Kizhi karakia. Karelia: wae

He aha Russian kore e rongo ki ta te karakia Kizhi Kizhi? O te akoranga, kotahi i reira e mōhio ki te rōpū kōhungahunga: he taonga ahurei o te ahurea kaiahuwhenua o te Te Tai Tokerau Russian, te matatini o taketake hahi rangitaki Russian, kua hangaia kahore whao nei taiepa. Ko te ahurei ensemble hoahoanga o te whakaaro Ekalesia o te rau tau XVIII, hanga ki runga ki te motu o te rakau, ko te taonga o te Ahurea Heritage Ao e paearu UNESCO. Me uru te reira e i roto i Russia wahi atu noho whare kia nui, mahi o iwi hoahoanga rakau (ahakoa i rawa maha ratou tonu i roto i te rau tau XIX).

Characteristically, hei painga mohio iwi ki te hītori o Karelia, te ingoa o te whare taonga, rite ki te tikanga, kei te manganga. "A kei hea ko te kupu karakia?" - ui te tangata taitamariki, me whakaaro faahiahia te tomokanga tairanga rakau, taiepa rangitaki rarai, nehenehe dome patito. "A e kore e taua reira!" - pahono na roto i te mea Zhvanetskogo. Ko te tikanga Russian tawhito taketake o te kupu tawhito tenei. I roto i Karelia i roto i te XIII - tenetere XV, i huaina rite kotahi hei pokapū whakahaere, māhorahora tipu i runga i te maha o ngā tekau ara rau o nga kainga a tawhio noa ranei. A ko reira hāngai tenei ihirangi ki te mana rite te pokapū o Kizhi ngā Spassky Kizhi.

I tua atu, ko te ariā i runga-whakahuatia o te timatanga o te iti, me te huri i tona tikanga taketake. Kei te te reira i "hutia" rite te āhuatanga ki te kainga nui (e kore e tika i te pokapū whakahaere, engari ki tona hahi, me te urupā.) Ko anake mai i te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII ka reira he hahi mokemoke ki te urupā i muri ki a ia.

Kizhi - te āhuatanga o motu, hapori

Ka rite ki whakaaturanga hītori, e pā ana ki 130 piri Kizhi Pogost nga kainga a tawhio noa. Ano, ko te nui rawa o ratou - Velikaya Guba, Kosmozero, Sennaya Guba, Tipinitsy - a tēnei wā he whakataunga kaha. kainga hītori taua taonga i roto i Karelia nāianei. Wae o te hoahoanga rohe - rawa e mohio-pehea te iwi. Whakatika ki te rau tau XVIII i runga i tenei whenua i hanga he whakatau ki te hanga e kore e kingi mana, me te hapori, wahi o nei i nga kaihokohoko - te tauhou matua. i tangohia nga kaimahi pai mo te hanga o te mau hiero no te ki a ratou whakaatu whakawhirinaki i roto i te kainga. Ko ratou, rite ki te tikanga, iwi "ki te ariā o" me te ingoa o te hanganga e hanga rite ki te waiata i te waiata. kore whakaaro anake i whakaaetia e ratou i te tekau tetahi makanga ranei. No, i ratou he manawarü ki atu faufaa: faatura mo te iwi, papu tohu i te tika tino. Tenei wā - te wā o "architecture hapori" - ka taea e koe te karanga i te pua o te hoahoanga rakau Russian.

āhua motuhake o Karelia

whenua motuhake, me te pae mīharo rongonui Karelia. Wae e pai te mohio o tenei rohe. Ko te āhua rohe o te karanga, me te u roto-ngahere. tupu taiga i te wahi kamaka rohe. Domain Karelia Ko etahi o te nui tino i roto i ngā roto Europe - Ladoga ki te rohe o 17 700 km Totoro ² me Onezhskoye (9900 m ^2).

Iti iho i te 70 kiromita i tona whakapaipai, te pa o Petrozavodsk, mitimiti i nga wai o te moana Onega, ko te motu o Kizhi (i roto i te Russian tawhito "Kizhi" tikanga "e fakakomēsialé".) Ko te kainga tata i runga i te ara ki te whare taonga hoahoa, fakasiokālafi e pā ana ki Medvezhegorsk p-pai, - ko te kainga Velikaya Guba.

Nau mai ki te Kizhi!

Katoa ra, he tuwhera ki te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki te haere ki a ia i roto i te raumati i waru ki te waru, i roto i te hotoke te whare taonga hoahoanga - i te 10 ⁰⁰ ki te 16 ^00. Mua, Ka taea te huaina te motu o Kizhi te wahi fifi, e i whakamahia mō te te tuku hararei o te tikanga Karaitiana. He i haere i runga i hararei nga peasants, a ka whakaritea te hui.

Ko te āhua motu o te tua motuhake ki te mahi o te ringa tangata, ahakoa manuhiri ture o motu kohatu ki gulfs puru i waenganui ia ratou. Ki te whakamahi tatou te ratonga whakamahere, ka taea e kite koutou: Kizhi i runga i te mahere o Russia e kore e hono ki te tuawhenua e te rori. Heoi, ko te motu, te whakawhetai ki te waka te wai, ko te whānui wātea. Rau o nga mano o tūruhi Russian, me te ke nga tau haerenga tenei wāhi whakamiharo. E te ara, te matatini hītori, me te hoahoanga o Kizhi ko te tuatahi whare taonga tuwhera-rangi, whakatuwheratia i roto i Russia.

Ki te whakatau koe ki runga ki te ipu motor-kaipuke i St Petersburg ki te whakapaipai o te hoahoanga onamata, te motu o te kāri Kizhi ka whiwhi koe i te mea homai noa. Mai i Mei ki Hakihea, a konei e taea te tiki e koe ki te "Meteor" me "unahiroa", haere i Petrozavodsk ki Water Station.

Navigation i waenganui i nga tūruhi i te ngutu o runga (e taea te tae i te motokā) supply kaipuke kaipakihi. Oaoa taua vnenavigatsionny i roto i te wā, ka te whakatotoka ana te moana, whakamahia ki te haere faahee, me tāwāhi haere - sledding kuri.

manaaki Russian

Tae i runga i te motu, e taea ki te whiriwhiri tetahi o toru ngā haerenga e rua-haora manuhiri. Ko te tuatahi - i runga i te matatini hoahoanga matua (porohita iti). Ko te whakaaro, ko te ki te arotake i te iwi Russian me Karelian hoahoanga rakau tuarua (porowhita nui). Ko te tuatoru whakamōhio nga kainga o te motu. e toru tüäpapa whakaaturanga "Pryazhinskoye Karelia", "Russian Zaonezhye", "Russian Pudozh" noho i roto i te kainga rohe. riro hoki nga kainga hītori o Fossa me Vasilyevo ahurei hanganga hoahoanga.

Whakahaere o te whare taonga whakaritea hoki te arotake atu, pāhekoheko, haere kaupapa maha mō ngā manuhiri o Kizhi katoa. Architecture, o te akoranga, ko te attraction matua mo nga tūruhi rohe, a kahore Russian anake, engari ano hoki i ki waho. Ratau, nga whare karakia tawhito o te motu, tīmata ki te 50-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, tāpiri faaho'ihia mai, ka toe langa whare rangitaki tika mō te riko. Na reira, i roto i te tua ki te whakaaturanga matua, ka taea e kite manuhiri te taiao i roto i i tangohia e tenei wahi i runga i te motu o te ora i te pae varua, me te ōhanga o te peasants. Hoki te ruku hohonu ki te ora o te kainga Russian o XVII - XVIII senituli, whakaritea te whakahaere taonga-rahui "ra o mahi toi, iwi ngahau me ngā kēmu" mahi pakiwaitara me te whakaari taketake, handicrafts ataahua, a i te mutunga o te raumati tīmata Kizhi hui.

hoahoanga rakau o te iwi - te kainga tupu o Karelia

Kizhi Ko tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i Russia wāhi tiaki hoahoanga, he nui atu whakakake o Karelia. Wae iwi Russian hoahoanga o tenei rohe, heoi, e kore e whakaritea anake e te puaretanga mea; konei e māngai hoki ratou i runga i te motu o te moana o Ladoga (Valaam Monastery). Tona kotahi tae mai e te fetaulaki'anga Russian. He tae mai Alexander Dumas. E rave rahi o te toi nui Russian (Vasiliev, Kuinzhi Shishkin), kaitito me kaituhi (Tiutchev, Leskov, Shmelev) kitea te faaururaa i konei. I roto i te poto, Karelia mahere ki mātanga (a kore hoahoanga tika - i reira e ano rāhui āhua me ngā pāka motu) e tauturu i te tūruhi ki te whiriwhiri i ratou hōtaka ngā.

ensemble hahi

Otiia hoki ki te kaupapa matua o tenei tuhinga. whakaritea te ahurei o Kizhi e anake maha-domed Ekalesia Faahuru o te ao, hanga te ara tuku iho mō te Russia - kahore he titi kotahi. Haunga ki a ia te mahi ratonga i roto i te hotoke (raki i muri i te katoa) ko tetahi temepara mnogokupolny, wera, - Ekalesia o te inoi o te wahine. Ko te whare tino nui te toru o te ensemble faahiahia ko te tōna whare Kizhi. Huri noa enei taonga e toru o te iwi hoahoanga Russian inaianei whakahokia te taiepa, engari e kore e hanga o ngā rākau, rite ko reira te tuatahi, a o toka.

Mua taiepa kaha tiketike ko te titauhia faufaa o te rohe ki a Sweden tanumanga Russian. He pūnaha kotahi ki te whare i runga ake ko te tahi atu pourewa kaitiaki - fare pureraa o te motu o Kizhi, kei i wāhi rongonui e karapoti ana i te tanga motu.

Poutohu o te kaihoahoa Nestor

hiahia tonu te kōrero e pā ana ki tenei hoahoanga Lacy mīharo o te rakau ki te tīmata ki te kōrero. I muri Kizhi Pogost - te whenua o pūrākau, tetahi o e whakamōhio tatou ki te tangata taranata faahiahia o, ki te hanga i te tino merekara tangata-hanga - he hahi 22-domed mīharo. I matou kaihanga tahito ki te whakatū i te reira, e kore ano te "rakau utuafare kororia", kahore tūnga kāwanatanga. Mau hohonu i roto i te rau tau, me o ratou haurongo me ingoa. Ko te ingoa o te ariki Russian maere Nestor tonu Whatahoro.

E ai ki te kōrero rongonui, tāutuhia e ia te wāhi mo te hanganga o te Ekalesia o te Faahuru, te tau'a ore kawea i roto i a ia whakaakona e whenua i roto i te waenganui o pururu o hunipa. Here prolamyvayas roto pururu (i roto i te ngaro ara auahatanga), bypassing te karakia Kizhi, kitea ia pukapuka tapu, pānui kua kawea i roto i te ra, me te po.

I roto i nga hihi o te putanga mai ra ariki, titiro ake i te whārangi pukapuka i roto i te waenganui o te rūrūtia o tomairangi i runga i te tarutaru pikitia kite te heke mai o te hahi ... ka kauwhautia rite motumotuhia: "! Ka Building konei"

A, no te i hanga te semeio-hahi i papa rawa rite o te rimu, puruhi, ngaueue, i waho te whakamahi o whao, whakamoemititia hanga Nestor he mahi rerekē, me te mea tuhi he ngaio raina riro. I piki te eve o te whakatohungatanga o ratou uri ki te kikorangi ki tona toki whakatapua pono, ka titiro Kizhi karakia, e here ana i runga i te rīpene ripeka ngangana. Na ka maka e ia te toki ki te moana, a korerotia e te Ekalesia o te Faahuru - te temepara tino ataahua i roto i te ao, a rite kore e tupu te reira. I roto i te heke mai, e kore e whakaturia te kaihoahoa atu mau hiero, ahakoa tono maha. Na ka whakaritea e ia ki - ki te tiki atu i te mahi i te tuhipoka tiketike rawa. Kei te kore e tae mai i te reira parau mau Kaiwhakaako?

hahi o te Faahuru

Tenei whare 37-mita, whakaturia i roto i te 1714, whakarōpūtia te rite te hahi tapawaru taumata. I hanga te reira ki te whakakapi i te mua hahi rakau, tahuna e uira. Ko te papa whenua o te whare ko te "Tapawaru" - hanga roko-iu waru ki wha kohao, tohu i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa. I te tihi o te raro "Tapawaru" hoatu e rua ake, engari iti i roto i te whānui. Kei te anga o raro i runga i te turanga i tahito ra - kohatu Zabirko. i tapahia ki waho koki "i roto i te oblo" roto - "wae" o pine. E hanga hea parau, me "oko" dome o upoko o Aspen. tenei katoa - nga momo rakau rohe tipu i runga i te motu o Kizhi. Ko hoki Karelia pai iconography motuhake "Letters Northern". I roto i tenei tikanga, he rua o nga ata tuatahi Preobrazhenskaya Ekalesia ( "Cover" me "Huringa», XVII tau) nei te whakapaipai tuatahi aata, kei roto i te tapahia te rawhiti i roto i, me te he i te āhua o te taparima rite. Ia - Ko te rau e wha, ka mea whakapaipai ki rua ata.

Ko pātata ki te whare matua te ruma o te whare raau. Tapahia i roto i te tuanui me te octagons whakapaipai ki e rua tekau-rua vahe. E ngaahi fokotu'utu'u o tenei whare maheni ki nga tangata o te Republic o Karelia. Ko mo'oni spiritualized Kizhi Island tenei hahi, he ataahua rite i taha katoa.

Ekalesia o te inoi o te hotoke wahine

hanga ana tēnei whare i runga i te-rau hawhe i muri, aru take mo te Ekalesia Faahuru - i roto i te 1764. Ko te whakaaro o tona hanganga - tonu te huringa mahi Siu i runga i te wa hotoke (heatable hahi). I whakaarahia ana ona whare e nga kaihoahoa rongonui rite te toronga tūturu o te hahi architecture raumati. mnogokupolna ia waru o ona pene e kei huri noa te iwa, te matua. Heoi, i roto i katoa ua tona ahua kei te e te hahi - he whakaata hoahoanga o te Faahuru. Ko tōna āhuatanga rawa mohio ko reira haapapû te tuarua anake te mana āhua o te matatini hoahoanga tino.

Tenei hahi i runga i te motu Kizhi hanga i roto i te hoahoa räkau me te ohie. pania ake ki pea Gables whitiki anake he hanganga whai niho.

Entrance ki te temepara e ngā kei i runga i te taha ki te hauauru, aua, te aata - ki te rawhiti. E whakaurua i roto i te wahi tuatahi, a ka i roto i te ruma. Ko te whakaaro o tenei ruma ko te wahi motuhake mo te whakaminenga whakahaere riirii o te take ōhanga, me te tahi atu te pēhi, ka taea e hipokina te maha tino o te iwi. Here i reira nga tamataraa tekau, fakaongo whakahau a te kingi. Kei te aru tenei, i roto i te meka, ki te ruma ano i te whare tapu, whakatapua te whakatutuki i te mahi inoi - te fare pureraa. Reira - te nui tino me te wāteatea, i hanga i tona rōrahi e anga, hono rite ki te kaupapa i raro nei - "mehua", i te runga - "Tapawaru". Kei te rite rawa te reira ki tyablovym iconostasis. rite rawa aata e rite te wha o nga ruma tino rawhiti. Ko te anga pentagonal, i roto i te teitei o nei hanga te hanganga elongated - he oko, mutu te iwa o nga upoko o te Ekalesia o te inoi o te wahine. nga matapihi katoa o te temepara i reira: i roto i te whare, me te aata - e rua; i roto i te fare pureraa, me te ruma - wha (mō te rama tūturu). Ko te roto o te miro propyl i roto i-whakapaipai, te huānga pokapū o nei - ripeka Siu.

tōna whare

Ko te ensemble hoahoanga o Kizhi te feongoongoi kīnaki e tetahi me te whare tuatoru - hipped pere pourewa. Taraiwa reira he tuku iho mo te hanganga o te hoahoanga rakau: raro "mehua" runga "Tapawaru". E toru nga rarangi (e inaki) wehea e tona hanganga ā-. "Chetverik" tapahia i roto i te raki me te tonga tapokoranga, rite rawa ia ki te whakamahau. Mai i te rawhiti me te hauauru, i reira he psevdoportaly tairanga, tukurua i te ahua o te mahi. Te taumata o raro, "mehua", e tahuri iho ki te wahi, pyatimarshevuyu arapiki me te whare moenga. Runga ake te "Tapawaru" Ko te pourewa pere, i roto nei - 9 pou. karaunatia ana te whare kei te ki te cupola wero kau Siu ripeka i runga i runga.

faaho'iraa mai o nāianei

Kizhi karakia pangia nei toe fakafoki, whakatapua ki te tercentenary o te Ekalesia te Faahuru, whakanuia i roto i 2014. E tenei wa kawea reira i roto i pā ana ki 70% o te kaupapa. Whakamutua te whakaritea te reira i roto i 3-4 tau. Tataki mahi te pokapū hoahoa "Zaonezhie" te whakaputa Vitaly Skopin. Fakataha ki tenei kamupene kaimahi hoki whare taonga kamura Center me te kamupene St. Petersburg "ALEKON". Last tau, te Komihana UNESCO, tae ki te pae o te mahi, a whakamoemiti ratou kounga, te fariiraa i te reira rite te ao e faauruhia kaimahi.

Mua i whakakaha te hahi i te taha o te anga whakarewa. He aha, i roto i te meka, whakaorangia ana e ia i te whakangaromanga. I te tīmatanga, kua whakakaha nga kaimahi i te turanga, me te rohe o raro, te nui, no te mea o ratou te taumata ko te ruma. I reira, kawea mahi i roto i runga i te taumata wha, me te rima o. pupuri pea kaihanga rangitaki hītori, whakakapi i te hapa hou rite ki te hua o te pirau horo ranei. E 35 anake%, e te tikanga e te Ekalesia o te Faahuru i 65% whakahokia e ngā o te rakau hītori.

mutunga

Ko te pokapū i tahito ra o Spassky Kizhi, kei runga i te motu Kizhi tika kiato, kei te haere i teie nei i roto i te wā o te anō. Ko te take hoki tenei ko te mōhiotanga tūmatanui tipu o te faufaa o te tiaki i te tonu o te kainga tupu hītori, i roto i te mutunga, ona pakiaka.

Me pēhea te ki te waihanga Zaonezhye varua, morare o te iwi e noho i te reira? O te akoranga, i roto i te rārangi ki te take te ao auaha, i muri mai i huaina te Pushkin nui laconically - "wairua Russian".
Ko ia te tangata e mahia te tango-atu motuhake o iwi toi, e whakaatu urupa hoahoanga o hoahoanga rakau, whakapaipai te motu o Kizhi (whakaahua piri).