Kaihoahoa Foster Norman: A Biography, kaupapa

I roto i te pa te ao kaihoahoa whakamahere o tenei ra kei te tino Foster Norman i titiro rite te kāhua hi-tech matarohia. Tona u hoahoanga Foster me hoa whakawhirinaki i runga i te kaupapa te pa-hanga tino ariā i roto i nga whenua i runga i fenua katoa. Tenei tangata Ingarangi ko te toa o te naiprestizhneyshih o te ao taonga: ko te Pritzker (tairitenga Nobel tono ki te hoahoa), me te Imperial (te rawa i roto i te UK). whakawhiwhia Germany ia tona tikanga teitei i roto i te mara o te ahurea "hoki Kaiaka" o te kaupapa o te ao hou, o tona pāremata. hanga e ia he maha o ngā kaupapa mo te Moscow-City, ko ano hoki ia he mema hōnore o te Russian Academy o Toi.

Kua tae mai Foster Norman ki te angitu whakawhetai anake ki tona taranata me te faaotiraa.

Tīmata o te mahi

Whanau nui-tech matarohia i roto i te 1935 i roto i Manchester (UK). Kua Matua o te kaihoahoa kua mahi i te kamupene, manufactures kapohau steam me generators. I roto i te tirohanga o te mau fifi rauemi o te hapu o-tau 16-tau i takoha ia ki te waiho kura, me te whiwhi i te mahi i roto i te pa o te Treasury. moe papa o Norman o mahi o te kaimahi mo tana tama. I tua atu ki te mahi taketake, ako hoki i te taitamariki Foster ture arumoni. Heoi, e kore e mahi tari pīra ki te taata taitamariki.

Ahakoa Na, faauruhia e te hoahoanga o Manchester, timata Foster Norman tuhi whakaaro he whare. Ko tētahi o nga kalake, kite hoa tetahi o enei peita, tohutohu ia ki te mahi i ngaio hoahoa.

Heoi, i mua i te whakatinanatanga o te moe tuatahi i te ratonga-tau kotahi hōia i roto i te British Royal Air Force, a muri mai - e rua nga tau ngā mahi kuware ratou: he parāoa, he wheketere, he toa taonga. I muri haere te uiuiraa, ka mau a Foster Norman he mahi i roto i te kirimana tari o te kaiwhakahaere ti'amâraa kaiāwhina hoahoanga. Mahi mahi arumoni, mohio ia e i roto i te tikanga ki te riro i te kaihoahoa, kia tino ki te mātauranga.

hanganga

i homai tamaiti-tau 21-tau ki te haere i te whakataetae i runga i te tari e hāngai ana o te University o Manchester. Heoi, e kore i nui ki te tiki i te karaati te score, hoatu te tika ki te ako i te utu kāwanatanga.

Na reira roaa Foster Norman moni ki te utu mo tana rangahau mā te mahi i te torutoru haora i te ra, ko te kaihanga taro, te kaihoko, me te ara he kaitiaki haumarutanga i te nightclub. Otiia whiwhi i roto i te mātauranga UK kore te tino makona nga hiahia ngaio o te kaihoahoa taitamariki. Ko tōna hoahoanga tohoakii taniwha tāwāhi skyscrapers. tū Foster Norman he akoranga whakangungu i roto i te US Yale University. I puta ia, taitamariki ngaio ki tona hoa, me te hoa Richard Rodgers hoki ki Ingarangi, i reira tuhia te studio hoahoanga "Team 4".

Ko te whanau o tiketike-tech

I roto i te mahi ratou tuatahi - te hoahoa o ngā whare noho e whakapaipai i te takiwā pukepuke o Cornwall, me te fare whaimana London "Mews Whare" - i reira ko te hoahoanga puāwaitanga parakore.

Noho i roto i te rapu auaha, e rapu ana ki te whakawhanake i tētahi ariā hoahoanga mokowā American o hanga, kua hanga tenei kapa taitama he hou kāhua o te hoahoanga - tiketike-tech. A, o te akoranga, i waihanga wahi o ona whakaaro te ariā he kaihoahoa aronga hou Norman Foster. pā te nuinga ona whakaaro o te wā ki ngā whare ahumahi. He wāhi koki i roto i tona mahi i timata i roto i 1966, te kaupapa o te hanga o ngā whare hangaia mō wheketere whakaputa rorohiko "Rilayens Mana".

au maite Huatau o rongoā, e pehi i me te huatau o te hoahoa o tenei whare i hanga o Stewart, korero o te whetu hou i roto i te mara o te hoahoanga. I roto i te reira i te kaituhi whakamahia auaha te rerehua o whakarewa ngā momo, mahi te tūranga kore anake o diaphragms mārō, engari ano hoki nga ngā whakaata marama taketake, whiti ana i roto i whakaurua ratou i roto i korere antibody. Tenei whare ko te kaupapa whakamutunga "Teams o wha", i hanga nei i roto i te mahi tahi ki a Richard Rogers, kaihoahoa Norman Foster.

Photos o tenei hanganga mārama whakaatu te auahatanga o ona kaihoahoa, ite noa ki te whakamahi i roto i te hanga o te rangona a mohoa noa o ngā rauemi, me ngā hanganga, tito tikanga taketake o te rōrahi ā-o te wāhi, i te hanga i te facades ahurei, me te ultramodern. kihai i reira te mahi o nga kaimahi. Hanga e te kaihoahoa hanga korero mo ake: i roto i te hoahoanga ao i whanau i te kāhua hou - tiketike-tech.

kamupene Own, ratou whakaaro

Kitea ki te katoa i te revolution i hanga parau tumu hanga tīmataria e te Norman Foster. Kaupapa o hi-tech e kia whakakapia e ngā pūnaha pou-a-kurupae tikanga hanganga i roto i te whakaputa-whanganga "tētē" hoahoa motu. E kitea ratou e patu whakaata whakaaro facades ngingilá me, o te akoranga, te mau parau tumu hou i roto i kōrero waea. Waho, hangaia tenei hoahoanga te tokonga surreal.

I roto i 1967, i te turanga kaihoahoa tona kamupene tūmataiti "Foster me Partners", i roto i nei ki runga ki te 1983 (ki runga, ki te mate o te hoa) Kei te mahi i roto i te mahi tahi ki te kaihoahoa rongonui Buckminster Fuller. hoa New rongonui hanga hoahoanga o Foster o ratou matau-pehea domes whanganga te marama e taupoki ana wāhi tāone nui, me te hanga whai wāhitanga mo te localization o ngā wāhi-whakaaro maha takitahi ki microclimate motuhake tautoko.

High-tech kua riro whakawhetai atu ngangahau ki te kakató,, haapapu dome huatau, kitea tona faaiteraa i roto i te London kahui me pāhihi teihana "Fred Olsen Center" (1967), i roto i te whare o "Willy Feipá me Dyuma" (Ipswich, 1974)

Ko te whare rohe i muri, i kawea mai rongo te ao ki te kaihoahoa, ka te Center Sainsbury, hanga i roto i te rāwhiti Britain i 1977 i te Whare Wānanga. whakaaro o Foster - ki te whakakotahi ki raro i tetahi tuanui e tino rerekē i roto i o ratou wāhi mahi: he taonga, he wharekai, te whare wānanga ake, ko te kari hotoke te angitu.

Pea ki tenei wa-pae ariā huringa kamupene hoahoanga. I runga i nga whakahau o pūtea tūmataiti taonga timata ki te whakawhanake i whakaaro Norman Foster. 10 pai o ratou tapaea tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga. Building, te hanganga o nei haumi e ia tona taranata me wairua, inaianei he wāhi o te whenua tāone o nga pa maha. Kia tīmata a to tatou haerenga mariko.

London: hanga-kūkamo

hoahoanga mohiotia e mahi Londoners ki moka o te arearea i huaina "kamoriki erotic" ranei "avaava sexy." Ko atu pinepine sorokaetazhnoe hanga o te tari matua Swiss o te kamupene inihua Swiss Re, i te ara, tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i te ao, ka karanga te "kamoriki" (te kamoriki). e kore ia i takahi, rite wehi, te ahua hoahoanga o te whakapaipai Ingarangi, tino pai ki reira. mahi i konei mano o kaimahi tari. Kei Wharekai me tutaki i runga i te papa runga o te hanganga o te British.

New York: Tower Horst

Hearst Corporation kingitanga pāpāho i roto i te pa, e karanga nga tāngata whenua i te "Big Apple", riro ano he mea homai i Foster. riro kaihoahoa kaupapa arotakenga auaha o te hanganga wā roa-rohe. I roto i te tirohanga o te 30 tau muri o te Topatariraa Rahi, kua whakatotoka Ameliká, a ka mutu te hanga o te kurupae skyscraper matarohia, taaotiaraa ia whakapanga te turanga me patunga raro.

I runga a ratou, whakaarahia Norman Voster he awhi karaihe pīataata tapatoru pourewa hāneanea ki matapihi nui o te karaihe Armoured i roto i nei kaimahi mohiotia kaiwhakaputa Cosmopoltan "ko Esquire e mahi nei. Mohio-pehea o te kaihoahoa ko ki hanga matomato: puhia e tona rere o te hau tūturu whakamahia hoki ona ake ventilation me te ua wai e hinga ki runga ki te tuanui, - no te pūnaha whāhauhau, me mo te whakainu otaota.

France Bridge "Viaduct Villot"

Tenei whare, nui rawa te teitei o te rongonui Eiffel Tower, honoa Norman Foster ratou kaupapa (te 10 runga). Whakaahua o te piriti ki runga ki te awa Tarn, totoro i te tonga o France ki Spain, whakaata te ahurei o te whakaaro auaha. Ko te piriti i waenganui i te āhua pā pou roroa utuafare, kiromita halá, shrouds takitoru paninga anticorrosion. Ia e kore e anake wetekina ana mamae i jams waka tamau huarahi A-75, engari ngā ano maha tūruhi, hoko he rohe hoahoanga pai-mohiotia o France.

London taiwhanga "Wembley"

Ko te nui rawa ki te taiwhanga rā i roto i te ao, ki te waihanga i tētahi whakapakoko hou i i te ringa i roto i Norman Foster, ka koa tona whakarongo tuatahi i roto i 2007. Te whutupaoro ao rongonui, te motherland o te whenua i roto i tona puka hou e ki runga ki te 90 mano mataitai! huatau whakatupato kaihoahoa te taea o tutetutea (te tikanga e puta ana i te kokoru me putanga i te taiwhanga.) tangata i roto i te turanga mai mā escalators, he roa tapeke o 400 mita. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kaupapa ko te kikorangi i ahuareka o 130 mita i roto i te roa, tautoko i te tuanui retireti o te whare hākinakina. Mura Triomphe i te po kitea i nga wahi katoa o London.

He nui hoki te tiaki karaihe he hanganga tuanui taua. Nā ki te rā tūturu tae te tiaki tika o te papa karaihe o te taiwhanga.

Germany. Berlin. Reichstag

I roto i tenei whare, kahore faarahiraa, ngana ki te tiki i nga manuhiri katoa o Berlin. Mua Reichstag, kua huaina nei e Bundestag, ki te kahore hoki wae hītori, kua meinga he merekara nui-tech. Ko te toa i roto i te tau 90 te whakataetae mo tona hangaia anō Norman Foster kua tukuna e kore anake te hanga o te Federal Runanga (Bundestag) dome karaihe whakarato i te tirohanga 360-tohu o te pa - te ngakau o Germany, engari i hanga ano hoki he äta taketake o tona rōrahi roto. Na roto i te toe anga waho tonu o te whare kua hanga te kaihoahoa te taiao ā-haytekovskogo ahurei. tutuki tēnei ki te awhina o awhi hou me ngā hanganga maitai. Bright, kohatu tūturu me raima whakapaipai hoatu nga whare hou o te Bundestag i te taua wa ahua nui, me te hāneanea.

Katatānga. Astana. "Khan Shatyr"

whakaaro e koe whakaturia tetahi kaihoahoa te teneti nui i roto i te ao nei? He kōrero te pātai. Ko te whare e hipokina te wāhi nui o te 10 mara whutupōro. Ko tōna tuanui ahurei āta hangaia i roto i te puka o te koeko matahao motuhake. Ko tōna ahurei - i roto i te karawhiti (tono te kaihoahoa te whakaaro o Art Nouveau). Mano o taura, whakamau reira etaeta, i roto i te hanganga o te pourewa i te wa ano i whakaritea 650 piki ahumahi. Ko te hanga rawa o te whare, ano he whakaaturanga!

Inside tenei whakaurunga haytekovskogo tika he pokapū hokohoko me te whakangahau nui rawa o Kazakhstan ki pinepine o wharekai, ngā toa, hokomaha, karapu, cinemas.

Heoi, he ahurei ki te whenua steppe poka roto ki te tātahi (onepu i roto i te paninga i whakamahia te onepu puia ma rongonui i te Maldives) te tapao o "Khan Shatyr".

Ingarangi. London. Airport "Stansted"

Ko te hoahoa o tenei whare, hanga i roto i te tawhiti 50-kiromita i London, ko taketake ano te Ariki Foster. Ia te tuatahi paopao nga kēnana puāwaitanga katoa o te hanganga o taua wāhi. Tona parau tumu auaha matua - te kuware matatini - whakakitea kotahi ano ano i roto i tonu. Ahurei whakaata tuanui kāpeka tautokona e te anga o ngā wāhanga putorino, takiwa rite tiaki koeko Taupokia tārewa i te ua tūturu. Na roto i te whakaheke hanga rererangi pātata hou, Ahakoa he haytekovsky mataono karaihe nui.

Ingarangi. Boston. Museum o Arts Fine

Kua hanga te tipu haere te maha o ngā whakaaturanga o te whare taonga nui rawa i roto i Ingarangi i te raruraru. Ko reira kore nui wātea mokowā ki hāngai ratou. No te tauturu pāwhiri Baron Foster. I roto i tenei take, ko reira, kahore huringa ki te ngā rawa pūmau o te whare taonga, hanga he whare nui hou wha-ōna papa, i oho te faaiteraa katoa o te Art American. Kua te wāhi raruraru kua whakaaetia mo te whare taonga mo nga tau e maha.

Germany. Frankfurt. "Commerzbank Tower"

Ki Frankfurt tenei whare he auraa hoahoanga, rite ki te pourewa o London ranei te Eiffel Tower mō Paris. Mämä noa iho, ko te kāri pakihi o te pa tenei. Ahurei wharetīoke tapatoru whakatinana i te ariā o te whare taiao Pākehā. Roto reira i patunga wha o tōrino ahurei kari whakatokia: te Mediterranean, te Te Tai Tokerau American, Āhia. Iwi e te hunga i roto i te whare, kei roto i te ahurei tūturu taiao-haytekovskogo.

ora i te heke mai

Pono tetahi o nga kaihoahoa tino ngā o to tatou wa ko te Norman Foster. Kaupapa, nga mahere maestro Ingarangi i hoahoanga mua o te wā. Ko ia he hou me te pāhoro i roto i auaha i te ahua hoahoanga o nga pa puta noa i te ao. kamupene hoahoanga "Foster me Partners" hanga tonu whare fakataipe me ahurei i roto i Europa, i roto i te Ao New, i Ahia. Characteristically, he ratou i muri i whakaturia e ratou Tuhinga te taumata hoahoanga pae teitei, hei ngā o te whanaketanga o te hanganga hou o nga pa, me rohe.

Ko ia he poto. He hāngai i roto i te maha ngā horopaki rerekē ana whare: ahakoa ko reira te ao hou, o te whare kāwanatanga whakahoutanga ranei o te whare ahumahi, te hanga o te papa hokohoko ariā ranei te ūnga o te hanganga tāone: piriti ranei rererangi.

Ki te rā, kua whakatinanahia e ia kaupapa i roto i te 22 whenua. Ka rite ki te kaiwhakahaere whānui o tona kamupene angitu mō ngā tau maha i mua mahere te mahi o Norman Foster.

Kaupapa i roto i Russia - ehara i te mea te hinonga tino pai, engari he reira nui. Ko te meka ko e, ka whakaritea e tuatahi ki te mahi ki te ariki, kua te kāwanatanga Moscow kua atu e roa te whakatinanatanga tūturu o kaupapa. Ko reira e pā ana ki te skyscraper, "Russia" kaupapa, te teitei o te 612 mita i runga i te rohe o te Moscow International Business Centre "Moscow City". Tenei whare o 118 patunga i muri i tona whakatu, e kia te rawa i roto i Europe. He nui faahiahia o te hanganga, kua whakamaheretia e te i runga i te rohe o 520.800 mita pūrua. i tīmata Construction i roto i 2007. Heoi, i roto i te whai ake o te kaupapa whakakorea te investor matua - te kamupene Shalva Chigirinsky, e te faaruru fifi pūtea. Na ka ki te kamupene "Foster me Partners" i whakaarohia ki te whakaiti i te tiketike o te whare e toru ngā wā. mahi reira rite hihiri, herenga pūtea o te kāwanatanga Moscow i te raruraru. Na, i roto i te Maehe 2012, i whakaturia te tiketike whakaritea o te pourewa ki te 360 mita. Na hopea, whakarerea rawatia e te kaupapa. hangaia teie mahana i te rohe hanga te hanganga faufaa rerekē.

mutunga

Kei te whakaaro ia teie mahana te kaihoahoa o te tau 1 i roto i te ao. I roto i tona ropu o 500 ngaio mahi i runga i te pūtake tūturu, me tetahi atu 100, utu ia tau i raro i te kirimana. Maestro te ngaro o te angitu o te hoahoanga - i roto i te auaha whaiaro, me te te matua kaha o tona kapa, e ngā iwi i huri noa i te ao: a Rawiri Nelson ko Spencer de Kerei.

I waimarie nui ki te tatari ki te tino ite ratou pūmanawa auaha nui te Māori o te utuafare mahi-piha. whakahaere ia ki te riria ratou mateaki ki Ingarangi whakaaro hoahoanga, a ka te toenga o te ao. Kaihoahoa Foster Norman kaha whakatinana pa me whenua i hanga e ia kāhua hoahoanga. Ahakoa tona tau huihuinga (Baron-architect 80 tau), e kore ia e haere ki roto ki te atarangi, tonu ki outpace whakatau nga kaihoahoa hou katoa o kāhua nui-tech.