Ko te ariā o te atamira hanganga o ngā mahi hinengaro me te hanganga o acu i te kura tuatahi. Ko te rauemi mo te pūrongo.

Ko tētahi o nga ariā taketake i roto i Soviet Mātauranga Psychology ko te ariā o te hanganga āta o mahi hinengaro (TPFUD). Ko tōna kaituhi - te kaipūtaiao nui Potr Yakovlevich Galperin, nana nei i hanga tenei ariā rite tetahi o nga whakatutukitanga rawa o hinengaro motu i roto i te rau tau pokapū o-20. E whakapumautia ana whakaaro i roto i to tatou ra, a ka haere tonu te ariā ki te mahi rite te pūtake mo te hanganga o ngā ariā hou o te mātauranga.

mahi hinengaro (CA) - ko te ahua motuhake o te mahi o Piripīni o te tangata. E mahi ana ratou i roto i te mahara, e kore e taea te kite tika ratou. e kore e CA rapua e te awhina i te waho - hei tauira, i roto i te puka o nui korero.

e kore e taea te kawea i roto i kahore tautoko waho - Ētahi momo o mahi a te tangata - pēnei i tinana.

Ki te UD whakaoti ngā raruraru hinengaro: hinengaro - i roto i te whakaaro, me te mahara, aronganui - i roto i te kingitanga o nga rongo.

Ko te taea ki te tapakuha, hanga āhuatanga LE këtia me ki te whakahaere i te tukanga o ratou hanga te TPFUD uara hinengaro, me te mātauranga tino nui. I te wa ano, ara te mahi tino matatini - pērā i pāngarau ā-waha tātaritanga tonu o te whanonga o te hoa i roto i takoto ranei - i hanga te ara whai.

I roto i te reo o te pūtaiao hou, Halperin ariā taea te tukanga hōtaka o te hanga i te UD.

kitea P. Ya Galperin me experimentally whakamatauria e kore e taea e te mahi o te ākonga tango te ahua o hinengaro, ki te kore e haere tona hanganga ä roto e ono ngā wāhanga.:

• whakataki, me te hihiri o te ako;
• kaupapa hanga pūtake orienting o mahi (DTE);
• hanga mahi rauemi;
• mahi kupu (nui korero);
• mahi kupu (e pā ana ki ano);
• mahi hinengaro (reo roto).

Hipanga 1: Introduction ki te whakangungu me te hihiri

No te faaara moni ākonga i roto i te mahi a muri, whakamahi te kaiako i te whānui o ngā tūāhua me ngā tikanga.

E tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i te manawarü morare - ki te hoatu i te ākonga i roto i te tauira o hoa whakamoemiti, whakapai ana. Te kaiako me, te mātakitaki i te tamaiti, kite aha puka o whakaongaonga pahono ia, ka whakamahi ia ratou.

He mea nui e te anake whakamahia te whakatairanga i roto i te angitu tūturu. Kore, e kore e te ākonga te ako e founga ki tika te whakautu ki fakaholomui, ka riri ratou ki a ia te paua.

wairua whakataetae, ka matapaki raruraru kaua whakanuia ana hihiri.

Tōtika te whakamahi i te tākaro wahi-tūranga-te whakatangi, me ngā ngā o te akoranga rōpū. Heoi, i roto i tenei mahi, ko te mea nui ki te tuwha āta nga tūranga e kore e whakatika tamariki hae, te inoino, te hae me te tahi atu mau mana'o ino.

Te akiaki whai hua, me te nui te nuinga o ngā mahi ako e raruraru, i roto i nei e taea tamariki i ō rātou auahatanga, me te rapu. Ratou wero ko te ki kia i mehua tiketike, engari tino kia ratou kia faatiti'aifarohia. Me whiriwhiri ngā taumata rerekē o te uaua o te mahi raruraru mō ngā rōpū rerekē o ngā ākonga, a tae noa takitahi - mō ngā tamariki e kore e nei pai ki te rōpū.

I te pae hopea, te hari i roto i te tukanga akoranga - te take faaitoito tino nui.

Hipanga 2. Construction kaupapa Ltd.

e kore e mahi i te reira i te mahi, me te mahi mea mo reira. Me ako te akonga me te whakatinana i te momo motuhake o te ako mahi DM e e tauturu i ki reira mahi tika, me te ki te kī i te hua.

Hoki tenei ākonga hanga te pūtake orienting o mahi (CCCs). Ko te arata'iraa nahanaha me tohutohu, ngā mōhiohio whakakite i nga wāhanga katoa o te mahi. Tirohia raraunga i runga i nga whakahaeretanga o, hanganga me te kia o ratou mahi, hua, pāpāho me te kaupapa o te mahi.

Ko te ariā o te atamira hanganga o ngā mahi hinengaro tāutuhia e toru ngā momo o te ako, ia o nei ko atu tino atu i te mua. E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i te pūtake o toru tauira rerekē o te DTE.

1. He oti tohu whenua. Ratou ngā akoranga kaupapa (ngā ākonga) i runga i to ratou ake, i roto i te tamataraa, me te hapa. e kore e tukua Ltd. tenei ki ahuwhānui te mahi ki te taumata o te mahi o te piha haapiiraa, tonu reira he tauira taratahi.
2. He oti tohu whenua. He whakaahuatanga o te tikanga katoa i raro i ai e kia te mahia o te mahi. Otiia e kore e te te tumu parau whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o ngā ture, engari matapo anake whakarongo ratou. e kore te tona tuakiri whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o ngā mahi, a na ko reira (te mahi) tuatahi uncreative. Experience hua i te mahi pera, e noho tonu i te "kotahi-atu" me tauturu te kaupapa anake mo te wa poto. Haunga, tonu tonu Ltd. he tauira taratahi o te mahi, kahore whānui. e kore e taea te tono te reira ki te tahi atu mahi o te piha haapiiraa kotahi.
3. Tohu whenua kua kaha rawa oti. E te whakatakiruatanga o ratou mo te momo o, a i roto i te rohe - mo akomanga katoa o te mahi. He kaupapa ano Ltd., e hāngai ana i runga i ngā mōhiohio riro i te kaiako pūtake huarahi.

Ko reira ngāwari ki te kite e kia kawea te hanganga āta o mahi hinengaro kia i anake i runga i te kaupapa o te toru o nga momo o whakangungu. I te wa ano, whai te angitu e anake i roto i te take kotahi (a ko reira he tūranga pokapū TPFUD). Me ki kia mahi i roto i ki te angitu tonu i roto i ia o nga wāhanga e ono o tona hanganga Mahi. Tetahi hua takawaenga ngaronga whakangaro i te hua whakamutunga.

Hipanga 3. Hanganga o te rauemi ranei liliu mahi

whakamana Mahi i roto i te puka o te rauemi i roto i te mahere waho rite mahi. Ahanoa me tautoko rauemi he taonga tūturu.

whakamana Mahi i roto i te puka liliu e ki ngā e kua kua oti tahuri: hoahoa, tūtohi, kauwhata, tuhinga. E whakaaturia ahanoa Foitino i roto i te kāri aratohu motuhake.

He puhoi ia mahi. homai tenei te ākonga te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i nga ngā mahi katoa me te mahi rite te katoa.

I tenei wā, korerotia ia mahi i roto i nui. Tenei taea te kaupapa ki te wehewehe i waenganui i te mahi tūturu (e whakaahuatia ai i roto i te korero) me ngā (he ratou rauemi ului).

A, no te tīmata te mahi ki te tahuri tere, kahore hapa me tūnga, kāri, me mahi pāpāho ma. tonu te reira i te whakaahuatanga-waha anake.

Hipanga 4. mahi Speech. kupu nui

rite rawa Mahi i te te tautoko rauemi e kore e wātea ana ngā ākonga. Na e taea tātari reira he rauemi mā te whakamahi i te kupu nui whakamārama i te momo ngā ki te atu rōpū, ie. E. socialized. He he he mahi kupu ōrite me ngā pūrongo e pā ana ki a ia.

Ko te whakaritenga mo te mahi kupu - whakawhānui me te taipitopito ki te pou - mārama mo te interlocutor, e whakahaere akoranga.

Kei tēnei wāhanga he tupeke kounga nui i roto i te hanganga o CA: neke mahi waho ki te whakaaro o reira. Kua te whakatakiruatanga o te reira, engari tonu e kore e whakaiti me kore aunoa.

Hipanga 5. mahi Speech. kupu waho e pā ana ki ano

Ko te puka o te mahi - te taua rite i roto i te taahiraa 4, engari te whakahua o te ahiahi he komuhumuhu kore whakaaetia. whakahaere te kaiako te raupapa o ngā mahi ranei te hua o te mahi. Otinga atamira - ka whakamana ia mahi, me te te mahi katoa kei te hohoro, me te tika.

Hipanga 6. Mahi i roto i te kupu i roto - mahi hinengaro. whakaaro parakore

Mai i te ākonga solves tonoa te te karere raruraru ki te whakahoki whakamutunga anake. Āhuatanga Mahi - Poto, svornutost, automatism. Ahakoa te fifi take mo te tere mahi ākonga haurokuroku, hapa-free mahi. Ki te he i reira tonu te hapa - e hiahia ana koe ki te neke i te tūranga o te wāhanga o mua.

I tenei wā, te hanganga o te mahi hinengaro, motuhake o tetahi āhuatanga ngaahi houalotú waho, me te ā. huaina te mahi taua te whakaaro parakore.

Anake, no te te ako o te toru o nga momo (ki te hanga tonu DTE) riro te reira taea ki te tohatoha i te hātepe wā-hanga tonu LE. Ko anake te momo o te whakangungu, tenei i roto i nei āhua māia i roto i te whakatutukitanga angitu o te hua ako i runga i te pūtake o tona mātau tonu nga tamariki katoa i roto i te piha haapiiraa (rōpū).

Ko te ariā o te atamira hanganga o ngā mahi hinengaro - he tohu o te kaiako i runga i te āhua o ki te hanga i te tukanga mātauranga ki te hanganga o te matauranga me mahi te whakamahi i te didactics taputapu matua - DTE - ki kia whai hua.

ngā mahi ako Universal (acu)

Ko tētahi o nga raruraru o te mātauranga hou - ki te huri i te ao ki tonu-te whakanui ake te tere. riro te matauranga i roto i te kura, i roto i o te rā i mua i te wa ākonga ki te whakaoti i te reira.

I tua atu, i roto i nga tukanga o te whakangungu me te mātauranga o te ākonga, tei runga i te kaiako, rite kore e taea ki te whakawhanake takitahi.

I tua atu tukunoa'i ka arahi enei meka (me te ārahi kua) ki te tapeke koretake o te pūnaha mātauranga.

Ko te ara anake i roto o te āhuatanga raruraru - he huringa o te aronga i roto i te kaupapa matua mātauranga o te rironga mai o te kaupapa matauranga me ngā pūkenga mō te whaiaro, me te meta-kaupapa (nadpredmetnym) mahi mātauranga ao (acu).

kawainga Makiri ki enei mahi whakamana i mua mahi i runga i te pūtake o ngā pūkenga akoranga whānui.

Ko te wā "ECU" tikanga e:

• taea ki te whanaketanga-whaiaro me te whaiaro whakapai ake-kaupapa (ākonga) he, mātātoa me aau faaue i te wheako pāpori hou;
• taea ki te whiwhi takitahi mōhiotanga hou me ngā pūkenga, tae atu i te kaha ki te whakarite ake me te tukanga whakaputa mohio o whakawhenumi te kaupapa, ko te;
• te kaupapa o ratou ake akoranga ki te waiho i te tuakiri ahurea, te mātau pāpori, ngāwari ana.

I tēnei wā, ko te kura matua i roto i Russia (i 5 ki te kōeke 9) neke ki te āhua e hānga paerewa mātauranga hou. I tona ngakau - te hanga o acu mō ngā tamariki o tenei ao.

hanganga acu i te kura taketake

Kei te hanga tenei tukanga ki te arorau "i mahi ki te whakaaro." Ko te kupu, ko reira ōrite ki te ariā anga arorau P. Ya. Galperina.

Ano, ko te ariā o te atamira hanganga o ngā mahi hinengaro hei, me te huarahi ariā o te mahi me te whakaaro, te pūtake faufaa mo te hanganga o acu.

I roto i te meka, TPFUD i roto i tona puka - e kore he mea, engari he mahi oti'a hangarau - i te rauemi ki te whakaaro. Acu taua - te teitei me te hua whakamutunga o tenei oti'a: mahi hinengaro i roto i te ao whaiaro-whakahaere, whaiaro-tīhokatia whakaaro.

Ētahi atu 25 matahiti i ma'iri a'e, e kore te ara kōrero he kaha hinengaro rite rite te whāinga o te mātauranga. I teie mahana, tutuki reira nga whakaritenga o te ao hurihuri.

mātauranga Russian hopea ka tika ki te tautoko i te ariā tino matatau me te tikanga. Ko te taea tenei e tika ana ki te haaputuputuraa o neke atu i te rima tekau tau o te wheako i roto i te whanaketanga sistemodeyatelnostnyh Mātauranga (Shchedrovitskii, OS Anisimov et al.). E ratou he tikanga ahurei mo te whakatupuranga tonu o te ariā me te i te wa ano o tona whakatinanatanga, tango ki pūkete rite whakahōunga tonu.