hipokina te ariā o te pūnaha ōhanga te whānuitanga katoa o tikanga, e kua whakaritea e ngā tukanga ohaoha me te pakihi o te hapori ngā: hanga taonga, te whakamahi o ngā rauemi tūturu kohuke o te whenua, te tohatoha hua whakamutunga, me te kohi, a na i runga i. tawhito te nuinga momo o te whakahaere i roto i te tuatapaparaa o te taata, ko te pūnaha tuku iho pera-ka karanga. puta te reira i te revolution Neolithic, ka te u'i pāriha, me te ahuwhenua tuatahi, a i kahore rerekē noa te putanga me te whanaketanga o te te moni i roto i Europa mai te tenetere XV-XVI. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o te pūnaha ōhanga tuku iho ko te hapori tātau tiketike, me tona fafauraa ki iho. tāutu te reira i te whakaaro matua o te kōrero tuku iho, te pātai: he aha, he aha ki te whakaputa i me pehea ki te tohatoha i muri. tahi Housekeeping e hangarau tawhito, te whakamahi o te mahi ā-ringa, te whanaketanga rawakore o whanaunga koloa-moni (ara ranei hapa ona). I teie mahana, e taea te kite i taua tauira i roto i nga whenua underdeveloped o te ao.
āhuatanga āhuatanga o te ōhanga mākete
Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, whakatika tenei momo o te pāmu i Europa i roto i nga wa hou. Ko reira te hua o te kukuwhatanga o feudalism, te nui āhuatanga matawhenua, te haaputuputuraa pera-ka karanga tahito o te whakapaipai (te ahua i roto i Europa o ngā rahinga nui o hiriwa me te koura, pahuatia i roto i te koroni) me, o te akoranga, te revolution pūtaiao, me te hangarau. I roto i te meka, te āhuatanga āhuatanga tino nui o te ōhanga mākete ko te hua o tona decentralization. He roa te wā ki te tino tō te rerekē, ko te mākete noa Western Whakahaua me te ōhanga whakaritea (whakatinana i roto i te āhua Fascist, a muri mai - i roto i te hapori). Ko tōna āhuatanga i e mahi take ōhanga katoa ki te taha o te kāwanatanga pokapū, a ka tino subordinated ki nga hiahia o te iwi whānui. i raro ki te Kōawa nga āhuatanga katoa o te pūnaha pūtea, me te hanga (tahatika, wheketere, mira). I roto i te rerekē ki taua he āhuatanga-te ruirui o te ōhanga mākete ko te tauira te raupapatanga o te mana (tūmataiti, ngā, pāpori me te, o te akoranga, ko reira ano hoki te rāngai tūmatanui). Kāwanatanga i roto i taua mau huru mahi rite te tiai o nga tikanga ture me whai wāhitanga rite, Heoi, e kore e hanga i te wawaotanga tika i roto i te ora ōhanga o te whenua, me te e kore pānga tika i runga i te maha o ngā tukanga.
pūnaha taime tōraro
Me kï reira e reira e huru tōraro ōhanga mākete. Ko ētahi o ēnei tiaki pāpori takarepa, te huru ati o te taupori e kore e nei e hāngai ana ki te mākete (mātauranga, ngā kaiako). Ko te putanga o te whakataetae kore utu, i roto i te tua ki whakaora i te ora ōhanga o te hapori, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora ko te meka e runga i te wā, e kaha nui ki te pokanoa ki te ora tōrangapū me te pāpori o te whenua nga toa o tenei whakataetae. mōrearea nui-tauine me depressions o te ao Western i roto i te rau tau XX tino whakakitea rite te kino huru āhuatanga o te ōhanga mākete. Hoki tenei take i pera-ka karanga āhua ahu whakamua katoa hou teie mahana momo whakauru o te ōhanga i ai te kāwanatanga, ahakoa te akiaki i te ora o te mākete noa, engari te pupuri tonu pānga huanga nui i runga i te ōhanga, me te tiaki o taurangi pāpori i roto i te whenua.