i te āhuatanga kiritaki o te tauira, i te tuatahi rere i roto i August 1992. Tāwāhi rererangi Tuhinga tūtohinga i roto i Ihipa Kairo Aviaton hanga i runga i tenei waka rererangi mai i 1998. I muri i taua, enei rererangi Tupolev, e kua he whakaahua i roto i te kuputuhi, tukua ki a Haina. hanga te pailati o tenei tauira i roto i te putanga Ingarihi. whakahaere tenei te tuku ki ētahi atu whenua. tohu kōwae rangi mea mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te rererangi Russian i roto i runga i etahi paerewa Pākehā.

"Tu-204-300"

Kei te poroa - ( "Tu-234" i mua) ki te 6 mita i roto i te rite ki te whakamāramatanga taketake o te takere tenei tauira. Ka taea e tēnei rererangi hāngai kaua e nui ake 162 pāhihi, engari i tūmanako tīmatanga noho 142 nohoanga i roto i te rererangi "TU-204-300" e wehea e whai ake: 8 piha pakihi me 134 - ōhanga. He nui tenei introduction. Tāraro tenei te kāhua ahurei o tenei whakarerekētanga, "Tu-204". Ko te wahi pai, a te akoranga, ka waiho i roto i te piha haapiiraa pakihi. hangaia tēnei kōwae i roto e toru rerekētanga. Ratou whānuitanga rere ko 9250, 7500, me te 3400 km. Ka rite ki te hua, "Tu-204-300" i mohio rite te rererangi tuatahi ki e rua engines, e taea te hanga i te rere i te whakapaipai o Russia ki Vladivostok kahore arumanga. ko Tepe tango-atu te taimaha o te rererangi 107.5 tana i roto i te taputapu o tenei tauira ko :. Avionics Domestic "KSPNO-204 'a e rua motors" PS-90A ". Hoki te wa tuatahi, "Tu-204-300" rere ki te rangi i roto i Akuhata 2003, i muri nei i kawea ai i roto i te whakakitenga i te whakaatu Aerospace "MAKS-2003". Whaimana ko ia 14.05.2005, kua te pupuri o tona production rangatū kua whakapumautia i Ulyanovsk wheketere "Aviastar".

"Tu-204-300A"

Ēnei rererangi haukāinga, whakamahia mō te transportation whakahaere mo te tawhiti e kore rawa 9600 km. Ko te tauira wāhi 26 anake pāhihi. Tamaa - 42 taranata.

"Tu-206"

Kei te whanake tonu te rererangi tohunga. Ko reira ngā e i roto i te taputapu mea whakamahia te rite te hau tūturu wahie liquefied. timata enei aircrafts ki te whakaputa i runga i te pūtake o te rererangi pērā i "Tu-204-100". Kotahi raruraru nui i roto i tenei take ko te whakanohonga o ngā o te hau ki tono nui rōrahi.

"Tu-214"

Tenei tauira ko te whakarerekētanga o "TU-204". Kua Mōrahi tango-atu te taimaha o tenei kōwae kua nui haere ki te 110,75 taranata, me te rahi ututaumaha -. Ki 25.2 taranata o utanga rererangi whakarerekē kua tohu i runga i ngā paerewa Russian "AP-25", e kua rotai ki Western FAR-25 me te Jar -252. whakapumautia production Serial te i roto i aviaobedinenii Kazan ratou. S. P. Gorbunova. Tuatahi atu tenei tauira ka mau te reira i wahi i roto i te 1989. tīmata ratou ki te rere i enei rererangi te rererangi Soviet Union i 1997 anake. Ko, i muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union. I roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 2010, ka anga te rererangi ki te whakaputa i anake spetskomplektatsii. Otiia ki te waihanga i te reira i roto i te putanga arumoni i mutu, no te mea kihai i reira pai. Ahakoa te rironga o te moni i roto i tohua i te kawe nui whakahiato - "Transaero".

"Tu-204SM"

Ko te rererangi hohonu whakarei "Tu-204" tenei. I roto i te rite ki "TU-204-100" e nui haere nui tona taimaha te wakarererangi mōrahi. i roto i tenei tauira hoki ake te Avionics. No te mea o tenei, i heke te tokomaha o te waka ki te iwi e rua, te whakaiti i te nohoanga i runga i te waka rererangi "TU-204", me te mahue i te kaipuke, kahore kaipūkaha i runga i-papa. meatia tenei i roto i runga i te tauira mahi ao mō tenei piha.

I tua atu, i te rererangi "Tu-204SM" Kua oti etahi huringa.

1. Ao hou, o te turbofan "PS-90A2." I haere tahi tenei e te hekenga i roto i te utu o te huringa ora, me te whakanui ake i nāna me ngā waeine rauemi whakaritea me āhuatanga matua (te taha wera - 10000 huringa me te matao - ki runga ki te 20,000).
2. APU whakahōutia "TA-18-200". I roto i tenei take, i nui haere ai teitei tīmatanga me te rere. I whakaurua te reira i te taputapu hou, e mahi nga mahi e tika ana e rite ana ki etahi whakaritenga teu me nāianei o te ICAO me mana Pākehā.
3. huriaro ake. i tangohia nga whakaaro hoahoa ki pūkete nga āhuatanga katoa e hāngai ana ki te Airframe rauemi.
4. Kua pai ake te piha.
5. tāngata iti 2 kaiurungi.
6. Kua whakawhanakehia te reira, a kei te tatari pūnaha whakahaere tāutanga wae obschesamoletnymi (EMS). Ano, ake tiaki me tātaritanga.
7. pūnaha hou: Energy Kaitiaki, waipēhi, wahie, me te rangi conditioning.

I te mutunga o Hakihea 2010 ka hinga iho ki te whakamātautau rere "TU-204SM." I kawea te reira i roto i te taha o te pairati whakamātautau pai-tika Viktor Minashkin. haere pai tenei tukanga. Heoi, kawea nga whakamātautau katoa i tohua rererangi whakahoutia i roto i ki te roa iti. I te amuiraa press korerotia te kaiwhakahaere whānui o te rererangi tipu Sergey Dementiev te whakarongo i kua i te rere whakamātautau o tenei tauira kua whakaritea mo Hakihea 17, 2010. Heoi, fakamamafa'i ia e te mahi i runga i te whakaminenga o te rererangi o tenei momo kia hoatu hōtaka.

"Aviastar-SP", te kamupene kua tae noa 2016 mahere ki te whakaputa i 44 rererangi "Tu-204SM" oko, tikanga hoki Whero Wings Airlines hinonga nui. E ai ki te kōrero tuatahi, tohaina te pūtea o tenei kaupapa i te iti rawa $ 1.8 piriona.

I roto i te waenganui-Hānuere 2012 i te Ulyanovsk kamupene hanga rererangi rongonui i raro i te ingoa "Aviastar-SP" hanga e te Pirīmia Tuarua o Russia. E ai ki a Dmitry Rogozin, te tohu o te rererangi "Tu-204SM" momo pāhihi hou ka mutu i roto i Pipiri, me i te waenganui o te tau e taea tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki tona production rangatū.

hua

I muri te tai'oraa i te i runga, e taea rite to tetahi he whakaaro o te mea fakamatala'i he rererangi te, a te tīari etahi o ona rerekētanga. te whakatau tino whānui rererangi Tupolev etahi paerewa. I tēnei wā, ko te wae rangi o te whānau pārekareka ki nui tono. He Hangarau me te mahi āhuatanga o ngā pūrere o tenei momo i te taumata tika. Heoi, e kore e ngā mutu ka tonu ki te whakapai ake i tēnei momo o te waka rererangi.