Kaihoahoa Palāsilá Oscar Niemeyer: haurongo, mahi. Museum ko Cultural Center Oscar Niemeyer

whanau Oscar Niemeyer i roto i Rio de Janeiro, Hakihea 15, 1907 ka mau tenei hui wahi i runga i te huarahi, e huaina ana ko muri i te te ingoa o tona koroua Ribeyru Di Almeida ia. Ko tenei tangata he minita o te Beresiria Federal Hupirimi Kooti.

kaihoahoa tamarikitanga

Ka rite ki haamana'o Oscar, arahina e ia he ora o Bohemia i roto i tona tamarikitanga. Ka moe a kaihoahoa Future Oscar Niemeyer, no te oti ahau te kura. I te tuatahi mahi ia i roto i te whare tā, a ka, i te tau 1930, timata ana akoranga i te National School o Fine Arts, kei roto i Rio de Janeiro. whiriwhiria Oscar hoki ia te manga o te hoahoanga. I muri i te 4 tau, puta Niemeyer. haere ana ia ki te mahi i roto i te taiwhanga hoahoa o Lusio Kosty, tona kaiwhakaako o mua. Lucio Ko te kaiwhakarewa o hoahoanga Beresiria i roto i te kāhua Art Nouveau.

Tahi ki Charles de Corbusier

mahi Tuatahi Oscar mō te kore utu. I roto i te studio, tutaki ia te tangata e nui te awe tona mahi. te reira e pā ana ki Charles Le Korbyuze, te kaihoahoa French. Ko ia he kaitohutohu mō te taitamariki toi e mahi i runga i te kaupapa o te whare o te Manatū o Hauora me te Mātauranga i roto i Rio de Janeiro. kotahi ka mea tenei tangata Oscar taranata. whakaakona e ia ki a ia ki te ngä whakahaere.

Niemeyer, whakawhetai ki tenei mahi, riro te kororia o te kaihoahoa, e kore e wehi o ngā. muri tīrama ngā ia etahi āhua rawa ohorere me ngā rārangi ki te mahi o ngā wāhanga me ngā rauemi e hanga i ai e ratou. I muri, enei āhuatanga hei te waitohu o Niemeyer mahi kia e ka whakaaturia i roto i tata ia o nga kaupapa 600 kawea atu e ratou i roto i nga whenua rerekē.

Teneti Brazil me matatini Pampulha

Ko te ingoa o te kaihoahoa i roto i 1939, i mohiotia kua waho te whenua. Niemeyer, tahi ki Lusio Kostoy, i hangaia te ti'ahapa Beresiria, aroaro i roto i te New York i te Ao Exhibition. I roto i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau 1940 riro te kaihoahoa te tikanga hou nui. Juscelino Kubitschek, nei i muri ka peresideni o te whenua, a ia te tauira o mua o te pa nui o Belo Horizonte (Brazil), whakaakona ia ki te hanga i te matatini o whare i runga i te taha o te roto. Pampulha. He i mahara ki te waiho i te karapu wakarā me te karapu tēnehi, he hahi, he whare kanikani me te whare taonga. I muri i te otinga o te kaupapa ka tata Pampulha te attraction tino nui o te whenua. Reira ka tonu mohiotia rite te kōhatu hoahoanga Beresiria.

whare UN i roto i te kaupapa matatini

kua meinga Oscar Niemeyer he rongonui tūturu. I te 1947 ko ia he mema o te rōpū o te kaihoahoa e mahi i runga i te whare o te matatini UN i New York. ko Niemeyer te whakaotinga i roto ia ratou. arahina e ia i te rōpū o te kaihoahoa American Uolles Garrison. rapu nga kaituhi ki te whakarite kia ko ratou mahi o tohu, hiranga taumauri. hangaia Niemeyer te ariā o te "awheawhe o te ao". pai ia whakaaetia hoa te kaupapa, engari mo te ngā take ki te whakatinana i te reira, a e kore e taea.

Cottage Canoas

I roto i te kaihoahoa-experimenter ko te rota o whakaaro. I roto i ngā, i te ao-rongonui mo ona rerekē ano tetahi atu mea hanga - hoatu Canoas. hanga e ia te reira i roto i nga wahi o waho ake o Rio de Janeiro i te 1953. I teie mahana te reira he wahi o waho o te rohe whaimana o São Conrado. E ai ki te tohunga, whakamahia i roto i te hanga o tenei rongoā kari e hou tonu, engari kua ngā reira nui atu i te 50 tau. Kei te mooni hanga te whare ki tona taiao. Tangohia, mo te tauira, he kohatu nui, i te mea i roto i te hanga i mahue te wahi takoto ai, pea tauatini. faaoti te kaihoahoa ki te hanga i te taiepa o te whare tika i runga i te reira. Ko te hua ko e ko he wahi nui o te kohatu atu i te kāinga, me te tahi atu wahi - roto. homai tenei te tino roto o te whare te taketake whakaharahara.

Heoi, ko tenei mahi anake te overture ki te ora pakihi o te kaihoahoa nui, e riro te pa o Brasilia, te whakapaipai hou o te kāwanatanga.

Design o te whakapaipai Beresiria

Hoki i roto i te rau tau 19 i reira ko te whakaaro ki te whakawhiti i te whakapaipai Beresiria, e i i taua wa Rio de Janeiro. Na ka tohe te whakaaro e kei Rio te i runga i te rohe Atlantic, i whai wāhi te hui o te whakaeke te ki mōrea nui atu i te pa, kei roto i te tuawhenua. Otiia, kua whakapono ai e te take matua mō te whakawhitinga o te whakapaipai Palāsilá - te hiahia ki te whakawhanake i te pokapū o te whenua, mōwai i te wa.

I roto i 1957, tenei mahi haepapa me te tangata ingoa nui o Juscelino Kubitschek, inaianei peresideni o Brazil whakaakona ki te whakaoti i te Oscar Niemeyer me Lucio Costa. no te whakamutunga ki te mahere whānui whanaketanga o te pa, me te Oscar - tauira nuinga o complexes noho me ngā whare. E ai ki ngā tohunga, ka te mahi o enei kaihoahoa te whakamātau whakamahere tāone tino rongonui o te wā. Tata i te wahanga i roto i te 3 tau i nui haere te pa, e kua hohoro riro tetahi o nga kainga ao tino mīharo. Tae noa nei, e kore i reira rite ki reira ki runga ki te whenua. Ko te rā o te whakatuwheratanga mōhiohio - April 21, 1960

Ko te whare matua o te whakapaipai Beresiria

I te tuatahi, hangaia te pa i ki noho i roto i reira 800 mano. Noho, engari inaianei i reira he neke atu i te 2.1 miriona. I mea Brazilians ratou whakapaipai rite te manureva i roto i te āhua. Ki te piki koe i runga i te pourewa TV, kei roto i te pokapū o te tāone, ka kite koe i te "kaipuke e rere", e ngā o huarahi inä, tapawhā, pāka me ngā whare i mua. I roto i te pokapū - te wāhi tapatoru o nga Powers toru. I roto i te koki kua reira 3 whare: ko te whare o te peresideni, te Hupirimi Kooti, me te National Congress. Tenei "fare o te rererangi." "Wings" reira - ngā wāhi noho, e te hunga kua huaina - "tonga" me te parirau "raki". Ko hoki te toenga o te whakapaipai, he mārama puta ke i roto i te rängai - te rängai pakihi, te hotera, te karere, te rohe whakangahau.

Kei te meatia reira mooni nga whare, i hangaia e Oscar Niemeyer. te haruraa i tatou enei mātanga ki āhua ohorere, ngā rārangi maia, takiwa rerekē. Hei tauira, i te waewae o te pourewa māhanga o te National Congress, ia o nei he 28 papa, whānui hora pūhara. E 2 peihana nui - kuhunga Whare o ngā Māngai me te kaumatua (whakaahua i runga ake). Ko te tuatahi o enei kapu ko te kōaro me te kikorangi, me te tahi atu toro ki te rangi.

National Theatre, i roto i te puka o te koeko, hoki haaputapū tatou ki tona taketake. Ko raro te wahi matua o te whare. Faahiahia me te whare karakia, me tona tihi karaihe nui. Tenei whare (nizhee faahoho'ahia) ati-e tīwae ma, whakakoi rite te pene. okioki ratou ki runga ki te whenua, a ka, tukurua i te āhua o te hahi, ka mahue ana pere ki te rangi.

Ko te whare o te whare karakia, ko te atu rite te kaipuke o nga tangata ke u i tupono, nui atu i te hahi i roto i te tikanga tuku iho. E kore e matara atu i reira i reira ko tetahi atu tohu o hoahoanga - te hanga o te whare o Itamaraty, paingia te nei e mohiotia ana ko te Palace o haurangi. No te reira ki te Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs. Kei te hoki hanga tenei whare e tīwae e hanga i te taiwhanga ki haurangi raima tiketike me tatau whanui. Tino ohorere taipitopito mō te taua faanahoraa nui ko te hāroto nui e karapoti te Itamaraty Palace i taha katoa. Te reira i ika hākinakina ngahau.

whakaahua tatou anake te whare matua, i hanga nei i roto i te pane o te fenua Beresiria Oscar Niemeyer. Kaupapa ona momo, me te tini. Ngātahi fakafehoanaki koeko, domes, kapu porotaka ka kahakina pou, ngā pāka me waharoa, te tino āhuahanga āhua, arorau me te wāhi i roto i ara pa piri faaiteraa whakaritea, me te wherikotanga. More maere Ko rite te wahi o te mahi o te peresideni Beresiria - whare "Planalto" (whakaahua i raro nei).

Ko hoki tōna kaituhi Oscar Niemeyer. Ko te tino faahiahia te hoahoanga o tenei whare. e kore e tenei hanga iti o wha patunga titiro rite te whare. he kaitiaki anake tohu e he whakatau tōrangapū te wahi e pā te whakarau o te whenua nui rawa i roto i Amerika Latin tenei.

He rota o ngā whare tūmatanui hangaia e Nimeyer Oskar. Ko te kāwanatanga, mo te tauira, riro ona Palace i 1960. Heoi, ahakoa taua mahi nui ki te kāwanatanga, ano i te kaihoahoa ki te waiho tona whenua i whanau ai. Korerotia mai i peheatia reira.

ora Niemeyer i roto i te whakarau

I roto i te 1945, piri Oscar te Party Communist o Brazil, a kua noho pono ki ona mana'o noa tona mate. hangaia e te kaihoahoa te pa hou, engari i tukua i te meka e kore e taea e faaore i te reira kopuha me hawa. kore whakaaro Niemeyer huna. No te mea o ratou, e kore ia i taea e noho i roto i Brazil i muri i roto i te tau 1960 e te tukipoto i hōia. a Oscar ki te heke ki Europe. noho ia i roto i Paris. Tenei kaihoahoa wehenga atu takoha ka karanga "pana pokanoa". ka haere Niemeyer te ao, te toro i roto i ētahi atu whenua, me te Soviet Union, te wahi i kitea e ia maha faahinaaro me kaitautoko. riro ia he toa o te ahunga whakamua pāpori me te rangimarie ki runga ki te whenua. Hoki tenei i whakawhiwhia e ia te utu "mō te whakapakari i te rongo i roto i nga iwi" (International Lenin paraihe).

Ka rite ki te aroaro o, mahi te kaihoahoa pakeke. Te āhua e te geography o tona mahi he pono whanui: Italy, Germany, France, Repanona, Congo, Ghana, te United States, Algeria me maha atu whenua. Ko te rongonui tino o ana kaupapa i roto i tenei wā ko te Komiti Central o te Pāti Communist o France, kei roto i Paris, me te te "Mondadori" i roto i Milan.

E hoki ki Brazil, Kubitschek Memorial J.

Anake i roto i te tīmatanga o te tau 1980 ka hoki Oskar Nimeyer ki Brazil. Ia anga tonu ki te kawe i tana moe - te kaupapa whakamahara i roto i te mahara o te "papa" o te whakapaipai Beresiria o Juscelino Kubitschek. Memorial, nga fokotu'utu'u o e fakamanatu tatou o te hama me toronaihi, karapotia e te pupuri. Kei tata te pourewa TV. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga wae matua o te whakapaipai Beresiria.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora, te mate o te kaihoahoa

I roto i nga tau tata nei, i mahi i te ora o Oscar Niemeyer i tona studio, kei roto i Rio de Janeiro, i runga i te taha moana o Copacabana. I roto i ana mahi tata ngā hangaia anō o te "Sambadrome". tenei huarahi ki te turanga hanga i roto i 1984. I roto i te taiopenga tū konei nga kura whakataetae Samba. Anake e 2012 i homai tenei huarahi i runga i te tauira Niemeyer.

Ko te kaihoahoa tino Beresiria Oscar Niemeyer mate i runga i Hakihea 6, 2012 i roto i te hōhipera i Rio de Janeiro, i tukinotia e ia mo te marama i reira. kihai i Oscar ora ake ki te rā whānau 105th o 10 anake ra. Tana tamahine anake, Anna Maria Niemeyer, mate i tau 82 i roto i te Pipiri 2012

Cultural Center Oscar Niemeyer

Kei tēnei ahanoa te i roto i te Spanish me Aviles ko te whare taonga me te whakaaturanga matatini nui. I roto i te tōmina me pokapū whakaaturanga taurima te momo o ngā ahurea - whakaaturanga o whakaahua me toi, ngā kanikani me whakaputanga whakaari, kōnohete, whakaaturanga kiriata, kauwhau mātauranga me hui.

Ko ngā i te hi'oraa hoahoanga tēnei ahanoa. Ko ia atu rite e i runga i te papa tākaro i te te matatini whare taonga. Kei o rima whare, ia o nei āhuatanga e facades tae kanapa, me ngā āhua rerehua te Center. Center Cultural, kei roto i Aviles, - ko reira anake te tae i roto i te mahi hanga o Oscar Niemeyer. e kore tenei whakatau i whiriwhiria e te tupono noa - mahara te whare i ki hei te ahua o te rongoa mo te whārua mo te taupori o te pa iti ahumahi. Hoki te roa te wa ki Aviles tukinotia rite "ngali kino" o te raki o Spain. Kei te nuinga o te wā e pā ana te reira ki te tangata o tumera paowa te whenua o kei konei steelworks. I te wa ano i hoatu te whenua whakaaturanga Oscar te pa ora hou. tīmata te mahi Construction i roto i te tau 2008, ka oti i roto i 2011. Ko te rima ngā wāhanga o te pokapū - he Multiplex, he pourewa kitea, ha'utiraa me te tapawha pokapū.

Oscar Niemeyer Museum

Curitiba (Brazil) - he pa i mohiotia te rite i te pa whakaotinga i Brazil kore anake. Ko konei e te Niemeyer Museum rongonui. Kei te whakatapua te reira ki te hoahoanga hou, nga toi ataata, hoahoa me te toi ataata. oti te whare i roto i 2002. I te tuatahi i huaina tenei ahanoa i "Taonga New", engari homai te ingoa Oscar Niemeyer kē i roto i te 2003

Kei te karanga a hoki tenei whare e te "kanohi katoa kitenga" te "Museum o nga kanohi" no te mea o tona hoahoa taketake ranei. I roto i te āhua rite te reira i te kanohi nui, e iri ana i roto i te rangi. I teie mahana tenei tohu o Curitiba ko te Museum o Art Modern. timata Oscar Niemeyer mahi i runga i te kaupapa i roto i te tau 1967. Na ka hanga e ia he whare raima i roto i te kāhua o te ao hōu ki te teitei whare mātauranga. I muri mai, i roto i te 2001, ka hoki ia ki tenei kaupapa, a puta ke i te reira. Heoi i reira ko tetahi toronga nui o te parahi mata, raima ma, me te pereti karaihe, e mohiotia ana ko te Oscar Niemeyer Museum. "Eyes" ko i runga i te turanga i roto i te waenganui o te hāroto tāwhaiwhai.

Kei te mau tona ingoa tuhituhia i roto i te aamu o te hoahoanga, kaihoahoa tino Oscar Niemeyer. mohiotia tona mahi te katoa i runga i te ao. e kore ratou e mutu ki te ohorere, me te ahuareka ana matou to'utangata.