Ko nga kaha me te whakamahinga o nga whanaketanga

Ko te kupu "ruruku" Ko o take Latin. I roto i te translation tikanga reira uniana, te arotau, te streamlining. whakamahia tēnei kupu i roto i te pā ana ki te mahi nekeneke me te iwi. I roto i tenei take, e pā ana te reira ki te tohu o te ōrite o te nekehanga ki te whakaritenga o te taiao. Hei tauira, paheke tetahi e tika, me te tu i runga i ona waewae i te tikanga o nekehanga e vai, me te tahi atu, ka hinga. Nā tēnei, kua he tohu teitei o te arotau o ngā nekehanga, i.e. whakawhanakehia ia kaha atu wāhi te tangata tuatahi.

Ko te whakamāramatanga

I raro i te ruruku o te matauranga ka kaha o te tangata ki te whakanui tōtika ruruku nga nekehanga katoa o te wahi tinana i roto i te tukanga o te whakaoti i te mahi nekeneke motuhake. Ka taea te whakaahuatia i tēnei ariā ahua rerekē. Ko ha faingamālie ki te whakahaere i to ratou ake nekehanga tangata tenei.

To tatou pūnaha musculoskeletal ngā he maha nui o ngā waeine e whai ake atu i te kotahi rau nga nekehanga o te haere noa. Ko Ko te aha te whakahaere o tenei pūnaha ko te tukanga rawa matatini. E ai ki te kaihanga o hou pūtaiao koiora me te physiologist Bernstein whakahuatia e ratou i roto i te tau 1947, ruruku o nekehanga ko ki te hinga i te nekehanga o te haere noa. hanga tenei te wae i roto i te tangata talangofua.

Ko te tohu matua o te ruruku

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i kaha o te tangata ki te whakahaere i to ratou pūnaha musculoskeletal i roto i te mahia o te mahi? Hoki tenei whakaaro, i reira ko te tikanga o te ahurea tinana, me te i roto i te ariā kāinga mō te wa roa i te tohu pērā i raka. Heoi, ki te 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga hei utu reira te piki ka anga ki te whakamahi i te wā "āheinga ruruku."

Na roto i te tatararaa, tenei Berstein, raka ko te kotahitanga o te pāhekoheko o te mahi o te mana piringa, me te pokapū e whakahaere pūnaha toko o te tinana. I te wa ano i reira he he faaapîraa o ngā hanganga koiora o te mahi i roto i runga i te mahi.

E āhuatanga harataunga, ruruku tangata ranei aravihi i te meka e ratou:

1. arotahi ngā wā katoa i runga i te ao i waho. Na, whakawhanake kaimekemeke whakangungu i runga i te pea harataunga i roto i iti iho i te i te Tūkorehu ki tona tāwhai.
2. He he kounga motuhake. Na, e taea e koe mohio i roto i te omaoma, me te kore e taea ki te kauhoe.

COP ruruku ranei aravihi - ko te turanga o te raka. Tata nei, ko te ahua ko te kaupapa o maha rangahau o physiologists.

Whakarōpū o ngā pūmanawa ruruku

Ko te ako tino tupato o harataunga tangata riro kitea, mai i te Heoi o te rau tau whakamutunga. I te wa ano tāutuhia nga tau nga tohunga ake me te ake āheinga ruruku. Ki te rā, i roto ia ratou i reira e 3 ngā momo o noa, me te 20 motuhake, e motuhake kitea (toenga, takotoranga mokowā, me pera i runga i. D.).

āheinga ruruku - ko te enei taea a te tangata, e whakatau ona hihiko ki optimally whakahaere i te mahi nekeneke, me te whakarite ia ratou. Maha rangahau whakamātautau me te ariā whakakitea e toru ngā momo nui o COP. He motuhake, motuhake, me te whānui ēnei. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

COP motuhake

Enei kaha te tangata rahi whakaritea ki ngā rōpū ōrite o tereraa e pā ana ki te tikanga psychophysical.

systematize COP Special o te whakanui ake i whīwhiwhi. Ko te kupu, ko te tuku:

- kaupapa mokowā tinana (faataahurihuri, gymnastic);
- neke kaupapa (e mau ana utanga, aranga ki taimaha);
- raweke i te tereraa i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana (pere i werohia, aha ...);
- huri taiāwhio a acyclic mahi;
- Mahi panga, te heheu mai tika (hunga maminga, poutuki, tēnehi);
- tiaki me te ino mahi i roto i hākinakina me ngā kēmu waho;
- nekehanga ballistic (i whiua e te pōro, te matua kōpae ranei).

COP motuhake

Ēnei ngā rave rahi atu aravihi coordinative. Tenei kaha o te tangata:

- ki te takotoranga, e ko, te whakamāramatanga pū o te tūranga tinana;
- ki te huri i ngā tawhā nekehanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi pai tiketike, me te tika o te kaha mokowā me te uaua;
- aro, i.e. ki te mahi tika, me te tere o te kaupapa poto katoa, ka he mohiotia i mua ranei tohu unknown wahi ona ranei;
- ki te hanga hou i ngā mahi pūkaha i raro i te huri ngā āhuatanga taiao;
- he pūhui ruruku nekehanga takitahi ranei i roto i te huinga nekeneke kotahi;
- ki te pauna, e ko, ki te tiaki i te pūmautanga i raro i tūranga pateko hihiri ranei;
- ki te manawataki te tārua tangohia o te mahi motor homai ranei.

General KS

Tenei aravihi ruruku o te toru o nga ahua, e ko te ahua o te whānui o te motuhake me te motuhake. I roto i te tukanga o te kaiako mātauranga tinana maha e whakaaro ngā ākonga e mahi pai i runga i te momo o ngā mahi, me te awhe ararau toenga, te ūngeri, tauhohe, a na runga i .. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e pai whakawhanakehia enei tamariki āheinga ruruku whānui. Heoi, ko te tahi atu take tino noa. Hei tauira, kua he tamaiti he COP tiketike ki nekehanga huritaiāwhio, e whakaatu ana i te taumata iti o te pūkenga i roto i te hākinakina.

āheinga ruruku General - he aha te mea te reira? Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te pūmanawa, ka mohio te taea o te takitahi, e whakatau tona hihiko mō te ture tino me te whakahaere o te momo i roto i te tikanga, me te take mai o ngā mahi nekeneke.

Reira i tupu pinepine e te aravihi ruruku te tīariari i roto i te puka moe i mua i peia. I roto i tenei take, he pūmanawa ratou. Te kitenga o ranei puta COP pau i tenei wāhi ngā i roto i te wa.

Ano, kei te whakarōpūtia āheinga ruruku ki timatanga me te matatini. Ki te tuatahi o ratou ko te pea o te tangata ki te tika tā te tawhā nekehanga mokowā. āheinga ruruku mātanga - he aha te mea te reira? Ko tenei te wāhi o te takitahi ki te hanganga tere o nga mahi nekeneke ka ohorere te huri tikanga.

āheinga Motor i roto i ngā o te tukanga mātauranga

Na, ka kitea e matou i roto i te mea i te wā "āheinga ruruku." e kore e taea e te matauranga anake i roto Whakamāramatanga o te ariā taketake o ngā āheinga nekeneke i te wāhi mātauranga o te tirohanga e pā ana ki "te upooti'araa nekehanga te taikaha o te haere noa."

He āputa kitea tēnei kite. Ko te take i te aravihi te ruruku, tautuhi rawa whänui, whakawhirinaki te nuinga i runga i te angitu o te mahi. I roto i tenei take, i reira e toru momo o CS. Ko te tuatahi o enei ko te ruruku io. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i raro i te ruruku o te tukanga io, me te uaua mānukanuka. Ko te momo tuarua o te ruruku - nekeneke. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i ki te huinga o nekehanga i roto i te wa, me wahi o te tinana i roto i te wāhi. He hoki te ruruku uaua. Ko reira he tukanga o whakawhitihia whakahau mana ki nga uaua katoa o te tinana.

He aha atu he āheinga ruruku? Whakamārama, whakarōpū o e taea tangata he sensornomotornye taiea, me te nekeneke me te COP autonomic. He tika ti'aturi i runga i te kounga o te mahi ratou. Ko te tuatahi o enei momo e rua o te COP he e pā ana tika ki nga mahi o te pūnaha musculoskeletal me mahi o taua pūnaha pūoko rite māna, ataata, me te vestibular. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, i roto i te tukanga o te mahi pūkaha te tangata rave te rongo. E tauturu te reira ki a ia e mohio ki te āhua o te taiao, me te aro ki te huringa tupu i roto i reira. momo rongo-nekeneke taea te COP ki te hanga i te tātaritanga o tohu waho, me te whakatairite ratou ki ā, e tango te wahi i roto i te tinana.

He aha e te pūkaha me te ruruku autonomic aravihi? Ko te whakamāramatanga o enei aravihi nekeneke he tangata haere i roto i te faaiteraa o ngā mahi tinana katoa. Ko te meka Ko e te pā tika tetahi kaupapa o te tinana i roto i te wāhi me te wā ki te mahi o ngā pūnaha vegetative (Cardiovascular, romahā, puha, hormonal me pera i runga i. D.), nei whakarato mahi uaua. whakapumautia tenei e nga hua o maha akoranga. Hei tauira, i roto i te ngaro o te whakangungu nahanaha me te aroaro o mate, rohirohi ranei pānga kaha aronganui puta discoordination ngā mahi e whakarato te mahi o uaua. pānga tenei katoa ki kia kitea te kounga o te mahi nekeneke.

āheinga rurukutanga o te tangata, ratou tikanga o te mātauranga e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te mahi whakaako. Ko te take i enei aravihi nekeneke o te takitahi, tei runga i tona predisposition ki te tetahi momo o te mahi. Tenei kia tangohia ki pūkete i roto i te mātauranga o ngā tamariki etahi pūkenga me ngā āheinga.

Ngā āhuatanga e awe i te COP

E whakahuatia āheinga rurukutanga o te tangata i roto i ona taea, i runga i kei:
- tātaritanga tika o ona nekehanga;
- te mahi o ngā analyzers, tae atu i te motor;
- faaotiraa e te itoito;
- te matatini o te mahi motor;
- tau;
- te taumata o te whanaketanga o ētahi atu aravihi nekeneke;
- te tohu o te tinana whānui.

Utauta Development CS

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te tohu o te kaha tangata i roto i te pā ana ki ngā hōtaka nekeneke, me te whakamahi koe i mahi tinana, e he:
- e hängai ana te upooti'araa raruraru ruruku;
- rapu tere tangata, me te tika, me te te nekehanga o rationality;
- hou, me te rerekē hoki te toi;
- i roto i te take o te tāruarua i mahi ki te huri tikanga ranei mahi nekeneke.

Ki te makona nga mahi ara tetahi o nga whakaritenga i runga ake, ka taea te huaina ratou ruruku. I tēnei wā whakawhanakehia reira he maha nui o taua complexes.

Methods o COP

Me pēhea te ki te whakapai ake i te ruruku o ngā kaha tangata? Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira e maha whakaaro rerekē. Ko te whai hua te nuinga o enei he tikanga e whakamahi mahi tino whakaritea. I te ngakau o enei mahi he mahi tinana.

Ko te kupu, ko te "tikanga o te wā", "tikanga o te wāhi" me "te tikanga o te kaha uaua" - he tino nui hoki ngā āheinga ruruku tangata, me ngā tikanga o ō rātou whanaketanga i roto i tenei whakaaro, ko te rangatira i roto i te tukanga o te mātauranga. A feruri i te whakapai ake o enei kaha i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Hoki te whanaketanga o ngā kaha, rite tika rite taea ki te kawe i te kaupapa, whakaurunga mahi obschepodgotovitelnyh tono. He mea nui ki te whakapai ake nahanaha ratou matatini ruruku. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā take pērā, he mahi e rapua e pū purei anō wā kotahi, me nga tūranga ngā me nekehanga o te utumu, waewae, ringa. Whakamahia rite koringa me e haere i te wa i homai, a na i runga i. D.

He taumata teitei o ngā kaha me ngā tikanga o ō rātou whanaketanga ruruku whakapae te tupuraa o te tauira o mahi motuhake i runga i ngā nekehanga proportionality roto etahi rohe o wāhi, te wā, me te kaha uaua. I roto i enei take, te whakamahi i te tikanga o ngā taumahi maha. A, no te homai tenei tautuhinga te ki tamau aau taupū whiwhi, ka atu ratou kiritau-. Ēnei tikanga e "rerekē ngā mahi", me te "faaho'i tahi nga mahi." Ko te whakamahi o enei mahi e āhei ki a koutou ite i te rerekētanga o sensations tuakiri ki te raraunga whāinga e wātea ana. Ki te tāruarua toutou o taua mahi faarahi te tūtohutanga o te pūoko tangata, e āhei reira ki atu tika whakahaere i nga nekehanga.

kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e te uaua tino ki te rangatira ko te mahi i raro i nei i te tika hiahiatia o pārōnaki o te wā, te wāhi, me te mana tawhā. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kia tono ratou tango ki pūkete nga tikanga rerekē me ngā mahi huarahi. Ko te ngako o te tuatahi o ratou, ko te ki te mahi tauutuutu mahi e rerekē koi i runga i tetahi tawhā. Hei tauira, huringa mahi whiua te pōro 6 m ki te 4 m, a ka hūpeke ki whakamahia te tawhiti mōrahi te, tona hawhe.

Tikanga "ūngutungutu ohipa", i roto i te rerekē ki taua whakaahuatia ana i runga titau i te pārōnaki pū kaiwhakaari. Hei tauira, te ringa aranga ki 90, me te 75 nga nekehanga, hūpeke ki 150, me 180 cm, me te t. D.

Ētahi mahi ngaio me te mahi rapu utu etahi hākinakina i te tangata, e kore anake te taumata tiketike o ngā pūkenga ruruku mokowā, engari ano hoki i te pai whakawhanakehia-tikanga o te wāhi. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te kaha o te takitahi ki te arotake i tika tutukitanga rahi, te tawhiti ki te ūnga, te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā me te iwi, a na i runga i. D. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakawhanake i te tikanga o te wāhi, te whakamahi o ngā tikanga o te rerekē me te mahi tata ko te tino whai hua.

Me pēhea te ki te whakapai ake i te tika o te mana o te kaupapa? Ki te mahi i tenei, me te whakawhanake koe te kaha ki te arotake me te rerekëtanga ki te taumata o mānukanuka uaua. He mea tika ki te whakamahi i te mahi i runga i taimaha rerekē. Teie faaueraa o te uri maha ranei kawenga uaua etahi uara te huri tona mahi ranei. Ka taea e hei tauira o taua mahi hanga tautooraa ki dynamometer carpal i te tere o te 30 ranei 50 ōrau o te mōrahi.

Ko tētahi o nga aravihi ruruku matua o te iwi - te "tikanga o te wa", e ko, te taea o te perception pai o ngā tawhā wā. Ki te whakapai ake i te tika o nga nekehanga tono mahi motuhake. ngā ratou i roto i te aro mātai o ngā āputa wa iti o 5 ki te 10 hēkona. Hei tirohia te tika o te taumahi whakamahia stopwatches. whakawhanake hoki i te tikanga o te wā, tukua te mahi ki te aromatawai i microintervals tetahi ki whakatekau o te tuarua. Hei taki i tēnei tautuhinga te whakamahi i ngā pūrere hiko.

Ko te kaha ki te kite microintervals wa e taea te whakawhanakehia ki te pū rawa, ki runga ki te tetahi-mano o te tuarua. Ki te mahi i tenei, te whakamahi i te whakangungu motuhake.

He hoki etahi tikanga tohutohu, tuku ki te whakapai ake i te toenga pateko, me te hihiri. Ko te tuatahi o enei e taea te whakawhanakehia ki:

- te whakanui ake i te wa pupuri tūranga i whakaritea;
- he hekenga i roto i te wāhi o te tautoko;
- whakarerenga o te analyzer ataata;
- te whakanui ake i te tiketike o te paepae;
- introduction te rere o tereraa takirua ranei.

Ki te whakapai ake e whakamana mahi toenga hihiri:

- he huringa i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao (huarere, coatings, te tauturu);
- ki te whakangungu i te taputapu vestibular, ki tārere, centrifuges, etc ...

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā āheinga ruruku, me mau e koe te parau tumu o pūnahanaha. E kore e taea e koe te mahi i pakaru faufaa i waenganui i ngā akomanga rite ratou e tino arahi ki te mate o ngā pūkenga.

I roto i mahi he mea nui ki te ruruku:

; E kore ki te māuiui -
- mahi i te mahi anake i roto i te pai psycho-tinana pai-oranga;
- kia rawaka wā i waenganui i mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te whakahoki tona pai;
- i roto i te whakarara ki te kawe i ngā mahi mo te whanaketanga o ētahi atu aravihi.

Te huri i ngā mahi nekeneke

O te faufaa rahi ki te tangata ko te kaha ki te whakawhiti hohoro i te kaupapa kotahi ki tetahi ki te huri ngā āhuatanga taiao. Kei te whakaaro Theory me Tikanga o Tinana Mātauranga kaha o te tangata rite te āhuatanga tino nui characterizing raka.

Hoki te whanaketanga o te Kooti Ture mahi whakamahia hoki te whakautu tere, me te tahi mau taime tonu ka ohorere te huri taiao. Tenei hākinakina me ngā kēmu waho oioi-, toi hōia, me te pera i runga i. D. rite ki te ara atu o te whanaketanga o te aravihi e tika ana ki te whakawhanake i maramarama tangata, a ki te faatupu i roto i a ia i taua mau huru volitional rite kaupapa, faaotiraa e te itoito.

Na, kia tuhia te reira e te aravihi ruruku o te tangata - ko te wāhanga faufaa o tona ora.